The disinfection of drinking water is a major public health achievement; however, an unintended consequence of disinfection is the generation of disinfection by-products（DBPs）. Many of the identified DBPs exhibit in...The disinfection of drinking water is a major public health achievement; however, an unintended consequence of disinfection is the generation of disinfection by-products（DBPs）. Many of the identified DBPs exhibit in vitro and in vivo toxicity, generate a diversity of adverse biological effects, and may be hazards to the public health and the environment.Only a few DBPs are regulated by several national and international agencies and it is not clear if these regulated DBPs are the forcing agents that drive the observed toxicity and their associated health effects. In this study, we combine analytical chemical and biological data to resolve the forcing agents associated with mammalian cell cytotoxicity of drinking water samples from three cities. These data suggest that the trihalomethanes（THMs） and haloacetic acids may be a small component of the overall cytotoxicity of the organic material isolated from disinfected drinking water. Chemical classes of nitrogen-containing DBPs, such as the haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides, appear to be the major forcing agents of toxicity in these samples. These findings may have important implications for the design of epidemiological studies that primarily rely on the levels of THMs to define DBP exposure among populations. The TIC-Tox approach constitutes a beginning step in the process of identifying the forcing agents of toxicity in disinfected water.展开更多
The Panzhihua,Hongge,and Baima Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panzhihua-Xichang(Panxi) region are hosted in large layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions.The layered intrusions intrude either the Neoproterozoic Dengying Fo...The Panzhihua,Hongge,and Baima Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panzhihua-Xichang(Panxi) region are hosted in large layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions.The layered intrusions intrude either the Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation,composed mainly of limestone,or the Paleoproterozoic Hekou Formation,composed of meta-sedimentary-volcanic rocks.It remains unclear if the wall rocks have been involved during the fractionation of magmas and have affected the sequence of crystallization of Fe-Ti oxide.Volatiles and their C-H-O isotopic compositions of magnetite,apatite,clinopyroxene,and plagioclase of different types of ores from the three intrusions are analyzed using a technique of stepwise heating mass spectrometer to evaluate the role of wall rocks in the formation of Fe-Ti oxide ores.Volatiles released from magnetite are composed mainly of H 2 O and CO 2,whereas the other minerals are composed mainly of H 2 O,CO 2 and H 2.At 800-1200°C temperature interval,the average 13 C values of CO 2 of all the minerals from the three intrusions range from 7.7‰ to 13.5‰ and the average 18 O CO 2 values from 19.1‰ to 19.5‰,which are scattered in a mixed field with basalt and the two types of wall rocks as end-members,indicating that CO 2 from the wall rocks may have been involved in the magmas from which the three intrusions formed.At 400-800 C temperature interval,both 13 C values(13.7‰ to 17.9‰ on the average) and 18 O values(16.2‰ to 19.2‰ on the average) of CO 2 of all the minerals are lower than those for 800-1200 C temperature interval,and much closer to the values of the wall rocks.Abundant H 2 O released at the 400-800 C temperature interval has relatively low D values ranging from 90‰ to 115‰,also indicating the involvement of fluids from the wall rocks.The average bulk contents of volatiles released from magnetite of the Hongge,Baima,and Panzhihua intrusions are 4891,2996,and 1568 mm 3 STP/g,respectively,much higher than those released from other minerals in total,which are 382,600,and 379 mm 3 STP/g,res展开更多
Tripchlorolide (TC) is a potent antitumor reagent purified from a Chinese herb Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook. f.. However, its cellular effects and mechanism of action are unknown. We showed here that TC induced apoptos...Tripchlorolide (TC) is a potent antitumor reagent purified from a Chinese herb Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook. f.. However, its cellular effects and mechanism of action are unknown. We showed here that TC induced apoptosis of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. TC resulted in the degradation of Bcl-2, the translocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria, and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Stable overexpression of human Bcl-2 could reduce the apoptosis of TCtreated cells by blocking the translocation of Bax and the release of cytochrome c. These results indicate that TC induces apoptosis of CHO cell by activating the mitochondrion-mediated apoptotic pathway involving the proteins of Bcl-2 family and cytochrome c.展开更多
产后出血是指胎儿娩出后，24 h内失血量≥500 mL ，是导致产妇死亡的主要原因之一，其中大多数发生在胎儿娩出后2 h内，其发病率占分娩总数的2％～3％［1］。其病因主要有子宫收缩乏力、胎盘因素、软产道裂伤及凝血功能障碍。宫缩乏力...产后出血是指胎儿娩出后，24 h内失血量≥500 mL ，是导致产妇死亡的主要原因之一，其中大多数发生在胎儿娩出后2 h内，其发病率占分娩总数的2％～3％［1］。其病因主要有子宫收缩乏力、胎盘因素、软产道裂伤及凝血功能障碍。宫缩乏力是导致产后出血的最常见因素，占产后出血发生原因的80％以上［2］。除外软产道裂伤所致产后出血，其治疗方案为按摩子宫、选用各种类型的宫缩剂、宫腔填塞纱布、子宫血管结扎、子宫压迫缝合、子宫动脉栓塞、子宫切除术等。对难治性产后出血的患者，多采取切除子宫作为挽救产妇生命的主要措施，切除子宫不仅使女性的盆腔解剖受到破坏，同时产妇永久地丧失了生育能力。因此，在选择治疗方法时，尽量选择效果好、损伤较小的措施，迅速控制产后出血，保留产妇子宫。本研究观察了2010年7月至2012年7月间经改良B-Lynch缝合术联合改良CHO四边形缝合法治疗剖宫产产后出血患者共56例，在采用不同方式的子宫压迫缝合术治疗后疗效满意，现报告如下。展开更多
Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis occur frequently in pregnancy and their management can be complicated. Traditional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is the first line treatment for choledochol...Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis occur frequently in pregnancy and their management can be complicated. Traditional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is the first line treatment for choledocholithiasis,but in addition to its baseline risks,fluoroscopy poses an additional radiation risk to the fetus. Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is an accurate modality for detecting common bile duct stones,but its role has not been defined in pregnancy.We describe an alternative management strategy to conventional ERCP in a pregnant patient with choledocholithiasis and cholangitis detected using EUS and choledochoscopy.展开更多
Objective To investigate the role of caspase 3 and its inhibitor Ac DEVD CHO in rat lens epithelial cell apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) in vitro Methods Rat lenses were incubated in modifi...Objective To investigate the role of caspase 3 and its inhibitor Ac DEVD CHO in rat lens epithelial cell apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) in vitro Methods Rat lenses were incubated in modified Eagle's medium containing 2 mmol/L H 2O 2 to induce apoptosis in vitro Apoptosis in lens epithelial cells was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and annexin V propidium iodide (PI) double staining flow cytometry after 12, 24 and 48 h of incubation The activity of caspase 3 was analyzed by western blotting Results Observations under transmission electron microscopy revealed that 2 mmol/L H 2O 2 could effectively induce lens epithelial cell apoptosis in vitro Caspase 3 activity increased during cell apoptosis and the peak measurement occurred at 24 h after treatment with H 2O 2 Cell apoptosis was blocked by caspase 3 inhibitor Ac DEVD CHO Conclusions The activation of caspase 3 plays an important role in executing apoptosis in H 2O 2 treated lens epithelial cells and in the formation of cataract The caspase 3 inhibitor Ac DEVD CHO may effectively prevent lens epithelial cell apoptosis caused by oxidative injury展开更多
文摘The disinfection of drinking water is a major public health achievement; however, an unintended consequence of disinfection is the generation of disinfection by-products（DBPs）. Many of the identified DBPs exhibit in vitro and in vivo toxicity, generate a diversity of adverse biological effects, and may be hazards to the public health and the environment.Only a few DBPs are regulated by several national and international agencies and it is not clear if these regulated DBPs are the forcing agents that drive the observed toxicity and their associated health effects. In this study, we combine analytical chemical and biological data to resolve the forcing agents associated with mammalian cell cytotoxicity of drinking water samples from three cities. These data suggest that the trihalomethanes（THMs） and haloacetic acids may be a small component of the overall cytotoxicity of the organic material isolated from disinfected drinking water. Chemical classes of nitrogen-containing DBPs, such as the haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides, appear to be the major forcing agents of toxicity in these samples. These findings may have important implications for the design of epidemiological studies that primarily rely on the levels of THMs to define DBP exposure among populations. The TIC-Tox approach constitutes a beginning step in the process of identifying the forcing agents of toxicity in disinfected water.
基金supported by the Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No. KZCX2-YW-Q04-06)National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB808903)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41073030)Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to CYW
文摘The Panzhihua,Hongge,and Baima Fe-Ti-V oxide deposits in the Panzhihua-Xichang(Panxi) region are hosted in large layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions.The layered intrusions intrude either the Neoproterozoic Dengying Formation,composed mainly of limestone,or the Paleoproterozoic Hekou Formation,composed of meta-sedimentary-volcanic rocks.It remains unclear if the wall rocks have been involved during the fractionation of magmas and have affected the sequence of crystallization of Fe-Ti oxide.Volatiles and their C-H-O isotopic compositions of magnetite,apatite,clinopyroxene,and plagioclase of different types of ores from the three intrusions are analyzed using a technique of stepwise heating mass spectrometer to evaluate the role of wall rocks in the formation of Fe-Ti oxide ores.Volatiles released from magnetite are composed mainly of H 2 O and CO 2,whereas the other minerals are composed mainly of H 2 O,CO 2 and H 2.At 800-1200°C temperature interval,the average 13 C values of CO 2 of all the minerals from the three intrusions range from 7.7‰ to 13.5‰ and the average 18 O CO 2 values from 19.1‰ to 19.5‰,which are scattered in a mixed field with basalt and the two types of wall rocks as end-members,indicating that CO 2 from the wall rocks may have been involved in the magmas from which the three intrusions formed.At 400-800 C temperature interval,both 13 C values(13.7‰ to 17.9‰ on the average) and 18 O values(16.2‰ to 19.2‰ on the average) of CO 2 of all the minerals are lower than those for 800-1200 C temperature interval,and much closer to the values of the wall rocks.Abundant H 2 O released at the 400-800 C temperature interval has relatively low D values ranging from 90‰ to 115‰,also indicating the involvement of fluids from the wall rocks.The average bulk contents of volatiles released from magnetite of the Hongge,Baima,and Panzhihua intrusions are 4891,2996,and 1568 mm 3 STP/g,respectively,much higher than those released from other minerals in total,which are 382,600,and 379 mm 3 STP/g,res
基金supported by Grant 39825115 of the National Outstanding Young Scientists,a special grant of major state basic research program of China(No.G1999053901)a grant from the Chinese Academy of Sciences KSCX2-SW-203 to JR Wu.
文摘Tripchlorolide (TC) is a potent antitumor reagent purified from a Chinese herb Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook. f.. However, its cellular effects and mechanism of action are unknown. We showed here that TC induced apoptosis of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells in time- and dose-dependent manners. TC resulted in the degradation of Bcl-2, the translocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria, and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. Stable overexpression of human Bcl-2 could reduce the apoptosis of TCtreated cells by blocking the translocation of Bax and the release of cytochrome c. These results indicate that TC induces apoptosis of CHO cell by activating the mitochondrion-mediated apoptotic pathway involving the proteins of Bcl-2 family and cytochrome c.
文摘产后出血是指胎儿娩出后，24 h内失血量≥500 mL ，是导致产妇死亡的主要原因之一，其中大多数发生在胎儿娩出后2 h内，其发病率占分娩总数的2％～3％［1］。其病因主要有子宫收缩乏力、胎盘因素、软产道裂伤及凝血功能障碍。宫缩乏力是导致产后出血的最常见因素，占产后出血发生原因的80％以上［2］。除外软产道裂伤所致产后出血，其治疗方案为按摩子宫、选用各种类型的宫缩剂、宫腔填塞纱布、子宫血管结扎、子宫压迫缝合、子宫动脉栓塞、子宫切除术等。对难治性产后出血的患者，多采取切除子宫作为挽救产妇生命的主要措施，切除子宫不仅使女性的盆腔解剖受到破坏，同时产妇永久地丧失了生育能力。因此，在选择治疗方法时，尽量选择效果好、损伤较小的措施，迅速控制产后出血，保留产妇子宫。本研究观察了2010年7月至2012年7月间经改良B-Lynch缝合术联合改良CHO四边形缝合法治疗剖宫产产后出血患者共56例，在采用不同方式的子宫压迫缝合术治疗后疗效满意，现报告如下。
文摘Cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis occur frequently in pregnancy and their management can be complicated. Traditional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)is the first line treatment for choledocholithiasis,but in addition to its baseline risks,fluoroscopy poses an additional radiation risk to the fetus. Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is an accurate modality for detecting common bile duct stones,but its role has not been defined in pregnancy.We describe an alternative management strategy to conventional ERCP in a pregnant patient with choledocholithiasis and cholangitis detected using EUS and choledochoscopy.
文摘Objective To investigate the role of caspase 3 and its inhibitor Ac DEVD CHO in rat lens epithelial cell apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) in vitro Methods Rat lenses were incubated in modified Eagle's medium containing 2 mmol/L H 2O 2 to induce apoptosis in vitro Apoptosis in lens epithelial cells was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and annexin V propidium iodide (PI) double staining flow cytometry after 12, 24 and 48 h of incubation The activity of caspase 3 was analyzed by western blotting Results Observations under transmission electron microscopy revealed that 2 mmol/L H 2O 2 could effectively induce lens epithelial cell apoptosis in vitro Caspase 3 activity increased during cell apoptosis and the peak measurement occurred at 24 h after treatment with H 2O 2 Cell apoptosis was blocked by caspase 3 inhibitor Ac DEVD CHO Conclusions The activation of caspase 3 plays an important role in executing apoptosis in H 2O 2 treated lens epithelial cells and in the formation of cataract The caspase 3 inhibitor Ac DEVD CHO may effectively prevent lens epithelial cell apoptosis caused by oxidative injury
