Objective： To observe the influence on IL-1β and IL-2 in rat models with rheumatoid arthritis after moxibustion on Shenshu （BL 23） and Zusanli （ST 36） points, and to discuss the mechanism of moxibustion. Methods...Objective： To observe the influence on IL-1β and IL-2 in rat models with rheumatoid arthritis after moxibustion on Shenshu （BL 23） and Zusanli （ST 36） points, and to discuss the mechanism of moxibustion. Methods： Fifty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 5 groups, control group, model group, drug group, moxibustion group, and laser group, 10 for each. Four groups except the normal group were built on the model of rheumatoid arthritis. The changes of body weight and plantar circumference were measured and the level of IL-1β, IL-2 in sera were examined by ELISA. Results： Compared with the model group, the weight and plantar circumference of rats in the moxibustion group were improved significantly after treatment （P〈0.01）, and the improvement of plantar circumference also had significant differences compared with the drug group and the laser group （P〈0.05）. The level of IL-1β, IL-2 in sera were down regulated in the moxibustion group and the laser group, which had statistical differences compared with the model group （P〈0.05）, but no statistical differences were found when comparing with the drug group. Conclusion： Moxibustion obviously improves the toe tumefaction of the rats with rheumatoid arthritis, which is better than CO2 laser of 10.6μm. On the aspect of decreasing the amount of IL-1β, IL-2, CO2 laser of 10.6μm is similar with moxibustion.展开更多
According to differences in vegetation types and their coverage, combining the latest research, using theory and method on the value of vegetation ecosystem services, this paper not only calculated goods...According to differences in vegetation types and their coverage, combining the latest research, using theory and method on the value of vegetation ecosystem services, this paper not only calculated goods produced by different types of vegetation but also estimated the value of various vegetation ecosystem services and set up database, GIS and eco-account of vegetation ecosystem. The result was as follows: the value of vegetation's primary productivity, soil and fertility conservation, water conservation, CO 2 fixation and O 2 release was 199.6 billion yuan/a, 22.64 billion yuan/a, 22.66 billion yuan/a, 352.24 billion yuan/a and 374.19 billion yuan/a, respectively. The total value of ecosystem services was 968.33 billion yuan/a. The temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest had the highest contribution rate, accounting for 16.42%. The result of value can reflect regional reality more exactly.展开更多
Based on geographical and hydrological extents delimited, four principles are identified, as the bases for delineating the ranges of the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in the paper....Based on geographical and hydrological extents delimited, four principles are identified, as the bases for delineating the ranges of the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in the paper. According to the comprehensive analysis of topographical characteristics, climate conditions, vegetation distribution and hydrological features, the source region ranges for eco-environmental study are defined. The eastern boundary point is Dari hydrological station in the upper reach of the Yellow River. The watershed above Dari hydrological station is the source region of the Yellow River which drains an area of 4.49×10 4 km 2 . Natural environment is characterized by the major topographical types of plateau lakes and marshland, gentle landforms, alpine cold semi-arid climate, and steppe and meadow vegetation in the source region of the Yellow River. The eastern boundary point is the convergent site of the Nieqiaqu and the Tongtian River in the upstream of the Yangtze River. The watershed above the convergent site is the source region of the Yangtze River, with a watershed area of 12.24×10 4 km 2 . Hills and alpine plain topography, gentle terrain, alpine cold arid and semi-arid climate, and alpine cold grassland and meadow are natural conditions in the source region of the Yangtze River.展开更多
In this study the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and climate in China in boreal winter are investigated. Correlation analysis for the last 41 years shows that the winter temperatur...In this study the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and climate in China in boreal winter are investigated. Correlation analysis for the last 41 years shows that the winter temperature and precipitation in China change in phase with AO. High positive correlation (>0.4) between temperature and AO appears in the northern China. High correlation coefficients between precipitation and AO cover the southern China (close to the South China Sea) and the central China (between 30 o -40 o N and east of ~100 o E), with the values varying between +0.3 and +0.4. It is found that during the past several decades the precipitation was strongly affected by AO, but for the temperature the Siberian High plays a more important role. At the interdecadal time scale the AO has significant influence on both temperature and precipitation. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrates that AO and the Siberian High related variance in temperature and precipitation is 35% and 11% respectively. For precipitation, however the portion is rather low, implying that some other factors may be responsible for the changes in precipitation, in addition to AO and the Siberian High.展开更多
The effluent from the pulping of E. urophylla by alkali sodium sulfite chemi mechanical process(AS-CMP) was characterized for its biodegradability by photosynthetic bacteria (PSB). Chemical coagulation post treat...The effluent from the pulping of E. urophylla by alkali sodium sulfite chemi mechanical process(AS-CMP) was characterized for its biodegradability by photosynthetic bacteria (PSB). Chemical coagulation post treatment of biotreated wastewater was also studied. One month continuous treatment in the laboratory indicated that the COD Cr , BOD 5 and SS removals in biotreatment stages reached 56%, 83% and 89% respectively, and the CH 2Cl 2 extractives decreased from 10.7 mg/L to 7.7 mg/L. In chemical coagulation post treatment stage, the effects of process conditions, such as coagulant dosage, pH value and the coordinated coagulation flocculation treatment of three kinds of coagulants on coagulation effectiveness were discussed. The optimum operating conditions were given.展开更多
In this paper, we use CEVSA, a process-based model, which has been validated on regional and global scales, to explore the temporal and spatial patterns of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) a...In this paper, we use CEVSA, a process-based model, which has been validated on regional and global scales, to explore the temporal and spatial patterns of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and its responses to interannual climate fluctuations in China's terrestrial ecosystems over the period 1981-1998. The estimated results suggest that, in this study period, the averaged annual total NPP is about 3.09 Gt C/yr -1 and average NPP is about 342 g C/m 2 . The results also showed that the precipitation was the key factor determining the spatial distribution and temporal trends of NPP. Temporally, the total NPP exhibited a slowly increasing trend. In some ENSO years (e.g. 1982, 1986, 1997) NPP decreased clearly compared to the previous year, but the relationship between ENSO and NPP is complex due to the integrated effects of monsoons and regional differentiation. Spatially, the relatively high NPP occurred at the middle high latitudes, the low latitudes and the lower appeared at the middle latitudes. On national scale, precipitation is the key control factor on NPP variations and there exists a weak correlation between NPP and temperature, but regional responses are greatly different.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONThe increased expression of ICAM-1 on a widerange of cells and in the sera of patients withmalignancies, chronic liver diseases andinflammation diseases has been described since thelate 1980s[1-22]. Recent...INTRODUCTIONThe increased expression of ICAM-1 on a widerange of cells and in the sera of patients withmalignancies, chronic liver diseases andinflammation diseases has been described since thelate 1980s[1-22]. Recently rapid progress in studieson expression of ICAM-1 in patients withhepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) have beenachieved, including clinical and experimentalresearches[23-31].展开更多
Yulin district is located in the transitional zone between Mu Us Desert and Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi Province, thus it is particularly vulnerable to degradation due to its fragile ecosyst...Yulin district is located in the transitional zone between Mu Us Desert and Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi Province, thus it is particularly vulnerable to degradation due to its fragile ecosystem and intense human activities there. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism, process and driving force of land degradation in area with vulnerable eco-environment within the context of increasing population and intensifying human economic activities, and then find out the patterns and countermeasures of how to control them using the economic and technological ways. In detail, this study includes three main sections: the first section analyzes the mechanism, causes and characteristics of land degradation, which can be achieved by the typical field investigations and systematical analysis within the regional natural, social and economic context. Based on the technologies of remote sensing and GIS, and combined with the modeling methods, the second section reveals the change characteristics of land use and its driving force from 1990 to 2000; As to the third section, feasible countermeasures of how to prevent the degradation and rehabilitate the regional ecology are proposed, which are studied from the perspective of harmony between nature and economy, and the conception of regional sustainable development.展开更多
Diversity indices and abundance distribution models are statistical tools which ecologists have applied for decades for analyzing the intrinsic regularities of various ecological entities. In ...Diversity indices and abundance distribution models are statistical tools which ecologists have applied for decades for analyzing the intrinsic regularities of various ecological entities. In this work, we have applied these techniques to use the notions such as pedodiversity (as an example of geodiversity in a broad sense), in order to detect the differences and similarities between both natural resources, biological and non-biological. The discussion has mainly been conducted through the study of landform based pedodiversity analysis applied to SOTER digital databases in Hainan Island, China. The main analytical methods include indices of richness S that are the number of the categories (SOTER units relating to different soils in this work), indices based on proportional abundance of categories H' and E which are not only the number but also their relative abundance (in our case, the relative area occupied by each pedotaxa) is taken into account, models of the distribution of abundance of categories that provide the most complete description but also the least abridged and GIS mapping to show the spatial variation digitally.展开更多
In order to study the feasibility of treating petro chemical wastewater by the combination of anaerobic and aerobic biological process, a research of treating wastewater in UASB reactor and aeration basin has been co...In order to study the feasibility of treating petro chemical wastewater by the combination of anaerobic and aerobic biological process, a research of treating wastewater in UASB reactor and aeration basin has been conducted. The test results shows that under moderate temperature, with 5\^2 kgCOD/(m\+3·d) volumetric load of COD Cr in the UASB reactor and 24h of HRT, 85% removal rate of BOD 5 and 83% of COD \{Cr\} and 1\^34 m\+3/(m\+3·d) volumetric gas production rate can be obtained respectively. The aerobic bio degradability can be increased by 20%—30% after the petro chemical wastewater has been treated by anaerobic process. As Ns=0\^45 kgCOD/(kgMLSS·d), HRT=4h in the aeration tank, 94% removal rate of BOD 5, 93% of COD \{Cr\}, 98\^8% total removal rate of COD \{Cr\} and 99% removal rate of BOD 5 can be reached.展开更多
The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data was discussed in this paper. The procedure...The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data was discussed in this paper. The procedure was: (1) annual maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the landscape was calculated from TM images; (2) the relationship model between NDVI and LAI was built and annual maximum LAI over the landscape was simulated; (3) the relationship models between LAI and biomass were built and annual branch, stem, root and maximum leaf biomass over the landscape were simulated; (4) spatial distribution patterns of leaf biomass and LAI in different periods all the year round were obtained. The simulation was based on spatial analysis module GRID in ArcInfo software. The method is also a kind of scaling method from patch scale to landscape scale. A case study of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was dissertated. Analysis and primary validation were carried out to the simulated LAI and biomass for the major vegetation types in the Changbai Mountain in 1995.展开更多
文摘Objective： To observe the influence on IL-1β and IL-2 in rat models with rheumatoid arthritis after moxibustion on Shenshu （BL 23） and Zusanli （ST 36） points, and to discuss the mechanism of moxibustion. Methods： Fifty male Wistar rats were divided randomly into 5 groups, control group, model group, drug group, moxibustion group, and laser group, 10 for each. Four groups except the normal group were built on the model of rheumatoid arthritis. The changes of body weight and plantar circumference were measured and the level of IL-1β, IL-2 in sera were examined by ELISA. Results： Compared with the model group, the weight and plantar circumference of rats in the moxibustion group were improved significantly after treatment （P〈0.01）, and the improvement of plantar circumference also had significant differences compared with the drug group and the laser group （P〈0.05）. The level of IL-1β, IL-2 in sera were down regulated in the moxibustion group and the laser group, which had statistical differences compared with the model group （P〈0.05）, but no statistical differences were found when comparing with the drug group. Conclusion： Moxibustion obviously improves the toe tumefaction of the rats with rheumatoid arthritis, which is better than CO2 laser of 10.6μm. On the aspect of decreasing the amount of IL-1β, IL-2, CO2 laser of 10.6μm is similar with moxibustion.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China No.30070083+1 种基金 Ministry of Education of China No.2001DXM700012
文摘According to differences in vegetation types and their coverage, combining the latest research, using theory and method on the value of vegetation ecosystem services, this paper not only calculated goods produced by different types of vegetation but also estimated the value of various vegetation ecosystem services and set up database, GIS and eco-account of vegetation ecosystem. The result was as follows: the value of vegetation's primary productivity, soil and fertility conservation, water conservation, CO 2 fixation and O 2 release was 199.6 billion yuan/a, 22.64 billion yuan/a, 22.66 billion yuan/a, 352.24 billion yuan/a and 374.19 billion yuan/a, respectively. The total value of ecosystem services was 968.33 billion yuan/a. The temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest had the highest contribution rate, accounting for 16.42%. The result of value can reflect regional reality more exactly.
基金Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS No. KZCX1-10-06
文摘Based on geographical and hydrological extents delimited, four principles are identified, as the bases for delineating the ranges of the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in the paper. According to the comprehensive analysis of topographical characteristics, climate conditions, vegetation distribution and hydrological features, the source region ranges for eco-environmental study are defined. The eastern boundary point is Dari hydrological station in the upper reach of the Yellow River. The watershed above Dari hydrological station is the source region of the Yellow River which drains an area of 4.49×10 4 km 2 . Natural environment is characterized by the major topographical types of plateau lakes and marshland, gentle landforms, alpine cold semi-arid climate, and steppe and meadow vegetation in the source region of the Yellow River. The eastern boundary point is the convergent site of the Nieqiaqu and the Tongtian River in the upstream of the Yangtze River. The watershed above the convergent site is the source region of the Yangtze River, with a watershed area of 12.24×10 4 km 2 . Hills and alpine plain topography, gentle terrain, alpine cold arid and semi-arid climate, and alpine cold grassland and meadow are natural conditions in the source region of the Yangtze River.
基金The Excellent Young Teachers Program of MOE No.EYTP-1964+1 种基金 National Natural Science Foundation of China No.NSFC-40105007
文摘In this study the relationship between the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and climate in China in boreal winter are investigated. Correlation analysis for the last 41 years shows that the winter temperature and precipitation in China change in phase with AO. High positive correlation (>0.4) between temperature and AO appears in the northern China. High correlation coefficients between precipitation and AO cover the southern China (close to the South China Sea) and the central China (between 30 o -40 o N and east of ~100 o E), with the values varying between +0.3 and +0.4. It is found that during the past several decades the precipitation was strongly affected by AO, but for the temperature the Siberian High plays a more important role. At the interdecadal time scale the AO has significant influence on both temperature and precipitation. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrates that AO and the Siberian High related variance in temperature and precipitation is 35% and 11% respectively. For precipitation, however the portion is rather low, implying that some other factors may be responsible for the changes in precipitation, in addition to AO and the Siberian High.
文摘The effluent from the pulping of E. urophylla by alkali sodium sulfite chemi mechanical process(AS-CMP) was characterized for its biodegradability by photosynthetic bacteria (PSB). Chemical coagulation post treatment of biotreated wastewater was also studied. One month continuous treatment in the laboratory indicated that the COD Cr , BOD 5 and SS removals in biotreatment stages reached 56%, 83% and 89% respectively, and the CH 2Cl 2 extractives decreased from 10.7 mg/L to 7.7 mg/L. In chemical coagulation post treatment stage, the effects of process conditions, such as coagulant dosage, pH value and the coordinated coagulation flocculation treatment of three kinds of coagulants on coagulation effectiveness were discussed. The optimum operating conditions were given.
基金Knowledge Innovation Project of IGSNRR CAS No.CXIOG-E01-02-04
文摘In this paper, we use CEVSA, a process-based model, which has been validated on regional and global scales, to explore the temporal and spatial patterns of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) and its responses to interannual climate fluctuations in China's terrestrial ecosystems over the period 1981-1998. The estimated results suggest that, in this study period, the averaged annual total NPP is about 3.09 Gt C/yr -1 and average NPP is about 342 g C/m 2 . The results also showed that the precipitation was the key factor determining the spatial distribution and temporal trends of NPP. Temporally, the total NPP exhibited a slowly increasing trend. In some ENSO years (e.g. 1982, 1986, 1997) NPP decreased clearly compared to the previous year, but the relationship between ENSO and NPP is complex due to the integrated effects of monsoons and regional differentiation. Spatially, the relatively high NPP occurred at the middle high latitudes, the low latitudes and the lower appeared at the middle latitudes. On national scale, precipitation is the key control factor on NPP variations and there exists a weak correlation between NPP and temperature, but regional responses are greatly different.
基金Supported by the grant from the Guangxi ScienceTechnology Committee, No. 9811003
文摘INTRODUCTIONThe increased expression of ICAM-1 on a widerange of cells and in the sera of patients withmalignancies, chronic liver diseases andinflammation diseases has been described since thelate 1980s[1-22]. Recently rapid progress in studieson expression of ICAM-1 in patients withhepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) have beenachieved, including clinical and experimentalresearches[23-31].
基金Key Project of the Ministry of Land and Resources No.20010102+3 种基金 Knowledge Innovation Project of IGSNRR CAS No.CXIOG-E01-05-03 No.CXIOG-B02-05
文摘Yulin district is located in the transitional zone between Mu Us Desert and Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi Province, thus it is particularly vulnerable to degradation due to its fragile ecosystem and intense human activities there. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism, process and driving force of land degradation in area with vulnerable eco-environment within the context of increasing population and intensifying human economic activities, and then find out the patterns and countermeasures of how to control them using the economic and technological ways. In detail, this study includes three main sections: the first section analyzes the mechanism, causes and characteristics of land degradation, which can be achieved by the typical field investigations and systematical analysis within the regional natural, social and economic context. Based on the technologies of remote sensing and GIS, and combined with the modeling methods, the second section reveals the change characteristics of land use and its driving force from 1990 to 2000; As to the third section, feasible countermeasures of how to prevent the degradation and rehabilitate the regional ecology are proposed, which are studied from the perspective of harmony between nature and economy, and the conception of regional sustainable development.
文摘Diversity indices and abundance distribution models are statistical tools which ecologists have applied for decades for analyzing the intrinsic regularities of various ecological entities. In this work, we have applied these techniques to use the notions such as pedodiversity (as an example of geodiversity in a broad sense), in order to detect the differences and similarities between both natural resources, biological and non-biological. The discussion has mainly been conducted through the study of landform based pedodiversity analysis applied to SOTER digital databases in Hainan Island, China. The main analytical methods include indices of richness S that are the number of the categories (SOTER units relating to different soils in this work), indices based on proportional abundance of categories H' and E which are not only the number but also their relative abundance (in our case, the relative area occupied by each pedotaxa) is taken into account, models of the distribution of abundance of categories that provide the most complete description but also the least abridged and GIS mapping to show the spatial variation digitally.
文摘In order to study the feasibility of treating petro chemical wastewater by the combination of anaerobic and aerobic biological process, a research of treating wastewater in UASB reactor and aeration basin has been conducted. The test results shows that under moderate temperature, with 5\^2 kgCOD/(m\+3·d) volumetric load of COD Cr in the UASB reactor and 24h of HRT, 85% removal rate of BOD 5 and 83% of COD \{Cr\} and 1\^34 m\+3/(m\+3·d) volumetric gas production rate can be obtained respectively. The aerobic bio degradability can be increased by 20%—30% after the petro chemical wastewater has been treated by anaerobic process. As Ns=0\^45 kgCOD/(kgMLSS·d), HRT=4h in the aeration tank, 94% removal rate of BOD 5, 93% of COD \{Cr\}, 98\^8% total removal rate of COD \{Cr\} and 99% removal rate of BOD 5 can be reached.
基金One Hundred Talents Program of CAS No.CXIOG-C00-01+1 种基金 National Natural Science Foundation of China No.39970613
文摘The method for simulating the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of leaf area index (LAI) and biomass at landscape scale using remote sensing images and surface data was discussed in this paper. The procedure was: (1) annual maximum normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) over the landscape was calculated from TM images; (2) the relationship model between NDVI and LAI was built and annual maximum LAI over the landscape was simulated; (3) the relationship models between LAI and biomass were built and annual branch, stem, root and maximum leaf biomass over the landscape were simulated; (4) spatial distribution patterns of leaf biomass and LAI in different periods all the year round were obtained. The simulation was based on spatial analysis module GRID in ArcInfo software. The method is also a kind of scaling method from patch scale to landscape scale. A case study of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve was dissertated. Analysis and primary validation were carried out to the simulated LAI and biomass for the major vegetation types in the Changbai Mountain in 1995.
