I have reached the conclusion that the human nose might be involved in cooling of the brain. In this report, I first describe the clinical observations about ankyloglossia with deviation of the epiglottis and larynx (...I have reached the conclusion that the human nose might be involved in cooling of the brain. In this report, I first describe the clinical observations about ankyloglossia with deviation of the epiglottis and larynx (ADEL) with regard to sleep that I have made during my 30 years of otorhino-laryngological experience. Then I describe the physiology of the nose. Next I quote from reports on paradoxical sleep, or REM sleep, from Kitamura K (2009) and Jouvet M (1992). Finally, I present the conclusion that nasal respiration is indispensable to a deep and sound sleep that refreshes humans and promotes vitality.展开更多
Background: Historically frenotomy was performed at newborn babies’ baptism for healthy breast-feeding over many centuries. Although it was necessary for nursing babies, its application was denied subjectively withou...Background: Historically frenotomy was performed at newborn babies’ baptism for healthy breast-feeding over many centuries. Although it was necessary for nursing babies, its application was denied subjectively without clinical observation since the early 20th century. As a result solutions for breastfeeding and breast problems are confused now. Methods: We studied changes in breastfeeding and mothers’ breasts before and one month after the surgeries for ADEL by standards for healthy breastfeeding and breasts. Results: With regard to suckling, before the surgeries 24% of babies opened their eyes during breastfeeding, while after surgeries 76% opened eyes while nursing. 30% of the babies latched onto the mother’s breast with a wide-open mouth. After surgeries, 84% properly latched on. 73% of the babies had calluses on the upper lip before surgeries, and no calluses were observed after surgeries. 27% of babies before surgeries moved the jaws during breast-feeding, but after surgeries 88% moved the jaws while nursing. White debris was on the dorsum tongue in 70% of babies prior to surgeries. After surgeries, 22% were with debris. 67% of mothers experienced nipple pain before their babies’ surgeries while 6% had pain after the surgeries. Flattened nipples were observed in 55% of mothers before the infants’ surgeries, 7% after surgeries. 23% of mothers had breast pain before the surgeries, and 4% had breast pain after the surgeries. Mastitis was also reduced from 9% to 1% after surgeries. 73% of women had palpable breast masses, and after the surgeries 25% had palpable masses. Summary: Remarkable improvements in breastfeeding and in women’s breasts were achieved after their infants underwent operations for ADEL. These results indicate the necessity of surgical interventions in babies with ADEL for healthy breastfeeding and breasts (279).展开更多
In this paper, a numerical method for solving the optimal control （OC） problems is presented. The method is enlightened by the Chebyshev-Legendre （CL） method for solving the partial differential equations （PDEs）...In this paper, a numerical method for solving the optimal control （OC） problems is presented. The method is enlightened by the Chebyshev-Legendre （CL） method for solving the partial differential equations （PDEs）. The Legendre expansions are used to approximate both the control and the state functions. The constraints are discretized over the Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto （CGL） collocation points. A Legendre technique is used to approximate the integral involved in the performance index. The OC problem is changed into an equivalent nonlinear programming problem which is directly solved. The fast Legendre transform is employed to reduce the computation time. Several further illustrative examples demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.展开更多
文摘I have reached the conclusion that the human nose might be involved in cooling of the brain. In this report, I first describe the clinical observations about ankyloglossia with deviation of the epiglottis and larynx (ADEL) with regard to sleep that I have made during my 30 years of otorhino-laryngological experience. Then I describe the physiology of the nose. Next I quote from reports on paradoxical sleep, or REM sleep, from Kitamura K (2009) and Jouvet M (1992). Finally, I present the conclusion that nasal respiration is indispensable to a deep and sound sleep that refreshes humans and promotes vitality.
文摘Background: Historically frenotomy was performed at newborn babies’ baptism for healthy breast-feeding over many centuries. Although it was necessary for nursing babies, its application was denied subjectively without clinical observation since the early 20th century. As a result solutions for breastfeeding and breast problems are confused now. Methods: We studied changes in breastfeeding and mothers’ breasts before and one month after the surgeries for ADEL by standards for healthy breastfeeding and breasts. Results: With regard to suckling, before the surgeries 24% of babies opened their eyes during breastfeeding, while after surgeries 76% opened eyes while nursing. 30% of the babies latched onto the mother’s breast with a wide-open mouth. After surgeries, 84% properly latched on. 73% of the babies had calluses on the upper lip before surgeries, and no calluses were observed after surgeries. 27% of babies before surgeries moved the jaws during breast-feeding, but after surgeries 88% moved the jaws while nursing. White debris was on the dorsum tongue in 70% of babies prior to surgeries. After surgeries, 22% were with debris. 67% of mothers experienced nipple pain before their babies’ surgeries while 6% had pain after the surgeries. Flattened nipples were observed in 55% of mothers before the infants’ surgeries, 7% after surgeries. 23% of mothers had breast pain before the surgeries, and 4% had breast pain after the surgeries. Mastitis was also reduced from 9% to 1% after surgeries. 73% of women had palpable breast masses, and after the surgeries 25% had palpable masses. Summary: Remarkable improvements in breastfeeding and in women’s breasts were achieved after their infants underwent operations for ADEL. These results indicate the necessity of surgical interventions in babies with ADEL for healthy breastfeeding and breasts (279).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10471089,60874039)the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.J50101)
文摘In this paper, a numerical method for solving the optimal control （OC） problems is presented. The method is enlightened by the Chebyshev-Legendre （CL） method for solving the partial differential equations （PDEs）. The Legendre expansions are used to approximate both the control and the state functions. The constraints are discretized over the Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto （CGL） collocation points. A Legendre technique is used to approximate the integral involved in the performance index. The OC problem is changed into an equivalent nonlinear programming problem which is directly solved. The fast Legendre transform is employed to reduce the computation time. Several further illustrative examples demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
