AIM:To analyze whether high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) ablation is an effective bridging therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:From January 2007 to December 2010,49 consecutive HCC pa...AIM:To analyze whether high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) ablation is an effective bridging therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:From January 2007 to December 2010,49 consecutive HCC patients were listed for liver transplantation(UCSF criteria).The median waiting time for transplantation was 9.5 mo.Twenty-nine patients received transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) as a bringing therapy and 16 patients received no treatment before transplantation.Five patients received HIFU ablation as a bridging therapy.Another five patients with the same tumor staging(within the UCSF criteria) who received HIFU ablation but not on the transplant list were included for comparison.Patients were comparable in terms of Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores,tumor size and number,and cause of cirrhosis.RESULTS:The HIFU group and TACE group showed no difference in terms of tumor size and tumor number.One patient in the HIFU group and no patient in the TACE group had gross ascites.The median hospital stay was 1 d(range,1-21 d) in the TACE group and two days(range,1-9 d) in the HIFU group(P < 0.000).No HIFU-related complication occurred.In the HIFU group,nine patients(90%) had complete response and one patient(10%) had partial response to the treatment.In the TACE group,only one patient(3%) had response to the treatment while 14 patients(48%) had stable disease and 14 patients(48%) had progressive disease(P = 0.00).Seven patients in the TACE group and no patient in the HIFU group dropped out from the transplant waiting list(P = 0.559).CONCLUSION:HIFU ablation is safe and effective in the treatment of HCC for patients with advanced cirrhosis.It may reduce the drop-out rate of liver transplant candidate.展开更多
目的比较急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中直接机械取栓与桥接治疗的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性收集自2016年3月至2017年7月在浙江省人民医院神经内科行机械取栓的146例急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中患者的临床资料，其中行直接机械取栓85...目的比较急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中直接机械取栓与桥接治疗的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性收集自2016年3月至2017年7月在浙江省人民医院神经内科行机械取栓的146例急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中患者的临床资料，其中行直接机械取栓85例、行桥接治疗61例，比较直接机械取栓组和桥接治疗组患者基线资料、诊治情况、并发症和临床预后等的差异。结果直接机械取栓组和桥接治疗组的年龄、性别比例、基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、高血压病比例、糖尿病比例、心房颤动比例、基线血糖水平、血小板计数、肌酐水平、基线收缩压、脑卒中病因、闭塞部位、麻醉方式比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）；直接机械取栓组和桥接治疗组的到院至影像学检查时间、到院至动脉穿刺时间、动脉穿刺至血管再通时间、到院至血管再通时间比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）；直接机械取栓组和桥接治疗组的成功再灌注率（91.8% vs. 95.1%）、症状性颅内出血率（11.8% vs. 21.3%）、治疗后90 d预后良好率（41.2% vs. 47.5%）、死亡率（20.0% vs. 18.0%）比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论对于急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中，直接机械取栓具有与桥接治疗相似的疗效及安全性。展开更多
High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)is a noninvasive modality that uses an extracorporeal source of focused ultrasound energy.This technique was introduced by Lynn et al and is able to induce coagulative necrosis i...High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)is a noninvasive modality that uses an extracorporeal source of focused ultrasound energy.This technique was introduced by Lynn et al and is able to induce coagulative necrosis in selected tissues without damaging adjacent structures.Although HIFU has been studied for 50years,recent technological developments now allow its use for tumours of the liver,prostate and other sites.In liver disease,HIFU has been used to treat unresectable,advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and liver metastases.Hepatocellular carcinoma is a serious health problem worldwide and is endemic in some areas because of its association with hepatitis B and C viruses(in 20%of cases).Liver transplantation(LT)has become one of the best treatments available because it removes both the tumour and the underlying liver disease such as cirrhosis(which is present in approximately 80%of cases).The prerequisite for longterm transplant success depends on tumour load and strict selection criteria regarding the size and number of tumour nodules.The need to obtain the optimal benefit from the limited number of organs available has prompted strict selection criteria limited to only those patients with early HCC who have a better long-term outcome after LT.The so-called"bridging therapy"has the aim of controlling disease burden for patients who are on the organ transplant waiting list.Amongst various treatment options,transarterial chemoembolisation and radiofrequency ablation are the most popular treatment choices.Recently,Cheung et al demonstrated that HIFU ablation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of HCC patients with advanced cirrhosis as a bridging therapy and that it reduced the dropout rate from the liver transplant waiting list.In this commentary,we discuss the current value of HIFU in the treatment of liver disease,including its value as a bridging therapy,and examine the potential advantages of other therapeutic strategies.展开更多
The aim of liver transplantation(LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is to ensure a rate of disease-free survival similar to that of patients transplanted due to benign disease. Therefore, we are forced to adopt str...The aim of liver transplantation(LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is to ensure a rate of disease-free survival similar to that of patients transplanted due to benign disease. Therefore, we are forced to adopt strict criteria when selecting candidates for LT and prioritizing patients on the waiting list(WL), to have clarified indications for bridging therapy for groups at risk for progression or recurrence, and to establish certain limits for downstaging therapies. Although the Milan criteria(MC) remain the standard and most employed criteria for indication of HCC patients for LT by far, in the coming years, criteria will be consolidated that take into account not only data regarding the size/volume and number of tumors but also their biology. This criteria will mainly include the alpha fetoprotein(AFP) values and, in view of their wide variability, any of the published logarithmic models for the selection of candidates for LT. Bridging therapy is necessary for HCC patients on the WL who meet the MC and have the possibility of experiencing a delay for LT greater than 6 mo or any of the known risk factors for recurrence. It is difficult to define single AFP values that would indicate bridging therapy(200, 300 or 400 ng/m L); therefore, it is preferable to rely on the criteria of a French AFP model score > 2. Other single indications for bridging therapy include a tumor diameter greater than 3 cm, more than one tumor, and having an AFP slope greater than 15 ng/m L per month or > 50 ng/m L for three months during strict monitoring while on the WL. When considering the inclusion of patients on the WL who do not meet the MC, it is mandatory to determine their eligibility for downstaging therapy prior to inclusion. The upper limit for this therapy could be one lesion up to 8 cm, 2-3 lesions with a total tumor diameter up to 8 cm, or a total tumor volume of 115 cm^3. Lastly, liver allocation and the prioritization of patients with HCC onthe WL should take into account the recently described HCC model for end-stage l展开更多
文摘AIM:To analyze whether high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU) ablation is an effective bridging therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:From January 2007 to December 2010,49 consecutive HCC patients were listed for liver transplantation(UCSF criteria).The median waiting time for transplantation was 9.5 mo.Twenty-nine patients received transarterial chemoembolization(TACE) as a bringing therapy and 16 patients received no treatment before transplantation.Five patients received HIFU ablation as a bridging therapy.Another five patients with the same tumor staging(within the UCSF criteria) who received HIFU ablation but not on the transplant list were included for comparison.Patients were comparable in terms of Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease scores,tumor size and number,and cause of cirrhosis.RESULTS:The HIFU group and TACE group showed no difference in terms of tumor size and tumor number.One patient in the HIFU group and no patient in the TACE group had gross ascites.The median hospital stay was 1 d(range,1-21 d) in the TACE group and two days(range,1-9 d) in the HIFU group(P < 0.000).No HIFU-related complication occurred.In the HIFU group,nine patients(90%) had complete response and one patient(10%) had partial response to the treatment.In the TACE group,only one patient(3%) had response to the treatment while 14 patients(48%) had stable disease and 14 patients(48%) had progressive disease(P = 0.00).Seven patients in the TACE group and no patient in the HIFU group dropped out from the transplant waiting list(P = 0.559).CONCLUSION:HIFU ablation is safe and effective in the treatment of HCC for patients with advanced cirrhosis.It may reduce the drop-out rate of liver transplant candidate.
文摘目的比较急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中直接机械取栓与桥接治疗的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性收集自2016年3月至2017年7月在浙江省人民医院神经内科行机械取栓的146例急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中患者的临床资料，其中行直接机械取栓85例、行桥接治疗61例，比较直接机械取栓组和桥接治疗组患者基线资料、诊治情况、并发症和临床预后等的差异。结果直接机械取栓组和桥接治疗组的年龄、性别比例、基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分、高血压病比例、糖尿病比例、心房颤动比例、基线血糖水平、血小板计数、肌酐水平、基线收缩压、脑卒中病因、闭塞部位、麻醉方式比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）；直接机械取栓组和桥接治疗组的到院至影像学检查时间、到院至动脉穿刺时间、动脉穿刺至血管再通时间、到院至血管再通时间比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）；直接机械取栓组和桥接治疗组的成功再灌注率（91.8% vs. 95.1%）、症状性颅内出血率（11.8% vs. 21.3%）、治疗后90 d预后良好率（41.2% vs. 47.5%）、死亡率（20.0% vs. 18.0%）比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论对于急性前循环大血管闭塞性脑卒中，直接机械取栓具有与桥接治疗相似的疗效及安全性。
文摘目的探讨Solitaire AB支架取栓后桥接治疗进展性和主动脉弓上动脉内大血栓负荷性特殊类型脑梗死的安全性和有效性。方法第1例Solitaire AB支架取栓后桥接支架置入治疗大脑中动脉主干闭塞超取栓时间窗进展性脑梗死;第2例取栓后桥接动脉溶栓治疗颈内动脉起始部至大脑中动脉主干大血栓负荷性脑梗死。术后均给予阿司匹林和氯吡格雷负荷量抗血小板聚集,低分子肝素钙抗凝。术后平均动脉压控制在90-120 mm Hg,同时给予神经保护治疗。结果第1例患者术前NIHSS评分15分,mRS评分为4分,取栓前m TICI分级0级,取栓桥接后m TICI分级3级,术后1周NIHSS评分0分,mRS评分1分,术后90 d NIHSS评分0分,mRS评分1分。第2例患者术前NIHSS评分12分,mRS评分5分,取栓前m TICI分级0级,取栓桥接后m TICI分级2b级,术后1周NIHSS评分2分,mRS评分1分,术后90 d NIHSS评分1分,mRS评分1分。2例患者均未出现明显并发症。结论在严格围手术期管理下使用Solitaire AB支架取栓桥接治疗超取栓时间窗大动脉闭塞进展性脑梗死和大动脉大血栓负荷性特殊类型脑梗死是安全和有效的。
文摘High-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)is a noninvasive modality that uses an extracorporeal source of focused ultrasound energy.This technique was introduced by Lynn et al and is able to induce coagulative necrosis in selected tissues without damaging adjacent structures.Although HIFU has been studied for 50years,recent technological developments now allow its use for tumours of the liver,prostate and other sites.In liver disease,HIFU has been used to treat unresectable,advanced stages of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and liver metastases.Hepatocellular carcinoma is a serious health problem worldwide and is endemic in some areas because of its association with hepatitis B and C viruses(in 20%of cases).Liver transplantation(LT)has become one of the best treatments available because it removes both the tumour and the underlying liver disease such as cirrhosis(which is present in approximately 80%of cases).The prerequisite for longterm transplant success depends on tumour load and strict selection criteria regarding the size and number of tumour nodules.The need to obtain the optimal benefit from the limited number of organs available has prompted strict selection criteria limited to only those patients with early HCC who have a better long-term outcome after LT.The so-called"bridging therapy"has the aim of controlling disease burden for patients who are on the organ transplant waiting list.Amongst various treatment options,transarterial chemoembolisation and radiofrequency ablation are the most popular treatment choices.Recently,Cheung et al demonstrated that HIFU ablation is a safe and effective method for the treatment of HCC patients with advanced cirrhosis as a bridging therapy and that it reduced the dropout rate from the liver transplant waiting list.In this commentary,we discuss the current value of HIFU in the treatment of liver disease,including its value as a bridging therapy,and examine the potential advantages of other therapeutic strategies.
文摘The aim of liver transplantation(LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is to ensure a rate of disease-free survival similar to that of patients transplanted due to benign disease. Therefore, we are forced to adopt strict criteria when selecting candidates for LT and prioritizing patients on the waiting list(WL), to have clarified indications for bridging therapy for groups at risk for progression or recurrence, and to establish certain limits for downstaging therapies. Although the Milan criteria(MC) remain the standard and most employed criteria for indication of HCC patients for LT by far, in the coming years, criteria will be consolidated that take into account not only data regarding the size/volume and number of tumors but also their biology. This criteria will mainly include the alpha fetoprotein(AFP) values and, in view of their wide variability, any of the published logarithmic models for the selection of candidates for LT. Bridging therapy is necessary for HCC patients on the WL who meet the MC and have the possibility of experiencing a delay for LT greater than 6 mo or any of the known risk factors for recurrence. It is difficult to define single AFP values that would indicate bridging therapy(200, 300 or 400 ng/m L); therefore, it is preferable to rely on the criteria of a French AFP model score > 2. Other single indications for bridging therapy include a tumor diameter greater than 3 cm, more than one tumor, and having an AFP slope greater than 15 ng/m L per month or > 50 ng/m L for three months during strict monitoring while on the WL. When considering the inclusion of patients on the WL who do not meet the MC, it is mandatory to determine their eligibility for downstaging therapy prior to inclusion. The upper limit for this therapy could be one lesion up to 8 cm, 2-3 lesions with a total tumor diameter up to 8 cm, or a total tumor volume of 115 cm^3. Lastly, liver allocation and the prioritization of patients with HCC onthe WL should take into account the recently described HCC model for end-stage l
