13C of 367 C3 herbaceous plants was measured in loess area in northern China. Their δ13C values vary between ?21.7%. and ?30.0%., with a mean of ?26.7%.. In the center of Loess Plateau (semimoist area) with annual pr...13C of 367 C3 herbaceous plants was measured in loess area in northern China. Their δ13C values vary between ?21.7%. and ?30.0%., with a mean of ?26.7%.. In the center of Loess Plateau (semimoist area) with annual precipitation of 400–600 mm, the δ13 C values of C3 herbaceous plants range from ?24.4%. to ?28.5%., with a mean of ?27.5%.. In the west of Loess Plateau (semiarid and arid area) with annual precipitation less than 400 mm, they range between ?21.7%. and ?30.0%., with a mean of ?26.2%.. Annual precipitation is the main factor that makes δ13C values of C3 herbaceous plants in the west greater than those in the central Loess Plateau. The composition of δ13C in C3 plants increases with deceasing annual precipitation, and the mean change is ?49%./100 mm.展开更多
目的：探讨IgA肾病患者的临床表现与病理特征之间的相关性。方法对陕西省中医院肾病科2008年1月至2012年12月间确诊为原发性 IgA肾病的300例患者的临床病理资料进行研究分析。结果①中青年组发病比例最高（90%）；各年龄段均以血尿、蛋...目的：探讨IgA肾病患者的临床表现与病理特征之间的相关性。方法对陕西省中医院肾病科2008年1月至2012年12月间确诊为原发性 IgA肾病的300例患者的临床病理资料进行研究分析。结果①中青年组发病比例最高（90%）；各年龄段均以血尿、蛋白尿为主要临床表现。高血压、肾功异常在≥60岁组发生率最高,分别为29.3%和28%。②免疫荧光IgA＋IgM病理类型所占比例最高（36%）,其次为单纯性IgA（29.7%）、IgA＋IgM＋IgG（17.7%）、IgA＋IgG（16.7%）。Ⅰ~Ⅲ级分型中免疫荧光单纯 IgA所占比例最高；在 IV 和Ⅴ级中以 IgA＋IgM沉积所占比例最高,分别为45.5%、81.8%。所有 IgA 肾病中表现为 C3沉积的比例较高,为63.3%。③肾组织病理改变分级以Lee分级Ⅰ~Ⅳ为主,占96.3%。Ⅰ~Ⅴ级病理改变的临床表现均以血尿、蛋白尿为主,相比其他临床表现更多见（P＜0.05）,各病理分级中血尿、蛋白尿、血尿合并蛋白尿、高血压发生率无显著性差异,而肾功能异常的比例以Ⅴ级为著,其差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。④Ⅰ~Ⅴ级病理改变中尿 RBC、尿蛋白异常所占比例无显著差异；病理类型Ⅳ级血清中C3下降最显著（P＜0.05）；病理类型Ⅴ级病例血清中 IgA 升高的比例最低,其差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。而血清中肌酐异常的比例随着病理类型分级的升高,呈逐渐上升趋势,以病理类型Ⅴ级血清肌酐异常的比例最高。结论 IgA肾病具有临床表现、病理改变多样化等特点,IgA 肾病血尿、蛋白尿和高血压的发生率与病理分级无相关性,但随着病理分级的升高,肾功能异常的发生率增高。展开更多
Background Tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis is the common end point of progressive kidney diseases, and tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation （TEMT） plays a key role in the progress of tubulointerst...Background Tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis is the common end point of progressive kidney diseases, and tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation （TEMT） plays a key role in the progress of tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis. Anaphylatoxin C3a and C5a are identified as novel profibrotic factors in renal disease and as potential new therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to investigate whether C3a, C5a can regulate TEMT by transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）/connective tissue growth factor （CTGF） signaling pathway and the effects of C3a and C5a receptor antagonists （C3aRA and C5aRA） on C3α- and C5α-induced TEMT. Methods HK-2 cells were divided into C3a and C5a groups which were subdivided into four subgroups： control group, 10 ng/ml TGF-I31 group, 50 nmol/L C3a group, 50 nmol/L C3a plus 1 pmol/L C3aRA group; control group, 10 ng/ml TGF-I^I group, 50 nmol/L C5a group, 50 nmol/L C5a plus 2.5 pmol/L C5aRA group. TGF-β1 receptor antagonist （TGF-β1 RA） 10 IJg/ml was used to investigate the mechanism of C3α- and C5α-induced TEMT. Electron microscopy was used to observe the morphological changes. Immunocytochemistry staining, real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of a smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）, E-cadherin, Col-I, C3a receptor （C3aR）, C5aR, CTGF and TGF-β1. Results HK-2 cells cultured with C3a and C5a for 72 hours exhibited strong staining of α-SMA, lost the positive staining of E-cadherin, and showed a slightly spindle-like shape and loss of microvilli on the cell surface. The expressions of α-SMA, E-cadherin, Col-I, C3aR, C5aR, TGF-β1 and CTGF in C3α- and C5α-treated groups were higher than normal control group （P 〈0.05）. C3aRA and C5aRA inhibited the expressions of α-SMA, Col-I, C3aR, C5aR, and up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin （P 〈0.05）. TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA expressions induced by C3a and C5a were partly blocked by TGF-β1 RA （P 〈0.05）. Conclusion C3a and C5a can induce TEMT via the up-regu展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40072059,40273006 , 49894174).
文摘13C of 367 C3 herbaceous plants was measured in loess area in northern China. Their δ13C values vary between ?21.7%. and ?30.0%., with a mean of ?26.7%.. In the center of Loess Plateau (semimoist area) with annual precipitation of 400–600 mm, the δ13 C values of C3 herbaceous plants range from ?24.4%. to ?28.5%., with a mean of ?27.5%.. In the west of Loess Plateau (semiarid and arid area) with annual precipitation less than 400 mm, they range between ?21.7%. and ?30.0%., with a mean of ?26.2%.. Annual precipitation is the main factor that makes δ13C values of C3 herbaceous plants in the west greater than those in the central Loess Plateau. The composition of δ13C in C3 plants increases with deceasing annual precipitation, and the mean change is ?49%./100 mm.
文摘目的：探讨IgA肾病患者的临床表现与病理特征之间的相关性。方法对陕西省中医院肾病科2008年1月至2012年12月间确诊为原发性 IgA肾病的300例患者的临床病理资料进行研究分析。结果①中青年组发病比例最高（90%）；各年龄段均以血尿、蛋白尿为主要临床表现。高血压、肾功异常在≥60岁组发生率最高,分别为29.3%和28%。②免疫荧光IgA＋IgM病理类型所占比例最高（36%）,其次为单纯性IgA（29.7%）、IgA＋IgM＋IgG（17.7%）、IgA＋IgG（16.7%）。Ⅰ~Ⅲ级分型中免疫荧光单纯 IgA所占比例最高；在 IV 和Ⅴ级中以 IgA＋IgM沉积所占比例最高,分别为45.5%、81.8%。所有 IgA 肾病中表现为 C3沉积的比例较高,为63.3%。③肾组织病理改变分级以Lee分级Ⅰ~Ⅳ为主,占96.3%。Ⅰ~Ⅴ级病理改变的临床表现均以血尿、蛋白尿为主,相比其他临床表现更多见（P＜0.05）,各病理分级中血尿、蛋白尿、血尿合并蛋白尿、高血压发生率无显著性差异,而肾功能异常的比例以Ⅴ级为著,其差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。④Ⅰ~Ⅴ级病理改变中尿 RBC、尿蛋白异常所占比例无显著差异；病理类型Ⅳ级血清中C3下降最显著（P＜0.05）；病理类型Ⅴ级病例血清中 IgA 升高的比例最低,其差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。而血清中肌酐异常的比例随着病理类型分级的升高,呈逐渐上升趋势,以病理类型Ⅴ级血清肌酐异常的比例最高。结论 IgA肾病具有临床表现、病理改变多样化等特点,IgA 肾病血尿、蛋白尿和高血压的发生率与病理分级无相关性,但随着病理分级的升高,肾功能异常的发生率增高。
基金This research was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China，the Science and Technology Research Projects of Sichuan Province
文摘Background Tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis is the common end point of progressive kidney diseases, and tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation （TEMT） plays a key role in the progress of tubulointerstitial renal fibrosis. Anaphylatoxin C3a and C5a are identified as novel profibrotic factors in renal disease and as potential new therapeutic targets. The aim of this study was to investigate whether C3a, C5a can regulate TEMT by transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1）/connective tissue growth factor （CTGF） signaling pathway and the effects of C3a and C5a receptor antagonists （C3aRA and C5aRA） on C3α- and C5α-induced TEMT. Methods HK-2 cells were divided into C3a and C5a groups which were subdivided into four subgroups： control group, 10 ng/ml TGF-I31 group, 50 nmol/L C3a group, 50 nmol/L C3a plus 1 pmol/L C3aRA group; control group, 10 ng/ml TGF-I^I group, 50 nmol/L C5a group, 50 nmol/L C5a plus 2.5 pmol/L C5aRA group. TGF-β1 receptor antagonist （TGF-β1 RA） 10 IJg/ml was used to investigate the mechanism of C3α- and C5α-induced TEMT. Electron microscopy was used to observe the morphological changes. Immunocytochemistry staining, real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of a smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）, E-cadherin, Col-I, C3a receptor （C3aR）, C5aR, CTGF and TGF-β1. Results HK-2 cells cultured with C3a and C5a for 72 hours exhibited strong staining of α-SMA, lost the positive staining of E-cadherin, and showed a slightly spindle-like shape and loss of microvilli on the cell surface. The expressions of α-SMA, E-cadherin, Col-I, C3aR, C5aR, TGF-β1 and CTGF in C3α- and C5α-treated groups were higher than normal control group （P 〈0.05）. C3aRA and C5aRA inhibited the expressions of α-SMA, Col-I, C3aR, C5aR, and up-regulated the expression of E-cadherin （P 〈0.05）. TGF-β1 and CTGF mRNA expressions induced by C3a and C5a were partly blocked by TGF-β1 RA （P 〈0.05）. Conclusion C3a and C5a can induce TEMT via the up-regu
