Fresh fruits are susceptible to bruising, a common type of mechanical damage during harvest and at all stages of postharvest handling. In quest of developing and adoption of strategies to reduce bruise damage, it is o...Fresh fruits are susceptible to bruising, a common type of mechanical damage during harvest and at all stages of postharvest handling. In quest of developing and adoption of strategies to reduce bruise damage, it is of utmost importance to understand major factors influencing bruise susceptibility of fresh produce at these stages. This review presents a critical discussion of factors affecting bruising during harvest and postharvest handling of fresh fruits. Excessive compression forces during harvesting by handpicking or machines, and a series of impacts during harvesting, transport and packhouse operations can cause severe bruise damage. The review has further revealed that bruising is dependent on a number of other factors such as produce maturity, ripening, harvest time(during the day or season) and time lapse after harvest. The susceptibility to bruising is partly dependent on how these factors alter the produce physiological and biochemical properties, and the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and several other postharvest treatments. Hence, the successful applications of harvesting techniques by use of trained personnel and proper harvesting equipment are essential to reduce both the incidence and severity of bruising.Furthermore, the careful selection of postharvest handling temperature and other treatments can increase resistance of fresh produce to bruise damage.展开更多
Impact bruise damage and quality of‘Gim Ju’guava were investigated for different drop heights and number of drops using fractal image analysis.For the impact test,a stainless-steel metal ball(250 g)was dropped on fr...Impact bruise damage and quality of‘Gim Ju’guava were investigated for different drop heights and number of drops using fractal image analysis.For the impact test,a stainless-steel metal ball(250 g)was dropped on fruit from three drop heights(0,0.3,0.6 m)either once or five times.Fruit quality was evaluated for impact energy,bruise area(BA),bruise volume(BV),bruise susceptibility,bruise score and pulp color(L*,a*,b*and C values).The fractal dimension(FD)value using fractal image analysis was analyzed at the bruise region.Results showed that five drops(0.3 m)with a high impact energy(3678.75 J)and a single drop(0.6 m)with a low impact energy(1471.50 J)exhibited no significant in BA,BV,bruise score as well as all color values(L*,a*,b*and C).While the FD value of a single drop from 0.6 m had a higher FD value than that of five drops from 0.3 m.It is indicated that FD exhibited a better performance to classify impact bruising level of guava than BA,BV and color parameters.The FD value gradually decreased with increase of storage time and bruise severity.The correlation coefficient(r)values of FD(r=−0.794 and−0.745)between BA and BV were more significant than those L*(r=−0.660 and−0.615)and a*(r=0.579 and 0.473).The coefficient of determination(R^(2))of the polynomial equation in bruised fruit(R^(2)=0.85 to 0.99)was greater than the control(no bruise)(R^(2)=0.80).A higher R^(2)val(0.88 and 0.92)was exhibited at five drops.Interestingly,FD analysis showed greater potential than color measurement to assess bruise impact damage in guava.展开更多
目的探讨品管圈(quality control circle,QCC)活动在降低新生儿桡动脉穿刺皮下血肿淤青率中的应用效果。方法南京医科大学附属江宁医院新生儿科于2023年5—10月开展以“降低新生儿桡动脉穿刺皮下血肿淤青率”为主题的QCC活动。选取QCC...目的探讨品管圈(quality control circle,QCC)活动在降低新生儿桡动脉穿刺皮下血肿淤青率中的应用效果。方法南京医科大学附属江宁医院新生儿科于2023年5—10月开展以“降低新生儿桡动脉穿刺皮下血肿淤青率”为主题的QCC活动。选取QCC活动前,即2023年5月5—23日新生儿科住院患儿(n=41)进行桡动脉穿刺52次作为对照组,分析桡动脉穿刺皮下血肿淤青发生率现状,进行原因分析并制定对策。选取QCC活动后即2023年9月9—27日新生儿科住院患儿(n=42)进行桡动脉穿刺52次作为试验组,进行效果确认,计算目标达成率和进步率,标准化持续实施。结果试验组桡动脉穿刺患儿皮下血肿淤青率为21.15%,低于对照组的50.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。目标达成率为101.94%,进步率为57.70%。QCC实施后,圈员QCC手法的运用、团队精神、沟通协调能力、活动信心、责任荣誉、积极性均有一定程度提升。结论QCC活动可降低新生儿桡动脉穿刺皮下血肿淤青发生率,提高圈员综合能力。展开更多
Bruising reduces the edibility and marketability of fresh apples,inevitably causing economic losses for the apple industry.However,bruises lack obvious visual symptoms,which makes it challenging to detect them using i...Bruising reduces the edibility and marketability of fresh apples,inevitably causing economic losses for the apple industry.However,bruises lack obvious visual symptoms,which makes it challenging to detect them using imaging techniques with uniform or diffuse illumination.This study employed the structured light imaging(SLI)technique to detect apple bruises.First,the grayscale reflection images were captured under phase-shifted sinusoidal illumination at three different wavelengths(600,650,and 700 nm)and six different spatial frequencies(0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,and 0.30 cycles mm−1).Next,the grayscale reflectance images were demodulated to produce direct component(DC)images representing uniform diffuse illumination and amplitude component(AC)images revealing bruises.Then,by quantifying the contrast between bruised regions and sound regions in all AC images,it was found that bruises exhibited the optimal contrast when subjected to sinusoidal illumination at a wavelength of 700 nm and a spatial frequency of 0.25 mm−1.In the AC image with optimal contrast,the developed h-domes segmentation algorithm to accurately segment the location and range of the bruised regions.Moreover,the algorithm successfully accomplished the task of segmenting central bruised regions while addressing the challenge of segmenting edge bruised regions complicated by vignetting.The average Intersection over Union(IoU)values for the three types of bruises were 0.9422,0.9231,and 0.9183,respectively.This result demonstrated that the combination of SLI and the h-domes segmentation algorithm was a viable approach for the effective detection of fresh apple bruises.展开更多
基金supported by the South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology and National Research Foundation
文摘Fresh fruits are susceptible to bruising, a common type of mechanical damage during harvest and at all stages of postharvest handling. In quest of developing and adoption of strategies to reduce bruise damage, it is of utmost importance to understand major factors influencing bruise susceptibility of fresh produce at these stages. This review presents a critical discussion of factors affecting bruising during harvest and postharvest handling of fresh fruits. Excessive compression forces during harvesting by handpicking or machines, and a series of impacts during harvesting, transport and packhouse operations can cause severe bruise damage. The review has further revealed that bruising is dependent on a number of other factors such as produce maturity, ripening, harvest time(during the day or season) and time lapse after harvest. The susceptibility to bruising is partly dependent on how these factors alter the produce physiological and biochemical properties, and the environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and several other postharvest treatments. Hence, the successful applications of harvesting techniques by use of trained personnel and proper harvesting equipment are essential to reduce both the incidence and severity of bruising.Furthermore, the careful selection of postharvest handling temperature and other treatments can increase resistance of fresh produce to bruise damage.
文摘Impact bruise damage and quality of‘Gim Ju’guava were investigated for different drop heights and number of drops using fractal image analysis.For the impact test,a stainless-steel metal ball(250 g)was dropped on fruit from three drop heights(0,0.3,0.6 m)either once or five times.Fruit quality was evaluated for impact energy,bruise area(BA),bruise volume(BV),bruise susceptibility,bruise score and pulp color(L*,a*,b*and C values).The fractal dimension(FD)value using fractal image analysis was analyzed at the bruise region.Results showed that five drops(0.3 m)with a high impact energy(3678.75 J)and a single drop(0.6 m)with a low impact energy(1471.50 J)exhibited no significant in BA,BV,bruise score as well as all color values(L*,a*,b*and C).While the FD value of a single drop from 0.6 m had a higher FD value than that of five drops from 0.3 m.It is indicated that FD exhibited a better performance to classify impact bruising level of guava than BA,BV and color parameters.The FD value gradually decreased with increase of storage time and bruise severity.The correlation coefficient(r)values of FD(r=−0.794 and−0.745)between BA and BV were more significant than those L*(r=−0.660 and−0.615)and a*(r=0.579 and 0.473).The coefficient of determination(R^(2))of the polynomial equation in bruised fruit(R^(2)=0.85 to 0.99)was greater than the control(no bruise)(R^(2)=0.80).A higher R^(2)val(0.88 and 0.92)was exhibited at five drops.Interestingly,FD analysis showed greater potential than color measurement to assess bruise impact damage in guava.
文摘目的探讨品管圈(quality control circle,QCC)活动在降低新生儿桡动脉穿刺皮下血肿淤青率中的应用效果。方法南京医科大学附属江宁医院新生儿科于2023年5—10月开展以“降低新生儿桡动脉穿刺皮下血肿淤青率”为主题的QCC活动。选取QCC活动前,即2023年5月5—23日新生儿科住院患儿(n=41)进行桡动脉穿刺52次作为对照组,分析桡动脉穿刺皮下血肿淤青发生率现状,进行原因分析并制定对策。选取QCC活动后即2023年9月9—27日新生儿科住院患儿(n=42)进行桡动脉穿刺52次作为试验组,进行效果确认,计算目标达成率和进步率,标准化持续实施。结果试验组桡动脉穿刺患儿皮下血肿淤青率为21.15%,低于对照组的50.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。目标达成率为101.94%,进步率为57.70%。QCC实施后,圈员QCC手法的运用、团队精神、沟通协调能力、活动信心、责任荣誉、积极性均有一定程度提升。结论QCC活动可降低新生儿桡动脉穿刺皮下血肿淤青发生率,提高圈员综合能力。
基金Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2308085ME169)University Science Research Project of Anhui Province(2022AH040125,2022AH050872)Postgraduate Education Quality Project of Anhui Province(2022xscx051).
文摘Bruising reduces the edibility and marketability of fresh apples,inevitably causing economic losses for the apple industry.However,bruises lack obvious visual symptoms,which makes it challenging to detect them using imaging techniques with uniform or diffuse illumination.This study employed the structured light imaging(SLI)technique to detect apple bruises.First,the grayscale reflection images were captured under phase-shifted sinusoidal illumination at three different wavelengths(600,650,and 700 nm)and six different spatial frequencies(0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.25,and 0.30 cycles mm−1).Next,the grayscale reflectance images were demodulated to produce direct component(DC)images representing uniform diffuse illumination and amplitude component(AC)images revealing bruises.Then,by quantifying the contrast between bruised regions and sound regions in all AC images,it was found that bruises exhibited the optimal contrast when subjected to sinusoidal illumination at a wavelength of 700 nm and a spatial frequency of 0.25 mm−1.In the AC image with optimal contrast,the developed h-domes segmentation algorithm to accurately segment the location and range of the bruised regions.Moreover,the algorithm successfully accomplished the task of segmenting central bruised regions while addressing the challenge of segmenting edge bruised regions complicated by vignetting.The average Intersection over Union(IoU)values for the three types of bruises were 0.9422,0.9231,and 0.9183,respectively.This result demonstrated that the combination of SLI and the h-domes segmentation algorithm was a viable approach for the effective detection of fresh apple bruises.
