【目的】了解和掌握野生朱鹮的繁殖特征和最新的种群数量,为朱鹮种群的现状评估和保护管理提供科学依据。【方法】于2019年3―6月对陕西省洋县及周边地区的朱鹮巢址进行调查,统计每巢的环境因子和繁殖参数,分析营巢成功率和繁殖生产力;...【目的】了解和掌握野生朱鹮的繁殖特征和最新的种群数量,为朱鹮种群的现状评估和保护管理提供科学依据。【方法】于2019年3―6月对陕西省洋县及周边地区的朱鹮巢址进行调查,统计每巢的环境因子和繁殖参数,分析营巢成功率和繁殖生产力;于2019年9月对朱鹮的夜宿地进行同步调查,统计朱鹮的数量和年龄结构。根据巢址的密度,在ArcView GIS 3.3中使用核密度法(Kernel)计算不同巢区的分布和面积,在SPSS 22.0中使用列联表分析(Crosstabs)和单因素方差分析(ANOVA)比较朱鹮繁殖参数的差异。【结果】2019年共统计到朱鹮巢址449个,主要分布在陕西省洋县(66.8%)和毗邻的城固县(29.0%)。朱鹮的核心巢区和常规巢区面积分别为244.1 km 2和1523.7 km 2,其中核心巢区的营巢密度为0.73巢•km^-2,远高于常规巢区的0.16巢•km^-2。朱鹮的营巢成功率为66.4%,在核心巢区、常规巢区和外围巢区中营巢成功率依次上升且差异极为显著。朱鹮的繁殖生产力为2.05,其中外围巢区的繁殖生产力显著高于其他2个巢区。共统计到营巢树种19种,主要为松树(30.2%)、榆树(28.6%)和山杨(26.6%)。朱鹮在3种主要营巢树种的营巢成功率没有显著差异,但在松树上的繁殖生产力显著较高。在38个夜宿地同步记录到朱鹮2571只,其中,洋县和城固县的夜宿地数量分别占73.7%和15.8%,夜宿的朱鹮数量分别占73.0%和23.4%。夜宿种群中当年出生的幼鸟占11.6%。【结论】我国野生朱鹮的数量稳步增长,巢址和夜宿地仍然主要分布在洋县和毗邻的城固县。但核心巢区的种群增长可能已经受到环境容纳量的限制,朱鹮种群正在加速向外围地区扩散。种群的年龄结构正在发生较大变化,将对今后的种群增长速度产生影响。加强对核心分布区栖息地的恢复以及对外围分布区的保护管理,将是促进朱鹮种群持续增长的关键。展开更多
Efficient evaluation of crop phenotypes is a prerequisite for breeding, cultivar adoption, genomics and phenomics study. Plant genotyping is developing rapidly through the use of high-throughput sequencing techniques,...Efficient evaluation of crop phenotypes is a prerequisite for breeding, cultivar adoption, genomics and phenomics study. Plant genotyping is developing rapidly through the use of high-throughput sequencing techniques,while plant phenotyping has lagged far behind and it has become the rate-limiting factor in genetics, large-scale breeding and development of new cultivars. In this paper,we consider crop phenotyping technology under three categories. The first is high-throughput phenotyping techniques in controlled environments such as greenhouses or specifically designed platforms. The second is a phenotypic strengthening test in semi-controlled environments, especially for traits that are difficult to be tested in multi-environment trials(MET), such as lodging, drought and disease resistance. The third is MET in uncontrolled environments, in which crop plants are managed according to farmer's cultural practices. Research and application of these phenotyping techniques are reviewed and methods for MET improvement proposed.展开更多
文摘【目的】了解和掌握野生朱鹮的繁殖特征和最新的种群数量,为朱鹮种群的现状评估和保护管理提供科学依据。【方法】于2019年3―6月对陕西省洋县及周边地区的朱鹮巢址进行调查,统计每巢的环境因子和繁殖参数,分析营巢成功率和繁殖生产力;于2019年9月对朱鹮的夜宿地进行同步调查,统计朱鹮的数量和年龄结构。根据巢址的密度,在ArcView GIS 3.3中使用核密度法(Kernel)计算不同巢区的分布和面积,在SPSS 22.0中使用列联表分析(Crosstabs)和单因素方差分析(ANOVA)比较朱鹮繁殖参数的差异。【结果】2019年共统计到朱鹮巢址449个,主要分布在陕西省洋县(66.8%)和毗邻的城固县(29.0%)。朱鹮的核心巢区和常规巢区面积分别为244.1 km 2和1523.7 km 2,其中核心巢区的营巢密度为0.73巢•km^-2,远高于常规巢区的0.16巢•km^-2。朱鹮的营巢成功率为66.4%,在核心巢区、常规巢区和外围巢区中营巢成功率依次上升且差异极为显著。朱鹮的繁殖生产力为2.05,其中外围巢区的繁殖生产力显著高于其他2个巢区。共统计到营巢树种19种,主要为松树(30.2%)、榆树(28.6%)和山杨(26.6%)。朱鹮在3种主要营巢树种的营巢成功率没有显著差异,但在松树上的繁殖生产力显著较高。在38个夜宿地同步记录到朱鹮2571只,其中,洋县和城固县的夜宿地数量分别占73.7%和15.8%,夜宿的朱鹮数量分别占73.0%和23.4%。夜宿种群中当年出生的幼鸟占11.6%。【结论】我国野生朱鹮的数量稳步增长,巢址和夜宿地仍然主要分布在洋县和毗邻的城固县。但核心巢区的种群增长可能已经受到环境容纳量的限制,朱鹮种群正在加速向外围地区扩散。种群的年龄结构正在发生较大变化,将对今后的种群增长速度产生影响。加强对核心分布区栖息地的恢复以及对外围分布区的保护管理,将是促进朱鹮种群持续增长的关键。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Spatial Distribution of Multi-environment Trial Stations for Maize Cultivar,41301075)the National Science-technology Support Plan Projects(Research and Demonstration of North China Corn Commercialized Breeding Technique,2014BAD01B01)Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology,Ministry of Agriculture
文摘Efficient evaluation of crop phenotypes is a prerequisite for breeding, cultivar adoption, genomics and phenomics study. Plant genotyping is developing rapidly through the use of high-throughput sequencing techniques,while plant phenotyping has lagged far behind and it has become the rate-limiting factor in genetics, large-scale breeding and development of new cultivars. In this paper,we consider crop phenotyping technology under three categories. The first is high-throughput phenotyping techniques in controlled environments such as greenhouses or specifically designed platforms. The second is a phenotypic strengthening test in semi-controlled environments, especially for traits that are difficult to be tested in multi-environment trials(MET), such as lodging, drought and disease resistance. The third is MET in uncontrolled environments, in which crop plants are managed according to farmer's cultural practices. Research and application of these phenotyping techniques are reviewed and methods for MET improvement proposed.
