Measurements of greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, and N2O were made by static chamber-gas chromatograph in Inner Mongolia. Results indicate that with growing seasons, the daily variation patterns of emission/uptake of greenh...Measurements of greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, and N2O were made by static chamber-gas chromatograph in Inner Mongolia. Results indicate that with growing seasons, the daily variation patterns of emission/uptake of greenhouse gases differ greatly in the prairie ecosystem. The peak of seasonal emission/uptake of three greenhouse gases occurs at the melting period in spring when soil moisture is high and rainfall is rich. The daily emissions of CO2 from steppe vegetation in growing seasons are low during the daytime and high at night. Higher temperatures are advantageous to emission of CO2, as aboveground biomass determines the amount of CO2 photosynthetic uptake. The key factors that influence the daily variation patterns of CH4 uptake and N2O emission in semiarid grassland are soil moisture and the oxygen supplying condition, while the changes in daily temperature mainly affect the range of daily variations. The seasonal changes of N2O emission are positively related to seasonal change in soil moisture. Free grazing reduces the daily mean deviation of exchange rates of CO2, N2O, and CH4, but it decreases the amount of annual emission/uptake of N2O and CH4 yet it increases the annual emission of CO2.展开更多
污水处理厂CH4排放因子主要取决于处理工艺。根据污水处理厂处理工艺及其对CH4排放的影响,污水处理工艺可分为厌氧工艺、好氧为主处理工艺和非生物处理工艺。经调查和统计分析,中国污水处理厂78.48%的COD是经过好氧为主处理工艺去除,9....污水处理厂CH4排放因子主要取决于处理工艺。根据污水处理厂处理工艺及其对CH4排放的影响,污水处理工艺可分为厌氧工艺、好氧为主处理工艺和非生物处理工艺。经调查和统计分析,中国污水处理厂78.48%的COD是经过好氧为主处理工艺去除,9.78%是经过非生物过程去除,仅11.74%的COD经过完全厌氧工艺处理。因而,针对不同处理类型建立适合中国的排放因子非常重要。根据现场实测和理论分析,建立中国污水处理厂不同处理类型的排放因子,其相比IPCC专家经验建立的排放因子整体偏低。生活和工业的好氧为主处理工艺的排放因子基本都在IPCC缺省范围的低值区间内。厌氧工艺排放因子要明显低于IPCC的缺省值,但和国内国际的实测数据更加接近,主要原因是IPCC的排放因子基于专家经验,基本接近最大产CH4能力,而实际情况很难达到。根据不同工艺排放因子及该工艺在全国COD去除量比例,加权得到中国全国平均排放因子,分别为生活污水处理厂排放因子为0.007 8 kg CH4/kg COD,工业废(污)水处理厂排放因子为0.035 4 kg CH4/kg COD。同时根据各省不同处理工艺COD去除比例,建立中国各省污水处理厂CH4排放因子体系,从而便于各省和国家直接采用COD去除量得到相对准确的CH4排放水平。对于生活污水处理厂,西藏、湖北等省较高,主要是西藏的生活污水处理厂全部采用厌氧工艺,而湖北的生活污水的厌氧工艺处理比例达到了41%。辽宁、福建的工业污水处理厂排放因子较高,因为辽宁工业污水处理厂都采用了厌氧工艺,而福建的工业污水的厌氧工艺处理比例达到了93%。展开更多
基金This work was supported bythe grant of the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chi-nese Academy of Sciences(approved # KZCX1SW-01).The authors would like to thank Dr.DU Rui, Wang Yan-fen,and Professor Zhang Wen,Wang Gengchen,and WangMingxing for t
文摘Measurements of greenhouse gases CO2, CH4, and N2O were made by static chamber-gas chromatograph in Inner Mongolia. Results indicate that with growing seasons, the daily variation patterns of emission/uptake of greenhouse gases differ greatly in the prairie ecosystem. The peak of seasonal emission/uptake of three greenhouse gases occurs at the melting period in spring when soil moisture is high and rainfall is rich. The daily emissions of CO2 from steppe vegetation in growing seasons are low during the daytime and high at night. Higher temperatures are advantageous to emission of CO2, as aboveground biomass determines the amount of CO2 photosynthetic uptake. The key factors that influence the daily variation patterns of CH4 uptake and N2O emission in semiarid grassland are soil moisture and the oxygen supplying condition, while the changes in daily temperature mainly affect the range of daily variations. The seasonal changes of N2O emission are positively related to seasonal change in soil moisture. Free grazing reduces the daily mean deviation of exchange rates of CO2, N2O, and CH4, but it decreases the amount of annual emission/uptake of N2O and CH4 yet it increases the annual emission of CO2.
文摘污水处理厂CH4排放因子主要取决于处理工艺。根据污水处理厂处理工艺及其对CH4排放的影响,污水处理工艺可分为厌氧工艺、好氧为主处理工艺和非生物处理工艺。经调查和统计分析,中国污水处理厂78.48%的COD是经过好氧为主处理工艺去除,9.78%是经过非生物过程去除,仅11.74%的COD经过完全厌氧工艺处理。因而,针对不同处理类型建立适合中国的排放因子非常重要。根据现场实测和理论分析,建立中国污水处理厂不同处理类型的排放因子,其相比IPCC专家经验建立的排放因子整体偏低。生活和工业的好氧为主处理工艺的排放因子基本都在IPCC缺省范围的低值区间内。厌氧工艺排放因子要明显低于IPCC的缺省值,但和国内国际的实测数据更加接近,主要原因是IPCC的排放因子基于专家经验,基本接近最大产CH4能力,而实际情况很难达到。根据不同工艺排放因子及该工艺在全国COD去除量比例,加权得到中国全国平均排放因子,分别为生活污水处理厂排放因子为0.007 8 kg CH4/kg COD,工业废(污)水处理厂排放因子为0.035 4 kg CH4/kg COD。同时根据各省不同处理工艺COD去除比例,建立中国各省污水处理厂CH4排放因子体系,从而便于各省和国家直接采用COD去除量得到相对准确的CH4排放水平。对于生活污水处理厂,西藏、湖北等省较高,主要是西藏的生活污水处理厂全部采用厌氧工艺,而湖北的生活污水的厌氧工艺处理比例达到了41%。辽宁、福建的工业污水处理厂排放因子较高,因为辽宁工业污水处理厂都采用了厌氧工艺,而福建的工业污水的厌氧工艺处理比例达到了93%。
