目的提炼和总结我国器官捐献学科的研究现状及学科发展趋势变化。方法以2018年1月1日至2022年12月31日中国知网学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和Web of Science核心合集数据库收录的有关器官捐献研究的中文和英文文献为样本,应用CiteSpace软...目的提炼和总结我国器官捐献学科的研究现状及学科发展趋势变化。方法以2018年1月1日至2022年12月31日中国知网学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和Web of Science核心合集数据库收录的有关器官捐献研究的中文和英文文献为样本,应用CiteSpace软件从发文量、关键词、期刊来源分布、核心作者合作网络、主要研究机构、重点文献被引等方面进行可视化分析。结果2018年至2022年共发表792篇,年均发文量达158篇,趋势呈现出迅速上升态势,以研究生毕业论文形式发表的论文达182篇(占23%)。常见的研究关键词包括器官移植、脑死亡、心死亡、意愿/认知/态度、法制、影响因素/危险因素、感染/并发症、器官获取组织、预后/质量、大学生/医学生教育、体外膜肺氧合、儿童、缺血-再灌注损伤、供者来源性感染、伦理、扩大标准供者、护理、协调员等,关键词聚类热点呈现围绕“器官捐献”这一主题向各个学科领域展开的趋势。研究成果发表刊物具有多元性和多样性的特点,研究内容以医学为核心,并跨越多个学科领域。大型器官移植机构团队发表的研究数量占绝大多数,机构内形成了相对紧密的合作关系;各机构间的合作强度较低,各作者之间的合作关系也较为松散,尚未能形成紧密的学术合作关系。全球“器官捐献”主题研究发文量前5的国家分别是美国(940篇)、英国(377篇)、西班牙(263篇)、加拿大(241篇)、中国(181篇),表明中国研究者在国际学术舞台上的发声已逐渐被认可。结论从近年文献发表的数量和内容来看,“器官捐献”在我国学术领域已有一定的研究基础,是我国多个学界关心和广泛研究的课题之一,且相关的研究问题具有跨界、多元和多样的特点。展开更多
The BRAIN project recently announced by the president Obama is the reflection of unrelenting human quest for cracking the brain code, the patterns of neuronal activity that define who we are and what we are. While the...The BRAIN project recently announced by the president Obama is the reflection of unrelenting human quest for cracking the brain code, the patterns of neuronal activity that define who we are and what we are. While the Brain Activity Mapping proposal has rightly emphasized on the need to develop new technologies for measuring every spike from every neuron, it might be helpful to consider both the theoretical and experimental aspects that would accelerate our search for the organizing principles of the brain code. Here we share several insights and lessons from the similar proposal, namely, Brain Decoding Project that we initiated since 2007. We provide a specific example in our initial mapping of real-time memory traces from one part of the memory circuit, namely, the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus. We show how innovative behavioral tasks and appropriate mathematical analyses of large datasets can play equally, if not more, important roles in uncovering the specific-to-general feature-coding cell assembly mechanism by which episodic memory, semantic knowledge, and imagination are generated and organized. Our own experiences suggest that the bottleneck of the Brain Project is not only at merely developing additional new technologies, but also the lack of efficient avenues to disseminate cutting edge platforms and decoding expertise to neuroscience community. Therefore, we propose that in order to harness unique insights and extensive knowledge from various investigators working in diverse neuroscience subfields, ranging from perception and emotion to memory and social behaviors, the BRAIN project should create a set of International and National Brain Decoding Centers at which cutting-edge recording technologies and expertise on analyzing large datasets analyses can be made readily available to the entire community of neuroscientists who can apply and schedule to perform cutting-edge research.展开更多
Neurexan is a multicomponent natural medicinal product?used?for?stress-related?symptoms such as nervous restlessness and insomnia. The present study?investigated?the?efficacy?of Neurexan on stress-induced changes of b...Neurexan is a multicomponent natural medicinal product?used?for?stress-related?symptoms such as nervous restlessness and insomnia. The present study?investigated?the?efficacy?of Neurexan on stress-induced changes of brainwave frequencies?using quantitative analysis of spectral EEG power. Thirty healthy male and female volunteers were tested in a randomized, placebo controlled cross-over trial under conditions of relaxation and experimental stress-in-?duction. Recording of the EEG was performed over four hours after drug administration. Data was?analyzed using the proprietary fast dynamic EEG technology Neurocode-Tracking. Quantitative EEG revealed a task dependent increase of beta2 power as a surrogate parameter of stress induced anxiety. The elevated frontotemporal beta2 power was ameliorated by intake of Neurexan during the second and third hour after administration. This indicates that Neurexan is effectively helping subjects to better cope with task-related stress situations.展开更多
目的:观察双能计算机断层(DECT)重建优化水肿可视性(水肿图,EM)是否可改善脑卒中介入治疗(EST)后早期梗死检测。方法:46例患者,依照3种物质分解技术对脑窗(BW)、虚拟非增强(VNC)和改良VNC系列的水肿可视性优化结果进行分析,以随访图像...目的:观察双能计算机断层(DECT)重建优化水肿可视性(水肿图,EM)是否可改善脑卒中介入治疗(EST)后早期梗死检测。方法:46例患者,依照3种物质分解技术对脑窗(BW)、虚拟非增强(VNC)和改良VNC系列的水肿可视性优化结果进行分析,以随访图像为对照。测定对侧与脑梗死侧密度差异(CID)。结果:与BW(-1.72±13.29)HU和VNC(8.30±4.74)HU相比,EM系列具有最大CIDs(73.34±49.32)HU,切点值<50.7HU时EM具有最高的梗死检出率(曲线下面积0.97 VS 0.54、0.91,P<0.01),尽管图像噪声稍显著。梗死定位不影响检测能力(P>0.05)。结论:在EST后,EM系列比VNC或BW系列具有更高的对比度和更好的早期梗死检测能力。展开更多
目的分析全球三阴性乳腺癌脑转移文献的分布规律和研究前沿,对三阴性乳腺癌脑转移的研究进行整体文献计量评价,为此后的相关研究提供方向。方法研究数据均来自WOS核心数据库,使用CiteSpace文献计量软件,对三阴性乳腺癌脑转移研究的作者...目的分析全球三阴性乳腺癌脑转移文献的分布规律和研究前沿,对三阴性乳腺癌脑转移的研究进行整体文献计量评价,为此后的相关研究提供方向。方法研究数据均来自WOS核心数据库,使用CiteSpace文献计量软件,对三阴性乳腺癌脑转移研究的作者、机构及国家分布、研究热点与演进趋势等进行数据可视化处理以及相关分析。结果共分析了2007年到2021年12月31日期间发表的文献共计393篇,出版物发表数量呈波动性上升的趋势,发表数量最多的一年为2021年,全球共计发表相关文献60篇。主要研究机构有丹娜·法伯癌症研究院(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute)、北卡罗来纳大学(The University of North Carolina System)等。关键词分析得到350个关键词、20簇主要关键词聚类和14个突现关键词,研究热点主要集中在治疗、肿瘤分型、生存期等方面。突变点分析显示,三阴性乳腺癌脑转移的趋势集中在信号通路以及细胞增殖研究上。结论本研究成果为三阴性乳腺癌脑转移提供了研究重点以及未来发展方向,可以进一步准确地指导学者的研究。展开更多
This review describes work presented in the 2014 inaugural Tsinghua University Press-Springer Nano Research Award lecture, as well as current and future opportunities for nanoscience research at the interface with bra...This review describes work presented in the 2014 inaugural Tsinghua University Press-Springer Nano Research Award lecture, as well as current and future opportunities for nanoscience research at the interface with brain science. First, we briefly summarize some of the considerations and the research journey that has led to our focus on bottom-up nanoscale science and technology. Second, we recapitulate the motivation for and our seminal contributions to nanowire- based nanoscience and technology, including the rational design and synthesis of increasingly complex nanowire structures, and the corresponding broad range of ＂applications＂ enabled by the capability to control structure, com- position and size from the atomic level upwards. Third, we describe in more detail nanowire-based electronic devices as revolutionary tools for brain science, including （i） motivation for nanoelectronics in brain science, （ii） demonstration of nanowire nanoelectronic arrays for high-spatial/high-temporal resolution extracellular recording, （iii） the development of fundamentally-new intracellular nanoelectronic devices that approach the sizes of single ion channels, （iv） the introduction and demonstration of a new paradigm for innervating cell networks with addressable nanoelectronic arrays in three-dimensions. Last, we conclude with a brief discussion of the exciting and potentially transformative advances expected to come from work at the nanoelectronics-brain interface.展开更多
文摘目的提炼和总结我国器官捐献学科的研究现状及学科发展趋势变化。方法以2018年1月1日至2022年12月31日中国知网学术期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和Web of Science核心合集数据库收录的有关器官捐献研究的中文和英文文献为样本,应用CiteSpace软件从发文量、关键词、期刊来源分布、核心作者合作网络、主要研究机构、重点文献被引等方面进行可视化分析。结果2018年至2022年共发表792篇,年均发文量达158篇,趋势呈现出迅速上升态势,以研究生毕业论文形式发表的论文达182篇(占23%)。常见的研究关键词包括器官移植、脑死亡、心死亡、意愿/认知/态度、法制、影响因素/危险因素、感染/并发症、器官获取组织、预后/质量、大学生/医学生教育、体外膜肺氧合、儿童、缺血-再灌注损伤、供者来源性感染、伦理、扩大标准供者、护理、协调员等,关键词聚类热点呈现围绕“器官捐献”这一主题向各个学科领域展开的趋势。研究成果发表刊物具有多元性和多样性的特点,研究内容以医学为核心,并跨越多个学科领域。大型器官移植机构团队发表的研究数量占绝大多数,机构内形成了相对紧密的合作关系;各机构间的合作强度较低,各作者之间的合作关系也较为松散,尚未能形成紧密的学术合作关系。全球“器官捐献”主题研究发文量前5的国家分别是美国(940篇)、英国(377篇)、西班牙(263篇)、加拿大(241篇)、中国(181篇),表明中国研究者在国际学术舞台上的发声已逐渐被认可。结论从近年文献发表的数量和内容来看,“器官捐献”在我国学术领域已有一定的研究基础,是我国多个学界关心和广泛研究的课题之一,且相关的研究问题具有跨界、多元和多样的特点。
基金Georgia Research Alliance for funding the Brain Decoding Initiative (2007 present)Yunnan Province Department of Science and Technology for the support of our work
文摘The BRAIN project recently announced by the president Obama is the reflection of unrelenting human quest for cracking the brain code, the patterns of neuronal activity that define who we are and what we are. While the Brain Activity Mapping proposal has rightly emphasized on the need to develop new technologies for measuring every spike from every neuron, it might be helpful to consider both the theoretical and experimental aspects that would accelerate our search for the organizing principles of the brain code. Here we share several insights and lessons from the similar proposal, namely, Brain Decoding Project that we initiated since 2007. We provide a specific example in our initial mapping of real-time memory traces from one part of the memory circuit, namely, the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus. We show how innovative behavioral tasks and appropriate mathematical analyses of large datasets can play equally, if not more, important roles in uncovering the specific-to-general feature-coding cell assembly mechanism by which episodic memory, semantic knowledge, and imagination are generated and organized. Our own experiences suggest that the bottleneck of the Brain Project is not only at merely developing additional new technologies, but also the lack of efficient avenues to disseminate cutting edge platforms and decoding expertise to neuroscience community. Therefore, we propose that in order to harness unique insights and extensive knowledge from various investigators working in diverse neuroscience subfields, ranging from perception and emotion to memory and social behaviors, the BRAIN project should create a set of International and National Brain Decoding Centers at which cutting-edge recording technologies and expertise on analyzing large datasets analyses can be made readily available to the entire community of neuroscientists who can apply and schedule to perform cutting-edge research.
文摘Neurexan is a multicomponent natural medicinal product?used?for?stress-related?symptoms such as nervous restlessness and insomnia. The present study?investigated?the?efficacy?of Neurexan on stress-induced changes of brainwave frequencies?using quantitative analysis of spectral EEG power. Thirty healthy male and female volunteers were tested in a randomized, placebo controlled cross-over trial under conditions of relaxation and experimental stress-in-?duction. Recording of the EEG was performed over four hours after drug administration. Data was?analyzed using the proprietary fast dynamic EEG technology Neurocode-Tracking. Quantitative EEG revealed a task dependent increase of beta2 power as a surrogate parameter of stress induced anxiety. The elevated frontotemporal beta2 power was ameliorated by intake of Neurexan during the second and third hour after administration. This indicates that Neurexan is effectively helping subjects to better cope with task-related stress situations.
文摘目的:观察双能计算机断层(DECT)重建优化水肿可视性(水肿图,EM)是否可改善脑卒中介入治疗(EST)后早期梗死检测。方法:46例患者,依照3种物质分解技术对脑窗(BW)、虚拟非增强(VNC)和改良VNC系列的水肿可视性优化结果进行分析,以随访图像为对照。测定对侧与脑梗死侧密度差异(CID)。结果:与BW(-1.72±13.29)HU和VNC(8.30±4.74)HU相比,EM系列具有最大CIDs(73.34±49.32)HU,切点值<50.7HU时EM具有最高的梗死检出率(曲线下面积0.97 VS 0.54、0.91,P<0.01),尽管图像噪声稍显著。梗死定位不影响检测能力(P>0.05)。结论:在EST后,EM系列比VNC或BW系列具有更高的对比度和更好的早期梗死检测能力。
文摘目的分析全球三阴性乳腺癌脑转移文献的分布规律和研究前沿,对三阴性乳腺癌脑转移的研究进行整体文献计量评价,为此后的相关研究提供方向。方法研究数据均来自WOS核心数据库,使用CiteSpace文献计量软件,对三阴性乳腺癌脑转移研究的作者、机构及国家分布、研究热点与演进趋势等进行数据可视化处理以及相关分析。结果共分析了2007年到2021年12月31日期间发表的文献共计393篇,出版物发表数量呈波动性上升的趋势,发表数量最多的一年为2021年,全球共计发表相关文献60篇。主要研究机构有丹娜·法伯癌症研究院(Dana-Farber Cancer Institute)、北卡罗来纳大学(The University of North Carolina System)等。关键词分析得到350个关键词、20簇主要关键词聚类和14个突现关键词,研究热点主要集中在治疗、肿瘤分型、生存期等方面。突变点分析显示,三阴性乳腺癌脑转移的趋势集中在信号通路以及细胞增殖研究上。结论本研究成果为三阴性乳腺癌脑转移提供了研究重点以及未来发展方向,可以进一步准确地指导学者的研究。
文摘This review describes work presented in the 2014 inaugural Tsinghua University Press-Springer Nano Research Award lecture, as well as current and future opportunities for nanoscience research at the interface with brain science. First, we briefly summarize some of the considerations and the research journey that has led to our focus on bottom-up nanoscale science and technology. Second, we recapitulate the motivation for and our seminal contributions to nanowire- based nanoscience and technology, including the rational design and synthesis of increasingly complex nanowire structures, and the corresponding broad range of ＂applications＂ enabled by the capability to control structure, com- position and size from the atomic level upwards. Third, we describe in more detail nanowire-based electronic devices as revolutionary tools for brain science, including （i） motivation for nanoelectronics in brain science, （ii） demonstration of nanowire nanoelectronic arrays for high-spatial/high-temporal resolution extracellular recording, （iii） the development of fundamentally-new intracellular nanoelectronic devices that approach the sizes of single ion channels, （iv） the introduction and demonstration of a new paradigm for innervating cell networks with addressable nanoelectronic arrays in three-dimensions. Last, we conclude with a brief discussion of the exciting and potentially transformative advances expected to come from work at the nanoelectronics-brain interface.
