Background：Pyroptosis is the term for caspase-l-dependent cell death associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines.The role of alveolar macrophage （AM） pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of the acute lung injury and acute...Background：Pyroptosis is the term for caspase-l-dependent cell death associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines.The role of alveolar macrophage （AM） pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of the acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome （ALI/ARDS） remains unclear.Methods：C57BL/6 wild-type mice were assigned to sham,lipopolysaccharide （LPS） ＋ vehicle,LPS ＋ acetyl-tyrosyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-chloromethylketone （Ac-YVAD-CMK） and LPS ＋ Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethylketone groups.Mice were given intraperitoneal （IP） injections of LPS.Drugs were IP injected 1 h before LPS administration.Mice were sacrificed 16 h after LPS administration,and AMs were isolated.Western blot analysis for active caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-3,evaluation of lung injury and a cytokine release analysis were performed.AMs were treated with LPS and adenosine triphosphate （ATP）;caspase-l-dependent cell death was evaluated using flow cytometry;the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain （ASC） pyroptosomes were examined by immunofluorescence.Results：The expression of activated caspase-1 in AMs was enhanced following LPS challenge compared with the sham group.In the ex vivo study,the caspase-1/propidium iodide-positive cells,caspase-1 specks and ASC pyroptosomes were up-regulated in AMs following LPS/ATP stimulation.The specific caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CMK inhibited the activation of caspase-1 and pyroptotic cell death.Ac-YVAD-CMK also reduced the lung injury,pulmonary edema and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）.In addition,Ac-YVAD-CMK significantly inhibited interleukin-β （IL-lβ） release both in serum and BALF and reduced the levels of IL-18,tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）,High Mobility Group Box 1 （HMGB1） in BALF during LPS-induced ALI/ARDS.Conclusions：This study reported AM pyroptosis during LPS-induced ALI/ARDS in mice and has demonstrated that Ac-YVAD-CMK can prevent AM-induced pyroptosis and lung injury.These 展开更多
Inflammation and tumorigenesis are tightly linked pathways impacting cancer development. Inflammasomes are key signalling platforms that detect pathogenic microorganisms, including hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, an...Inflammation and tumorigenesis are tightly linked pathways impacting cancer development. Inflammasomes are key signalling platforms that detect pathogenic microorganisms, including hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, and sterile stressors(oxidative stress, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity) able to activate pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and IL-18. Most of the inflammasome complexes that have been described to date contain a NOD-like receptor sensor molecule. Redox state and autophagy can regulate inflammasome complex and, depending on the conditions, can be either pro-or antiapoptotic. Acute and chronic liver diseases are cytokinedriven diseases as several proinflammatory cytokines(IL-1α, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6) are critically involved in inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis, and cancer development. NLRP3 inflammasome gain of function aggravates liver disease, resulting in severe liver fibrosis and highlighting this pathway in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. On the other hand, HCV infection is the primary catalyst for progressive liver disease and development of liver cancer. It is well established that HCV-induced IL-1β production by hepatic macrophages plays a critical and central process that promotes liver inflammation and disease. In this review, we aim to clarify the role of the inflammasome in the aggravation of liver disease, and how selective blockade of this main pathway may be a useful strategy to delay fibrosis progression in liver diseases.展开更多
AIM： To assess the therapeutic effect of Caspase-1 inhibitors （ICE-I） on acute lung injury （ALI） in experimental severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. METHODS： Forty-two SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups...AIM： To assess the therapeutic effect of Caspase-1 inhibitors （ICE-I） on acute lung injury （ALI） in experimental severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. METHODS： Forty-two SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： healthy controls （HC, n = 6）; SAP-S group （n = 18）; SAP-ICE-i group （n = 18）. SAP was induced by retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate into the bile-pancreatic duct. HC rats underwent the same surgical procedures and duct cannulation without sodium taurocholate infusion, in SAP-S group, rats received the first intraperitoneal injection of isotonic saline 2 h after induction of acute pancreatitis and a repeated injection after 12 h. In SAP-ICE-I group, the rats were firstly given ICE inhibitors intraperitoneally 2 h after induction of pancreatitis. As in SAP-S group, the injection was repeated at 12 h. Serum 1L-1β was measured by EUSA. Intrapulmonary expression of Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The wet/dry weight ratios and histopathological changes of the lungs were also evaluated. RESULTS： Serum IL-1β levels in SAP-S group were 276.77 ± 44.92 pg/mL at 6 h, 308.99 ± 34.95 pg/mL at 12 h, and 311.60 ± 46.51 pg/mL at 18 h, which were increased significantly （P 〈 0.01, vs HC）. in SAP- ICE-I group, those values were decreased significantly （P 〈 0.01, vs SAP-S）. intrapulmonary expression of Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA were observed in the HC group, while they were increased significantly in the SAP-S group （P 〈 0.01, vs HC）. The expression of IL-lβ and IL-18 mRNA were decreased significantly in the SAP- ICE-I group （P 〈 0.01, vs SAP-S）, whereas Caspase-1 mRNA expression had no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The wet/dry weight ratios of the lungs in the SAP-S group were increased significantly （P 〈 0.05 at 6 h, P 〈 0.01 at 12 h and 18 h, vs HC） and they were decreased significantly in the SAP-ICE-I group （P 〈 0.05, vs SAP-S）.Caspase-1 inhibitors ameliorated the severity of展开更多
Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammation-related diseases, and pharmacological molecules targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are of considerable value to ident...Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammation-related diseases, and pharmacological molecules targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are of considerable value to identifying potential therapeutic interventions. Cardamonin(CDN), the major active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Alpinia katsumadai, has exerted an excellent anti-inflammatory activity, but the mechanism underlying this role is not fully understood. Here, we show that CDN blocks canonical and noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggered by multiple stimuli. Moreover, the suppression of CDN on inflammasome activation is specific to NLRP3, not to NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome. Besides, the inhibitory effect is not dependent on the expression of NF-κB-mediated inflammasome precursor proteins. We also demonstrate that CDN suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome through blocking ASC oligomerization and speckle formation in a dose-dependent manner.Importantly, CDN improves the survival of mice suffering from lethal septic shock and attenuates IL-1βproduction induced by LPS in vivo, which is shown to be NLRP3 dependent. In conclusion, our results identify CDN as a broad-spectrum and specific inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome and a candidate therapeutic drug for treating NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.展开更多
基金The author thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81470266）.
文摘Background：Pyroptosis is the term for caspase-l-dependent cell death associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines.The role of alveolar macrophage （AM） pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of the acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome （ALI/ARDS） remains unclear.Methods：C57BL/6 wild-type mice were assigned to sham,lipopolysaccharide （LPS） ＋ vehicle,LPS ＋ acetyl-tyrosyl-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-chloromethylketone （Ac-YVAD-CMK） and LPS ＋ Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethylketone groups.Mice were given intraperitoneal （IP） injections of LPS.Drugs were IP injected 1 h before LPS administration.Mice were sacrificed 16 h after LPS administration,and AMs were isolated.Western blot analysis for active caspase-1 and cleaved caspase-3,evaluation of lung injury and a cytokine release analysis were performed.AMs were treated with LPS and adenosine triphosphate （ATP）;caspase-l-dependent cell death was evaluated using flow cytometry;the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain （ASC） pyroptosomes were examined by immunofluorescence.Results：The expression of activated caspase-1 in AMs was enhanced following LPS challenge compared with the sham group.In the ex vivo study,the caspase-1/propidium iodide-positive cells,caspase-1 specks and ASC pyroptosomes were up-regulated in AMs following LPS/ATP stimulation.The specific caspase-1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CMK inhibited the activation of caspase-1 and pyroptotic cell death.Ac-YVAD-CMK also reduced the lung injury,pulmonary edema and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）.In addition,Ac-YVAD-CMK significantly inhibited interleukin-β （IL-lβ） release both in serum and BALF and reduced the levels of IL-18,tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）,High Mobility Group Box 1 （HMGB1） in BALF during LPS-induced ALI/ARDS.Conclusions：This study reported AM pyroptosis during LPS-induced ALI/ARDS in mice and has demonstrated that Ac-YVAD-CMK can prevent AM-induced pyroptosis and lung injury.These
基金Supported by Andalusian Government,No.PI0892-2012Instituto de Salud Carlos III,PI14/01349 co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)JA Del Campo supported by Nicolás Monardes Program from Servicio Andaluz de Salud(SAS)
文摘Inflammation and tumorigenesis are tightly linked pathways impacting cancer development. Inflammasomes are key signalling platforms that detect pathogenic microorganisms, including hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection, and sterile stressors(oxidative stress, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity) able to activate pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and IL-18. Most of the inflammasome complexes that have been described to date contain a NOD-like receptor sensor molecule. Redox state and autophagy can regulate inflammasome complex and, depending on the conditions, can be either pro-or antiapoptotic. Acute and chronic liver diseases are cytokinedriven diseases as several proinflammatory cytokines(IL-1α, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-6) are critically involved in inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis, and cancer development. NLRP3 inflammasome gain of function aggravates liver disease, resulting in severe liver fibrosis and highlighting this pathway in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. On the other hand, HCV infection is the primary catalyst for progressive liver disease and development of liver cancer. It is well established that HCV-induced IL-1β production by hepatic macrophages plays a critical and central process that promotes liver inflammation and disease. In this review, we aim to clarify the role of the inflammasome in the aggravation of liver disease, and how selective blockade of this main pathway may be a useful strategy to delay fibrosis progression in liver diseases.
文摘AIM： To assess the therapeutic effect of Caspase-1 inhibitors （ICE-I） on acute lung injury （ALI） in experimental severe acute pancreatitis （SAP）. METHODS： Forty-two SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups： healthy controls （HC, n = 6）; SAP-S group （n = 18）; SAP-ICE-i group （n = 18）. SAP was induced by retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate into the bile-pancreatic duct. HC rats underwent the same surgical procedures and duct cannulation without sodium taurocholate infusion, in SAP-S group, rats received the first intraperitoneal injection of isotonic saline 2 h after induction of acute pancreatitis and a repeated injection after 12 h. In SAP-ICE-I group, the rats were firstly given ICE inhibitors intraperitoneally 2 h after induction of pancreatitis. As in SAP-S group, the injection was repeated at 12 h. Serum 1L-1β was measured by EUSA. Intrapulmonary expression of Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The wet/dry weight ratios and histopathological changes of the lungs were also evaluated. RESULTS： Serum IL-1β levels in SAP-S group were 276.77 ± 44.92 pg/mL at 6 h, 308.99 ± 34.95 pg/mL at 12 h, and 311.60 ± 46.51 pg/mL at 18 h, which were increased significantly （P 〈 0.01, vs HC）. in SAP- ICE-I group, those values were decreased significantly （P 〈 0.01, vs SAP-S）. intrapulmonary expression of Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 mRNA were observed in the HC group, while they were increased significantly in the SAP-S group （P 〈 0.01, vs HC）. The expression of IL-lβ and IL-18 mRNA were decreased significantly in the SAP- ICE-I group （P 〈 0.01, vs SAP-S）, whereas Caspase-1 mRNA expression had no significant difference （P 〉 0.05）. The wet/dry weight ratios of the lungs in the SAP-S group were increased significantly （P 〈 0.05 at 6 h, P 〈 0.01 at 12 h and 18 h, vs HC） and they were decreased significantly in the SAP-ICE-I group （P 〈 0.05, vs SAP-S）.Caspase-1 inhibitors ameliorated the severity of
基金supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2017ZX09301022)the National Key Technology R&D Program(No.2015ZX09501-004-001-008)+1 种基金the BeijingNova program(No.Z181100006218001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81630100)
文摘Aberrant activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse inflammation-related diseases, and pharmacological molecules targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are of considerable value to identifying potential therapeutic interventions. Cardamonin(CDN), the major active ingredient of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Alpinia katsumadai, has exerted an excellent anti-inflammatory activity, but the mechanism underlying this role is not fully understood. Here, we show that CDN blocks canonical and noncanonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation triggered by multiple stimuli. Moreover, the suppression of CDN on inflammasome activation is specific to NLRP3, not to NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome. Besides, the inhibitory effect is not dependent on the expression of NF-κB-mediated inflammasome precursor proteins. We also demonstrate that CDN suppresses the NLRP3 inflammasome through blocking ASC oligomerization and speckle formation in a dose-dependent manner.Importantly, CDN improves the survival of mice suffering from lethal septic shock and attenuates IL-1βproduction induced by LPS in vivo, which is shown to be NLRP3 dependent. In conclusion, our results identify CDN as a broad-spectrum and specific inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome and a candidate therapeutic drug for treating NLRP3 inflammasome-driven diseases.
