最早使用太平洋时代(Pacific Age)一词的是一位日本政治经济学家稲垣満次郎(Inagaki Manjirō)稲垣在19世纪80年代末入读剑桥大学,其间师从英国历史学家西莱(John Robert Seeley),在其指导下研究大不列颠帝国对外扩张政策的历史。西莱...最早使用太平洋时代(Pacific Age)一词的是一位日本政治经济学家稲垣満次郎(Inagaki Manjirō)稲垣在19世纪80年代末入读剑桥大学,其间师从英国历史学家西莱(John Robert Seeley),在其指导下研究大不列颠帝国对外扩张政策的历史。西莱曾受德国地理学家卡尔·李特尔(Carl Ritter)的影响。经由稲垣,某种带有19世纪欧洲理想主义色彩的语辞,被引入有关太平洋地区之未来的讨论当中。这过程本身已耐人寻味,那种因不同语境间概念之转化所导致的观察视角之切换似乎更引人入胜。展开更多
The division of organisms on the Tree of Life into either a three-domain(3D)tree or a two-domain(2D)tree has been disputed for a long time.Ever since the discovery of Archaea by Carl Woese in 1977 using 16S ribosomal ...The division of organisms on the Tree of Life into either a three-domain(3D)tree or a two-domain(2D)tree has been disputed for a long time.Ever since the discovery of Archaea by Carl Woese in 1977 using 16S ribosomal RNA sequence as the evolutionary marker,there has been a great advance in our knowledge of not only the growing diversity of Archaea but also the evolutionary relationships between different lineages of living organisms.Here,we present this perspective to summarize the progress of archaeal diversity and changing notion of the Tree of Life.Meanwhile,we provide the latest progress in genomics/physiology-based discovery of Asgard archaeal lineages as the closest relative of Eukaryotes.Furthermore,we propose three major directions for future research on exploring the“next one”closest Eukaryote relative,deciphering the function of archaeal eukaryotic signature proteins and eukaryogenesis from both genomic and physiological aspects,and understanding the roles of horizontal gene transfer,viruses,and mobile elements in eukaryogenesis.展开更多
This article reviews and applies the theories of two of the most prominent post-Napoleonic writers, the Baron de Jomini and Carl yon Clausewitz, to an obscure yet relevant battle in the American Civil War. Civil War c...This article reviews and applies the theories of two of the most prominent post-Napoleonic writers, the Baron de Jomini and Carl yon Clausewitz, to an obscure yet relevant battle in the American Civil War. Civil War commanders were trained in the Napoleonic art of war, and attempted on the battlefield to execute the basic principles of warfare as outlined by Jomini. Despite the best plans and executions of strategy and tactics, frictions in war, as discussed by von Clausewitz, tend to disrupt preparations and affect battle outcomes. The south Louisiana 1862 Battle of Labadieville serves as an ideal case study for fostering this thesis.展开更多
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to test the psychometric properties and validity of the unconditional positive self-regard scale (UPSR) and its two subscales developed by Patterson & Joseph (2006). It als...Objectives: The purpose of this study is to test the psychometric properties and validity of the unconditional positive self-regard scale (UPSR) and its two subscales developed by Patterson & Joseph (2006). It also aims to examine and compare the concepts of UPSR with self-compassion and its relation to mental well-being. Design: Correlation survey design validations of the UPSR scale (Patterson & Joseph, 2006). Methods: The validation was conducted using an undergraduate and postgraduate student opportunity sample, n = 179. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha and inter-item correlations. Convergent and divergent validity was explored in terms of correlations with self-compassion, depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) scales. Results: There was good internal consistency for both the UPSR scale and the self-regard subscale and somewhat questionable internal consistency for the conditionality subscale. Overall the scale appears to be relatively consistent, supporting the previous findings reported by Patterson & Joseph (2006). The results supported the hypothesis that UPSR is positively correlated with a measure of self-compassion and negatively correlated with measures of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7). Conclusions: The UPSR scale is a valid measure of the person-centred concept of unconditional positive self-regard. This supports the potential use of the UPSR scale for evaluating therapeutic change for client-centred practitioners through the use of this non-medicalized tool.展开更多
目的:探讨益肾生精胶囊对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯所致大鼠生殖功能损害的作用机制。方法:以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯制备大鼠生殖功能损害模型;将大鼠分为空白对照组、模型对照组和益肾生精胶囊高、中、低剂量组;益肾生精胶囊高、中、低剂量组大鼠依...目的:探讨益肾生精胶囊对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯所致大鼠生殖功能损害的作用机制。方法:以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯制备大鼠生殖功能损害模型;将大鼠分为空白对照组、模型对照组和益肾生精胶囊高、中、低剂量组;益肾生精胶囊高、中、低剂量组大鼠依次给予0.178,0.089,0.044 g/m L益肾生精胶囊混悬液10μL/g灌胃,空白对照组、模型对照组大鼠给予生理盐水10μL/g灌胃,1 d 1次,连续用药4周。4周后处死各组大鼠,检测睾丸指数、附睾指数和睾丸基因Dzip1、Cat1、Fas、C-jun的表达情况。结果:模型对照组、益肾生精胶囊低剂量组大鼠睾丸指数和附睾指数较空白对照组差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);益肾生精胶囊高剂量组、中剂量组大鼠睾丸指数和附睾指数较模型对照组差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);模型对照组、益肾生精胶囊低剂量组大鼠睾丸指数和附睾指数较益肾生精胶囊高剂量组差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。除益肾生精胶囊高剂量组外,各组大鼠睾丸基因Cat1、C-jun、Fas、Dzip1表达较空白对照组差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);益肾生精胶囊高、中剂量组上述基因表达较模型对照组差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);益肾生精胶囊中、低剂量组上述基因表达较益肾生精胶囊高剂量组差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:邻苯二甲酸二丁酯可致大鼠睾丸与附睾指数下降,基因Cat1和Dzip1表达下调,Cjun、Fas表达上调;益肾生精胶囊可提高大鼠睾丸指数、附睾指数,上调Dzip1和Cat1表达,下调Fas、C-jun表达。展开更多
1乳酸的生产及应用
1．1乳酸的生产
1780年，瑞典化学家Carl Wilhelm Scheele首先发现了乳酸（LA）。乳酸即2-羟基丙酸，纯品为无色液体，工业品为无色到浅黄色液体。乳酸是具有不对称碳原子的最小分子之一，其存在L-乳酸（LLA）和D-...1乳酸的生产及应用
1．1乳酸的生产
1780年，瑞典化学家Carl Wilhelm Scheele首先发现了乳酸（LA）。乳酸即2-羟基丙酸，纯品为无色液体，工业品为无色到浅黄色液体。乳酸是具有不对称碳原子的最小分子之一，其存在L-乳酸（LLA）和D-乳酸（DLA）两种立体异构体，其中L型天然存在于人体之中，人体可以代谢吸收。展开更多
在第二次世界大战结束之后，遭到重创的世界天文馆事业开始恢复和重建。在这个过程中，“东德”的耶拿蔡司公司（VEB Carl Zeiss Jena）发挥了巨大的作用：在20世纪50年代初，它即率先宣布重新恢复大型天象仪的供应，战后的第一批新建...在第二次世界大战结束之后，遭到重创的世界天文馆事业开始恢复和重建。在这个过程中，“东德”的耶拿蔡司公司（VEB Carl Zeiss Jena）发挥了巨大的作用：在20世纪50年代初，它即率先宣布重新恢复大型天象仪的供应，战后的第一批新建的大型天文馆（前苏联斯大林格勒、波兰霍茹夫，中国北京），展开更多
2006年6月27日，一场有关数字创新的“特殊”高峰对话在上海古象酒店的会议室内展开，而对话双方则是Autodesk公司全球CEO Carl Bass先生和来自制造企业、学界的十几位嘉宾。多家媒体的记者也受到了Autodesk公司的邀请，饶有兴致地旁听...2006年6月27日，一场有关数字创新的“特殊”高峰对话在上海古象酒店的会议室内展开，而对话双方则是Autodesk公司全球CEO Carl Bass先生和来自制造企业、学界的十几位嘉宾。多家媒体的记者也受到了Autodesk公司的邀请，饶有兴致地旁听了这场优雅的“论战”。在论战热身阶段，CarlBass先生发表的演讲以及随后安排的概念设计技术产品演示，似乎表明此次活动是Autodesk公司收购Alias之后，打出的一张“创意工业”牌。展开更多
As a prominent journalist and entrepreneur living in Shanghai from 1911 to 1937,the“China Hand”Carl Crow(1884-1945)wrote a lot of works on Chinese newspapers,business,religion and culture.His advertising agency Carl...As a prominent journalist and entrepreneur living in Shanghai from 1911 to 1937,the“China Hand”Carl Crow(1884-1945)wrote a lot of works on Chinese newspapers,business,religion and culture.His advertising agency Carl Crow,Inc.published four editions of Newspaper Directory of China in the year of 1921,1931,1932 and 1935 respectively,and the most popular was the edition of 1935,which had a positive impact on the commercialization and development of the China’s newspaper industry.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.92251306,32225003,31970105,and 92051102)the Innovation Team Project of Universities in Guangdong Province(No.2020KCXTD023)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20200109105010363)This work was partially funded by the US-National Science Foundation grants OCE-2049478 and DBI-2047598 to K.A.
文摘The division of organisms on the Tree of Life into either a three-domain(3D)tree or a two-domain(2D)tree has been disputed for a long time.Ever since the discovery of Archaea by Carl Woese in 1977 using 16S ribosomal RNA sequence as the evolutionary marker,there has been a great advance in our knowledge of not only the growing diversity of Archaea but also the evolutionary relationships between different lineages of living organisms.Here,we present this perspective to summarize the progress of archaeal diversity and changing notion of the Tree of Life.Meanwhile,we provide the latest progress in genomics/physiology-based discovery of Asgard archaeal lineages as the closest relative of Eukaryotes.Furthermore,we propose three major directions for future research on exploring the“next one”closest Eukaryote relative,deciphering the function of archaeal eukaryotic signature proteins and eukaryogenesis from both genomic and physiological aspects,and understanding the roles of horizontal gene transfer,viruses,and mobile elements in eukaryogenesis.
文摘This article reviews and applies the theories of two of the most prominent post-Napoleonic writers, the Baron de Jomini and Carl yon Clausewitz, to an obscure yet relevant battle in the American Civil War. Civil War commanders were trained in the Napoleonic art of war, and attempted on the battlefield to execute the basic principles of warfare as outlined by Jomini. Despite the best plans and executions of strategy and tactics, frictions in war, as discussed by von Clausewitz, tend to disrupt preparations and affect battle outcomes. The south Louisiana 1862 Battle of Labadieville serves as an ideal case study for fostering this thesis.
文摘Objectives: The purpose of this study is to test the psychometric properties and validity of the unconditional positive self-regard scale (UPSR) and its two subscales developed by Patterson & Joseph (2006). It also aims to examine and compare the concepts of UPSR with self-compassion and its relation to mental well-being. Design: Correlation survey design validations of the UPSR scale (Patterson & Joseph, 2006). Methods: The validation was conducted using an undergraduate and postgraduate student opportunity sample, n = 179. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha and inter-item correlations. Convergent and divergent validity was explored in terms of correlations with self-compassion, depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) scales. Results: There was good internal consistency for both the UPSR scale and the self-regard subscale and somewhat questionable internal consistency for the conditionality subscale. Overall the scale appears to be relatively consistent, supporting the previous findings reported by Patterson & Joseph (2006). The results supported the hypothesis that UPSR is positively correlated with a measure of self-compassion and negatively correlated with measures of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7). Conclusions: The UPSR scale is a valid measure of the person-centred concept of unconditional positive self-regard. This supports the potential use of the UPSR scale for evaluating therapeutic change for client-centred practitioners through the use of this non-medicalized tool.
文摘目的:探讨益肾生精胶囊对邻苯二甲酸二丁酯所致大鼠生殖功能损害的作用机制。方法:以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯制备大鼠生殖功能损害模型;将大鼠分为空白对照组、模型对照组和益肾生精胶囊高、中、低剂量组;益肾生精胶囊高、中、低剂量组大鼠依次给予0.178,0.089,0.044 g/m L益肾生精胶囊混悬液10μL/g灌胃,空白对照组、模型对照组大鼠给予生理盐水10μL/g灌胃,1 d 1次,连续用药4周。4周后处死各组大鼠,检测睾丸指数、附睾指数和睾丸基因Dzip1、Cat1、Fas、C-jun的表达情况。结果:模型对照组、益肾生精胶囊低剂量组大鼠睾丸指数和附睾指数较空白对照组差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);益肾生精胶囊高剂量组、中剂量组大鼠睾丸指数和附睾指数较模型对照组差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);模型对照组、益肾生精胶囊低剂量组大鼠睾丸指数和附睾指数较益肾生精胶囊高剂量组差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。除益肾生精胶囊高剂量组外,各组大鼠睾丸基因Cat1、C-jun、Fas、Dzip1表达较空白对照组差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);益肾生精胶囊高、中剂量组上述基因表达较模型对照组差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);益肾生精胶囊中、低剂量组上述基因表达较益肾生精胶囊高剂量组差别有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:邻苯二甲酸二丁酯可致大鼠睾丸与附睾指数下降,基因Cat1和Dzip1表达下调,Cjun、Fas表达上调;益肾生精胶囊可提高大鼠睾丸指数、附睾指数,上调Dzip1和Cat1表达,下调Fas、C-jun表达。
文摘1乳酸的生产及应用
1．1乳酸的生产
1780年，瑞典化学家Carl Wilhelm Scheele首先发现了乳酸（LA）。乳酸即2-羟基丙酸，纯品为无色液体，工业品为无色到浅黄色液体。乳酸是具有不对称碳原子的最小分子之一，其存在L-乳酸（LLA）和D-乳酸（DLA）两种立体异构体，其中L型天然存在于人体之中，人体可以代谢吸收。
文摘2006年6月27日，一场有关数字创新的“特殊”高峰对话在上海古象酒店的会议室内展开，而对话双方则是Autodesk公司全球CEO Carl Bass先生和来自制造企业、学界的十几位嘉宾。多家媒体的记者也受到了Autodesk公司的邀请，饶有兴致地旁听了这场优雅的“论战”。在论战热身阶段，CarlBass先生发表的演讲以及随后安排的概念设计技术产品演示，似乎表明此次活动是Autodesk公司收购Alias之后，打出的一张“创意工业”牌。
文摘As a prominent journalist and entrepreneur living in Shanghai from 1911 to 1937,the“China Hand”Carl Crow(1884-1945)wrote a lot of works on Chinese newspapers,business,religion and culture.His advertising agency Carl Crow,Inc.published four editions of Newspaper Directory of China in the year of 1921,1931,1932 and 1935 respectively,and the most popular was the edition of 1935,which had a positive impact on the commercialization and development of the China’s newspaper industry.
