Background Baicalin and probiotic cocktails are promising feed additives with broad application prospects.While probiotic cocktails are known to enhance intestinal health,the potential synergistic impact of combining ...Background Baicalin and probiotic cocktails are promising feed additives with broad application prospects.While probiotic cocktails are known to enhance intestinal health,the potential synergistic impact of combining baicalin with probiotic cocktails on the gut health of broiler chickens remains largely unexplored.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the influence of the combined administration of baicalin and probiotic cocktails on the composition of ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the healthpromoting effects.Results A total of 3201-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were divided into 4 groups,each with 8 replicates of 10 chicks per replicate.Over a period of 42 d,the birds were fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 37.5 g/t baicalin(BC),1,000 g/t probiotic cocktails(PC),or a combination of both BC(37.5 g/t)and PC(1,000 g/t).The results demonstrated that BC+PC exhibited positive synergistic effects,enhancing intestinal morphology,immune function,and barrier function.This was evidenced by increased VH/CD ratio,sIgA levels,and upregulated expression of occludin and claudin-1(P<0.05).16S rRNA analysis indicated that PC potentiated the effects of BC,particularly in the ileum,where BC+PC significantly increased theα-diversity of the ileal microbiota,altered itsβ-diversity,and increased the relative abundance of Flavonifractor(P<0.05),a flavonoid-metabolizing bacterium.Furthermore,Flavonifractor positively correlated with chicken ileum crypt depth(P<0.05).While BC+PC had a limited effect on cecal microbiota structure,the PC group had a very similar microbial composition to BC+PC,suggesting that the effect of PC at the distal end of the gut overshadowed those of BC.Conclusions We demonstrated the synergistic enhancement of gut health regulation in broiler chickens by combining baicalin and probiotic cocktails.Probiotic cocktails enhanced the effects of baicalin and accelerated its metabolism in the ileum,thereby influencing the ile展开更多
[Objective]To investigate the effect of probiotic cocktails on growth performance,intestinal barrier function and antioxidant status in heat-stressed broilers.[Methods]One thousand 1-day-old broilers were randomly div...[Objective]To investigate the effect of probiotic cocktails on growth performance,intestinal barrier function and antioxidant status in heat-stressed broilers.[Methods]One thousand 1-day-old broilers were randomly divided into five groups:the thermoneutral(TN),heat stress(HS),heat stress with antibiotic(HS-AB),heat stress with probiotic cocktail 1(HS-P1),and heat stress with probiotic cocktail 2(HS-P2)groups.The broilers in TN and HS groups received a diet without supplements,and those in HS-AB,HS-P1 and HS-P2 groups were fed a diet supplemented with chlortetracycline(300 g/t)or probiotic cocktail 1 or 2(100 g/t),respectively.[Results]The results showed that heat stress reduced growth performance and increased inflammatory factors,NF-κB and Toll-like receptors in jejunal mucosa coinciding with higher expression of jejunal tight junction proteins,mucin and heat stress protein mRNA.[Conclusion]Dietary probiotic cocktails had protective effects against the heat stress-induced changes in the intestine,with increased serum antioxidant capacity and growth performance of broilers.The effect of these cocktails was similar to that of chlortetracycline.展开更多
Natural dyes from flame tree flower, Pawpaw leaf and their mixtures were used as sensitizers to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The photoelectrochemical performance of the Flame tree flower dye extract sh...Natural dyes from flame tree flower, Pawpaw leaf and their mixtures were used as sensitizers to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The photoelectrochemical performance of the Flame tree flower dye extract showed an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.50 V, short-circuit current density (JSC) of 0.668 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 0.588 and a conversion efficiency of 0.20%. The conversion efficiency of the DSSCs prepared by pawpaw leaf extract was 0.20%, with VOC of 0.50 V;short-circuit current density, JSC of 0.649 mA/cm2 and FF of 0.605. The conversion efficiency for the flame tree flower and pawpaw leaf dye mixture was 0.27%, with VOC of 0.518 V, JSC of 0.744 mA/cm2 and FF of 0.69. Although the conversion efficiencies, Jsc and the Voc of the prepared dye cells were lower than the respective 1.185%, 7.49 mA/cm2 and 0.64V reported for ruthenium, their fill factors (FF) were higher than that of ruthenium (0.497). It was also observed that both the short-circuit current density and the fill factors of the cells were enhanced using mixed dye.展开更多
A method of measuring the tritium in seawater based on electrolytic enrichment and ultra-low background liquid scintillation counting techniques was established.The different factors influencing the detection limit we...A method of measuring the tritium in seawater based on electrolytic enrichment and ultra-low background liquid scintillation counting techniques was established.The different factors influencing the detection limit were studied,including the counting time,the electrolytic volume of the seawater samples,the selection of background water,scintillation solution and their ratio.After optimizing the parameters and electrolyzing 350 mL volume of samples,the detection limit of the method was as low as 0.10 Bq/L.In order to test the optimization of system for this method,of the 84 seawater samples collected from the Arctic Ocean we measured,92%were above the detection limit(the activity of this samples ranged from 0.10 Bq/L to 1.44 Bq/L with an average of(0.30±0.24)Bq/L).In future research,if we need to accurately measure the tritium activity in samples,the volume of the electrolytic samples will be increased to further reduce the minimum detectable activity.展开更多
A six-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing different enzyme cocktails in cornsoybean-byproduct diets on broiler chickens＇ growth performance and nutrient utilization. A total of 6...A six-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing different enzyme cocktails in cornsoybean-byproduct diets on broiler chickens＇ growth performance and nutrient utilization. A total of 630 one-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 7 experimental groups with 6 replicates of 15 chicks. The group of chicks serving as the control group were fed a basal diet made of mainly corn and soybean meal, mixed with a little fish meal, rapeseed meal and wheat bran. The other six groups were fed the same basal diet supplemented with each a different enzyme complex at the dosage of 0.75 kg enzyme in 1 t basal diet. At the same time, a metabolic trial was carded out on 42 chicks at the 27 d age. The results showed that the average daily mass gain （ADG） of chicks in the starter phase, age 1 d to 21 d, was improved by all enzyme complex supplements except the cocktail made of 230 IU/g α-amylase, 5.6 klU/g β-glucanase, 5.3 kIU/g cellulase, 15.5 kIU/g protease and 37.5 kIU/g xylanase. The enzyme cocktail made of 1.6 klU/g α-amylase, 80 klU/g protease and 1.6 kIU/g xylanase worked out the most significant difference （P〈0.05）. Enzyme supplementation decreased the feed conversion ratio （FCR） by 2.78% to 3.98% （P〉0.05）, indicating better utilization of nutritients. In the grower phase at the age from 22 d to 42 d, the enzyme cocktail made of 4.0 kIU/g β-glucanase, 3.8 kIU/g cellulase, 17.8 kIU/g protease, 4.5 kIU/g xylanase and 44 IU/g α-glactase, and that made of 240 IU/g α-amylase, 1.4.6 kIU/g β-glucanase, 2.0 kIU/g cellulase, 5.7 klU/g protease, 400 IU/g xylanase, 20 IU/g α- glactase and 200 IU/g phytase imporved chicks＇ ADG and FCR significantly （P〈0.05）. These two cocktails also were shown to improve ADG and FCR in the entire period of broiler age from 1 d to 42 d. Exogenous digesting enzymes such as protease and amylase benefited the growth and nutrition utilization in young broilers in the starter phase but barely in the grower phase, indicat展开更多
Perinatal brain injury（PBI）is one of the most important causes of lifelong deficits in cognition,behavior,social interaction and motor skills,as well as epilepsy.PBI encompasses,but is not limited to,hypoxic-ischemi...Perinatal brain injury（PBI）is one of the most important causes of lifelong deficits in cognition,behavior,social interaction and motor skills,as well as epilepsy.PBI encompasses,but is not limited to,hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy（HIE）,intraventricular hemorrhage,periventricular leukomalacia and encephalopathy of prematurity.展开更多
Objective:Wallerian degeneration is a pathological process closely related to peripheral nerve regeneration following injury,and includes the disintegration and phagocytosis of peripheral nervous system cells.Traditio...Objective:Wallerian degeneration is a pathological process closely related to peripheral nerve regeneration following injury,and includes the disintegration and phagocytosis of peripheral nervous system cells.Traditionally,morphological changes are observed by performing immunofluorescence staining after sectioning,which results in the loss of some histological information.The purpose of this study was to explore a new,nondestmetive,and systematic method for observing axonal histological changes during Wallerian degeneration.Methods:Thirty male Thy1-YFP-16 mice(SPF grade,6 weeks old,20±5 g)were randomly selected and divided into clear,unobstructed brain imaging cocktails and computational analysis(CUBIC)optical clearing(n=15)and traditional method groups(n=15).Five mice in each group were sacrificed at 1st,3rd,and 5th day following a crush operation.The histological axon changes were observed by CUBIC light optical clearing treatment,direct tissue section imaging,and HE staining.Results:The results revealed that,compared with traditional imaging methods,there was no physical damage to the samples,which allowed for three-dimensional and deep-seated tissue imaging through CUBIC.Local image information could be nicely obtained by direct fluorescence imaging and HE staining,but it was difficult to obtain image information of the entire sample.At the same time,the image information obtained by fluorescence imaging and HE staining was partially lost.Conclusion:The combining of CUBIC and Thy1-YFP transgenic mice allowed for a clear and comprehensive observation of histological changes of axons in Wallerian degeneration.展开更多
随着全球塑料循环体系的变革升级,提高塑料的回收利用不仅可以减少塑料在生命周期中的碳排放,还可以解决废塑料潜在的生态环境危害。文中介绍了2019年国家自然科学基金组织间国际(地区)合作研究项目“废塑料资源高效生物降解转化的关键...随着全球塑料循环体系的变革升级,提高塑料的回收利用不仅可以减少塑料在生命周期中的碳排放,还可以解决废塑料潜在的生态环境危害。文中介绍了2019年国家自然科学基金组织间国际(地区)合作研究项目“废塑料资源高效生物降解转化的关键科学问题与技术(MIXed plastics biodegradation and UPcycling using microbial communities,MIX-UP)”。该项目聚焦“塑料污染”这一全球化的问题,围绕中欧双方确定的“塑料生物降解菌群”研究领域,联合中欧双方14家优势科研单位,开展实质性的重大前沿合作研究。针对废塑料生物降解中存在的解聚与重塑两个难题,项目以难降解石油基塑料(PP、PE、PUR、PET和PS)以及生物可降解塑料(PLA和PHA)的混合废塑料作为研究对象,从塑料微生物降解途径解析及关键元件的挖掘与改造、塑料高效降解混菌/多酶体系的构建与功能调控、塑料降解物的高值化炼制途径设计与利用策略3个方面展开研究。本项目将突破废塑料生物降解转化中高效降解元件挖掘、塑料降解物高值化利用的关键科学问题与技术,探索一条废塑料资源化、高值化、循环化、低碳化的新塑料循环路线,建立以“降塑再造”为核心理念的废塑料生物炼制体系,丰富我国固废资源化生物技术利用平台。项目的实施不仅有助于提升我国塑料(生物)循环经济的理论基础和关键技术水平,还可以推动我国与国际科研院所的多边交流与合作,促进我国在生物技术领域的创新发展,助力我国碳中和目标的实现。展开更多
基金funded by National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1300403,2021YFD1300404)China Agriculture Research System program(CARS-40,CARS-41-G11)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(6222036).
文摘Background Baicalin and probiotic cocktails are promising feed additives with broad application prospects.While probiotic cocktails are known to enhance intestinal health,the potential synergistic impact of combining baicalin with probiotic cocktails on the gut health of broiler chickens remains largely unexplored.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the influence of the combined administration of baicalin and probiotic cocktails on the composition of ileal and cecal microbiota in broiler chickens to elucidate the underlying mechanisms responsible for the healthpromoting effects.Results A total of 3201-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were divided into 4 groups,each with 8 replicates of 10 chicks per replicate.Over a period of 42 d,the birds were fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 37.5 g/t baicalin(BC),1,000 g/t probiotic cocktails(PC),or a combination of both BC(37.5 g/t)and PC(1,000 g/t).The results demonstrated that BC+PC exhibited positive synergistic effects,enhancing intestinal morphology,immune function,and barrier function.This was evidenced by increased VH/CD ratio,sIgA levels,and upregulated expression of occludin and claudin-1(P<0.05).16S rRNA analysis indicated that PC potentiated the effects of BC,particularly in the ileum,where BC+PC significantly increased theα-diversity of the ileal microbiota,altered itsβ-diversity,and increased the relative abundance of Flavonifractor(P<0.05),a flavonoid-metabolizing bacterium.Furthermore,Flavonifractor positively correlated with chicken ileum crypt depth(P<0.05).While BC+PC had a limited effect on cecal microbiota structure,the PC group had a very similar microbial composition to BC+PC,suggesting that the effect of PC at the distal end of the gut overshadowed those of BC.Conclusions We demonstrated the synergistic enhancement of gut health regulation in broiler chickens by combining baicalin and probiotic cocktails.Probiotic cocktails enhanced the effects of baicalin and accelerated its metabolism in the ileum,thereby influencing the ile
文摘[Objective]To investigate the effect of probiotic cocktails on growth performance,intestinal barrier function and antioxidant status in heat-stressed broilers.[Methods]One thousand 1-day-old broilers were randomly divided into five groups:the thermoneutral(TN),heat stress(HS),heat stress with antibiotic(HS-AB),heat stress with probiotic cocktail 1(HS-P1),and heat stress with probiotic cocktail 2(HS-P2)groups.The broilers in TN and HS groups received a diet without supplements,and those in HS-AB,HS-P1 and HS-P2 groups were fed a diet supplemented with chlortetracycline(300 g/t)or probiotic cocktail 1 or 2(100 g/t),respectively.[Results]The results showed that heat stress reduced growth performance and increased inflammatory factors,NF-κB and Toll-like receptors in jejunal mucosa coinciding with higher expression of jejunal tight junction proteins,mucin and heat stress protein mRNA.[Conclusion]Dietary probiotic cocktails had protective effects against the heat stress-induced changes in the intestine,with increased serum antioxidant capacity and growth performance of broilers.The effect of these cocktails was similar to that of chlortetracycline.
文摘Natural dyes from flame tree flower, Pawpaw leaf and their mixtures were used as sensitizers to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The photoelectrochemical performance of the Flame tree flower dye extract showed an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.50 V, short-circuit current density (JSC) of 0.668 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 0.588 and a conversion efficiency of 0.20%. The conversion efficiency of the DSSCs prepared by pawpaw leaf extract was 0.20%, with VOC of 0.50 V;short-circuit current density, JSC of 0.649 mA/cm2 and FF of 0.605. The conversion efficiency for the flame tree flower and pawpaw leaf dye mixture was 0.27%, with VOC of 0.518 V, JSC of 0.744 mA/cm2 and FF of 0.69. Although the conversion efficiencies, Jsc and the Voc of the prepared dye cells were lower than the respective 1.185%, 7.49 mA/cm2 and 0.64V reported for ruthenium, their fill factors (FF) were higher than that of ruthenium (0.497). It was also observed that both the short-circuit current density and the fill factors of the cells were enhanced using mixed dye.
基金The project sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation of Third Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,under contract No.2020012the Join Project of Xiamen Marine Research and Development Institute under contract No.K191301.
文摘A method of measuring the tritium in seawater based on electrolytic enrichment and ultra-low background liquid scintillation counting techniques was established.The different factors influencing the detection limit were studied,including the counting time,the electrolytic volume of the seawater samples,the selection of background water,scintillation solution and their ratio.After optimizing the parameters and electrolyzing 350 mL volume of samples,the detection limit of the method was as low as 0.10 Bq/L.In order to test the optimization of system for this method,of the 84 seawater samples collected from the Arctic Ocean we measured,92%were above the detection limit(the activity of this samples ranged from 0.10 Bq/L to 1.44 Bq/L with an average of(0.30±0.24)Bq/L).In future research,if we need to accurately measure the tritium activity in samples,the volume of the electrolytic samples will be increased to further reduce the minimum detectable activity.
基金Singapore Kemin Industries Pte Ltd. under the Contract No.200103006
文摘A six-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing different enzyme cocktails in cornsoybean-byproduct diets on broiler chickens＇ growth performance and nutrient utilization. A total of 630 one-day-old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 7 experimental groups with 6 replicates of 15 chicks. The group of chicks serving as the control group were fed a basal diet made of mainly corn and soybean meal, mixed with a little fish meal, rapeseed meal and wheat bran. The other six groups were fed the same basal diet supplemented with each a different enzyme complex at the dosage of 0.75 kg enzyme in 1 t basal diet. At the same time, a metabolic trial was carded out on 42 chicks at the 27 d age. The results showed that the average daily mass gain （ADG） of chicks in the starter phase, age 1 d to 21 d, was improved by all enzyme complex supplements except the cocktail made of 230 IU/g α-amylase, 5.6 klU/g β-glucanase, 5.3 kIU/g cellulase, 15.5 kIU/g protease and 37.5 kIU/g xylanase. The enzyme cocktail made of 1.6 klU/g α-amylase, 80 klU/g protease and 1.6 kIU/g xylanase worked out the most significant difference （P〈0.05）. Enzyme supplementation decreased the feed conversion ratio （FCR） by 2.78% to 3.98% （P〉0.05）, indicating better utilization of nutritients. In the grower phase at the age from 22 d to 42 d, the enzyme cocktail made of 4.0 kIU/g β-glucanase, 3.8 kIU/g cellulase, 17.8 kIU/g protease, 4.5 kIU/g xylanase and 44 IU/g α-glactase, and that made of 240 IU/g α-amylase, 1.4.6 kIU/g β-glucanase, 2.0 kIU/g cellulase, 5.7 klU/g protease, 400 IU/g xylanase, 20 IU/g α- glactase and 200 IU/g phytase imporved chicks＇ ADG and FCR significantly （P〈0.05）. These two cocktails also were shown to improve ADG and FCR in the entire period of broiler age from 1 d to 42 d. Exogenous digesting enzymes such as protease and amylase benefited the growth and nutrition utilization in young broilers in the starter phase but barely in the grower phase, indicat
文摘Perinatal brain injury（PBI）is one of the most important causes of lifelong deficits in cognition,behavior,social interaction and motor skills,as well as epilepsy.PBI encompasses,but is not limited to,hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy（HIE）,intraventricular hemorrhage,periventricular leukomalacia and encephalopathy of prematurity.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC1101604)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+2 种基金Clinical Medicine Plus X-Young Scholars Project of Peking University China(No.PKU2020LCXQ020)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2019A1515110983,No.2021A1515012586)Bethune Charitable Foundation and CSPC Osteoporosis Research Foundation Project(No.G-X-2020-1107-21).
文摘Objective:Wallerian degeneration is a pathological process closely related to peripheral nerve regeneration following injury,and includes the disintegration and phagocytosis of peripheral nervous system cells.Traditionally,morphological changes are observed by performing immunofluorescence staining after sectioning,which results in the loss of some histological information.The purpose of this study was to explore a new,nondestmetive,and systematic method for observing axonal histological changes during Wallerian degeneration.Methods:Thirty male Thy1-YFP-16 mice(SPF grade,6 weeks old,20±5 g)were randomly selected and divided into clear,unobstructed brain imaging cocktails and computational analysis(CUBIC)optical clearing(n=15)and traditional method groups(n=15).Five mice in each group were sacrificed at 1st,3rd,and 5th day following a crush operation.The histological axon changes were observed by CUBIC light optical clearing treatment,direct tissue section imaging,and HE staining.Results:The results revealed that,compared with traditional imaging methods,there was no physical damage to the samples,which allowed for three-dimensional and deep-seated tissue imaging through CUBIC.Local image information could be nicely obtained by direct fluorescence imaging and HE staining,but it was difficult to obtain image information of the entire sample.At the same time,the image information obtained by fluorescence imaging and HE staining was partially lost.Conclusion:The combining of CUBIC and Thy1-YFP transgenic mice allowed for a clear and comprehensive observation of histological changes of axons in Wallerian degeneration.
文摘随着全球塑料循环体系的变革升级,提高塑料的回收利用不仅可以减少塑料在生命周期中的碳排放,还可以解决废塑料潜在的生态环境危害。文中介绍了2019年国家自然科学基金组织间国际(地区)合作研究项目“废塑料资源高效生物降解转化的关键科学问题与技术(MIXed plastics biodegradation and UPcycling using microbial communities,MIX-UP)”。该项目聚焦“塑料污染”这一全球化的问题,围绕中欧双方确定的“塑料生物降解菌群”研究领域,联合中欧双方14家优势科研单位,开展实质性的重大前沿合作研究。针对废塑料生物降解中存在的解聚与重塑两个难题,项目以难降解石油基塑料(PP、PE、PUR、PET和PS)以及生物可降解塑料(PLA和PHA)的混合废塑料作为研究对象,从塑料微生物降解途径解析及关键元件的挖掘与改造、塑料高效降解混菌/多酶体系的构建与功能调控、塑料降解物的高值化炼制途径设计与利用策略3个方面展开研究。本项目将突破废塑料生物降解转化中高效降解元件挖掘、塑料降解物高值化利用的关键科学问题与技术,探索一条废塑料资源化、高值化、循环化、低碳化的新塑料循环路线,建立以“降塑再造”为核心理念的废塑料生物炼制体系,丰富我国固废资源化生物技术利用平台。项目的实施不仅有助于提升我国塑料(生物)循环经济的理论基础和关键技术水平,还可以推动我国与国际科研院所的多边交流与合作,促进我国在生物技术领域的创新发展,助力我国碳中和目标的实现。
