CD4 T helper （Th） cells play critical roles in adaptive immune responses. They recruit and activate other immune cells including B cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils....CD4 T helper （Th） cells play critical roles in adaptive immune responses. They recruit and activate other immune cells including B cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Based on their functions, their pattern of cytokine secretion and their expression of specific transcription factors, Th cells, differentiated from naive CD4 T cells, are classified into four major lineages, Thl, Th2, Th17 and T regulatory （Treg） cells, although other Th lineages may exist. Subsets of the same lineage may express different effector cytokines, reside at different locations or give rise to cells with different fates, whereas cells from different lineages may secrete common cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-9 and IL-10, resulting in massive heterogeneity of the Th cell population. In addition, the pattern of cytokine secretion may switch from that of one lineage toward another under certain circumstances, suggesting that Th cells are plastic. Tregs are also more heterogeneous and plastic than were originally thought. In this review, we summarize recent reports on heterogeneity and plasticity of Th cells, and discuss potential mechanisms and implications of such features that Th cells display.展开更多
类风湿关节炎（RA）是一种以自身免疫紊乱为特征的、发病机制复杂的慢性自身免疫性疾病。越来越多的证据表明,RA的发生发展是诸多淋巴细胞异常作用的结果 ,其中CD4＋T细胞亚群的失衡是导致RA疾病发生发展的重要因素。CD4＋T细胞亚群包...类风湿关节炎（RA）是一种以自身免疫紊乱为特征的、发病机制复杂的慢性自身免疫性疾病。越来越多的证据表明,RA的发生发展是诸多淋巴细胞异常作用的结果 ,其中CD4＋T细胞亚群的失衡是导致RA疾病发生发展的重要因素。CD4＋T细胞亚群包括辅助T细胞（help T cell,Th）和调节T细胞（regulatory T cell,Treg）。展开更多
目的评价补肝益肾活血法治疗中重度斑秃的临床疗效并探究其对患者外周血CD4^+CD25^+调节性T细胞亚群的影响。方法选择中重度斑秃患者50例,根据就诊先后顺序将其随机分为治疗组和对照组各25例,对照组服用复方甘草酸苷片,治疗组给予补肝...目的评价补肝益肾活血法治疗中重度斑秃的临床疗效并探究其对患者外周血CD4^+CD25^+调节性T细胞亚群的影响。方法选择中重度斑秃患者50例,根据就诊先后顺序将其随机分为治疗组和对照组各25例,对照组服用复方甘草酸苷片,治疗组给予补肝益肾活血之剂治疗,观察两组治疗前后斑秃严重程度评分(severity of alopecia tool,SALT)的变化,评价临床疗效,并利用流式细胞仪分析两组患者治疗前后外周血清CD4^+CD25^+调节性T细胞亚群的变化情况。结果两组患者治疗12周后,SALT评分均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05);两组患者治疗前后SALT评分差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组临床疗效的分布比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者血清CD4^+CD25^+调节性T细胞表达水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),但均未达到正常组水平。结论补肝益肾活血法能够有效治疗中重度斑秃,并可以提高患者外周血CD4^+CD25^+调节性T细胞水平,效果优于复方甘草酸苷。展开更多
AIM： The role of the appendix has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis （UC）. The aims of this study were to elucidate the immuno-imbalances in the appendix of UC patients, and to clarify the r...AIM： The role of the appendix has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis （UC）. The aims of this study were to elucidate the immuno-imbalances in the appendix of UC patients, and to clarify the role of the appendix in the development of UC. METHODS： Colonoscopic biopsy specimens of the appendix, transverse colon, and rectum were obtained from 86 patients with UC： active pancolitis （A-Pan; n = 15）, active letf-sided colitis （A-Lt; n = 25）, A-Lt with appendiceal involvement （A-Lt/Ap; n = 10）, inactive pancolitis （I-Pan; n = 14）, and inactive left-sided colitis （I-Lt; n = 22）, and from controls. In the isolated mucosal T cells, the CD4/CD8 ratio and proportion of activated CD4＋ T ceils were investigated, and compared with controls. RESULTS： in the appendix, the CD4/CD8 ratio significantly increased in A-Lt and A-Lt/Ap. The ratio in the appendix also tended to increase in A-Pan. In the rectum, the ratio significantly increased in all UC groups. In the appendix, the proportion of CD4＋CD69＋ （early activation antigen） T cells significantly increased in all UC groups. In the rectum, the proportion of CD4＋CD69＋ T cells significantly increased only in A-Pan. The proportion of CD4＋HLADR＋ （mature activation antigen） T cells significantly increased only in the rectum of A-Pan, but not in the otherareas of any groups. CONCLUSION： The increased CD4/CD8 ratio and predominant infiltration of CD4＋CD69＋ T cells in the appendix suggest that the appendix is a priming site in the development of UC.展开更多
文摘CD4 T helper （Th） cells play critical roles in adaptive immune responses. They recruit and activate other immune cells including B cells, CD8 T cells, macrophages, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Based on their functions, their pattern of cytokine secretion and their expression of specific transcription factors, Th cells, differentiated from naive CD4 T cells, are classified into four major lineages, Thl, Th2, Th17 and T regulatory （Treg） cells, although other Th lineages may exist. Subsets of the same lineage may express different effector cytokines, reside at different locations or give rise to cells with different fates, whereas cells from different lineages may secrete common cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-9 and IL-10, resulting in massive heterogeneity of the Th cell population. In addition, the pattern of cytokine secretion may switch from that of one lineage toward another under certain circumstances, suggesting that Th cells are plastic. Tregs are also more heterogeneous and plastic than were originally thought. In this review, we summarize recent reports on heterogeneity and plasticity of Th cells, and discuss potential mechanisms and implications of such features that Th cells display.
文摘类风湿关节炎（RA）是一种以自身免疫紊乱为特征的、发病机制复杂的慢性自身免疫性疾病。越来越多的证据表明,RA的发生发展是诸多淋巴细胞异常作用的结果 ,其中CD4＋T细胞亚群的失衡是导致RA疾病发生发展的重要因素。CD4＋T细胞亚群包括辅助T细胞（help T cell,Th）和调节T细胞（regulatory T cell,Treg）。
文摘目的评价补肝益肾活血法治疗中重度斑秃的临床疗效并探究其对患者外周血CD4^+CD25^+调节性T细胞亚群的影响。方法选择中重度斑秃患者50例,根据就诊先后顺序将其随机分为治疗组和对照组各25例,对照组服用复方甘草酸苷片,治疗组给予补肝益肾活血之剂治疗,观察两组治疗前后斑秃严重程度评分(severity of alopecia tool,SALT)的变化,评价临床疗效,并利用流式细胞仪分析两组患者治疗前后外周血清CD4^+CD25^+调节性T细胞亚群的变化情况。结果两组患者治疗12周后,SALT评分均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05);两组患者治疗前后SALT评分差值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组临床疗效的分布比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者血清CD4^+CD25^+调节性T细胞表达水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05),但均未达到正常组水平。结论补肝益肾活血法能够有效治疗中重度斑秃,并可以提高患者外周血CD4^+CD25^+调节性T细胞水平,效果优于复方甘草酸苷。
基金Supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from the Ministry of Culture and Science of Japan No. 16560645Grant-in-Aid for "Research for the Future" Program from The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, No. JSPS-RFTF97I00201Supporting in Research Funds from The Japanese Foundation for Research and Promotion of Endoscopy, No. JFE-1997Shimidzu Immunology Foundation, 2000Tenri Foundation for Medical Research, 1997-2000Health and Labour Science Research Grants from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, and Research on Measures for Intractable Disease (Inflammatory Bowel Disease)a Grant from the "The 21st Century Center of Excellence (COE)" Program of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
文摘AIM： The role of the appendix has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis （UC）. The aims of this study were to elucidate the immuno-imbalances in the appendix of UC patients, and to clarify the role of the appendix in the development of UC. METHODS： Colonoscopic biopsy specimens of the appendix, transverse colon, and rectum were obtained from 86 patients with UC： active pancolitis （A-Pan; n = 15）, active letf-sided colitis （A-Lt; n = 25）, A-Lt with appendiceal involvement （A-Lt/Ap; n = 10）, inactive pancolitis （I-Pan; n = 14）, and inactive left-sided colitis （I-Lt; n = 22）, and from controls. In the isolated mucosal T cells, the CD4/CD8 ratio and proportion of activated CD4＋ T ceils were investigated, and compared with controls. RESULTS： in the appendix, the CD4/CD8 ratio significantly increased in A-Lt and A-Lt/Ap. The ratio in the appendix also tended to increase in A-Pan. In the rectum, the ratio significantly increased in all UC groups. In the appendix, the proportion of CD4＋CD69＋ （early activation antigen） T cells significantly increased in all UC groups. In the rectum, the proportion of CD4＋CD69＋ T cells significantly increased only in A-Pan. The proportion of CD4＋HLADR＋ （mature activation antigen） T cells significantly increased only in the rectum of A-Pan, but not in the otherareas of any groups. CONCLUSION： The increased CD4/CD8 ratio and predominant infiltration of CD4＋CD69＋ T cells in the appendix suggest that the appendix is a priming site in the development of UC.
