For a long time,the history of“Scottish Literature”has been overshadowed by the concept of“British literature”,and thus Scottish literary heritage has been seen as“regional characteristics”.The Act of Union 1707...For a long time,the history of“Scottish Literature”has been overshadowed by the concept of“British literature”,and thus Scottish literary heritage has been seen as“regional characteristics”.The Act of Union 1707 led to a growing concern for Scottish national identity.In The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides,the famous Scottish-born biographer James Boswell chose to take advantage of Scottish literary heritage as a point of penetration to express his own Scottish national identity with Scotland in literature and Scottish literature.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of boswellic acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice.Methods:The mice were divided into four experimental groups.GroupⅠserved as control;mice in groupⅡwe...Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of boswellic acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice.Methods:The mice were divided into four experimental groups.GroupⅠserved as control;mice in groupⅡwere injected with monosodium urate crystal;groupⅢconsisted of monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with boswellic acid(30mg/kg/b.w.);groupⅣcomprised monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with indomethacin(3mg/kg/b.w.).Paw volume and levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes,lipid peroxidation,anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator TNF-αwere determined in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced mice.In addition,the levels ofβ-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes(PMNL)in vitro.Results:The activities of lysosomal enzymes,lipid peroxidation,and tumour necrosis factor-αlevels and paw volume were increased significantly in monosodium urate crystal-induced mice,whereas the activities of antioxidant status were in turn decreased.However,these changes were modulated to near normal levels upon boswellic acid administration.In vitro,boswellic acid reduced the level ofβ-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase in monosodium urate crystal-incubated PMNL in concentration dependent manner when compared with control cells.Conclusions:The results obtained in this study further strengthen the anti-inflammatory/antiarthritic effect of boswellic acid,which was already well established by several investigators.展开更多
The pentacyclic triterpenic acids isolated from the oleo gum resin of various Boswellia species are collectively called as Boswellic acids(BA).The oleo gum resin obtained from Indian variety i.e.Boswellia serrata(Fami...The pentacyclic triterpenic acids isolated from the oleo gum resin of various Boswellia species are collectively called as Boswellic acids(BA).The oleo gum resin obtained from Indian variety i.e.Boswellia serrata(Family – Burseraceae) is commonly known as Salai guggal.The resin fraction of Salai guggal is rich in Boswellic acids and its essential oil is composed of a mixture of mono,di and sesquiterpenes while gum fraction chiefly contains pentose and hexose sugars.This oleo-gum resin is quite popular among traditional practitioners of traditional Chinese and Indian Systems of medicine owing to their wide range of useful biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,anti-arthritic,antirheumatic,anti-diarrheal,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-asthmatic,anti-cancer,anti-microbial anti-fungal,anti-complementary and analgesic activity,etc.It has been used as a herbal medicine since the prehistoric time to cure acute and chronic ailments including inflammatory diseases.Phytochemical investigation of this herbal medicine lead to identification of Boswellic acids which are found to be novel,potent,specific antiinflammatory agents due to non-redox inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LO) enzyme.However,the other important targets of Boswellic acids also include topoisomerases,angiogenesis,and cytochrome p450 enzymes.This review is a sincere attempt to discuss and present the current status of therapeutic potential,phytochemical as well as pharmacological profile of Boswellic acids primarily obtained from B.serrata.展开更多
Boswellia serrata is a widely used herb in Indian systems of medicine and is well known for its potential medicinal properties.A chromatographic method was developed for the analysis and quanti cation of six boswellic...Boswellia serrata is a widely used herb in Indian systems of medicine and is well known for its potential medicinal properties.A chromatographic method was developed for the analysis and quanti cation of six boswellic acid marker compounds,i.e.,keto boswellic acid(1),3-O-Acetyl 11-keto-boswellic acid(2),-b Boswellic acid(3),-Boswellic acid(4),3-O-Acetyl--boswellic acid(5)and 3-O-Acetyl--boswellic acid b(6)in commercial herbal products containing B.serrata as an ingredient.Combining UPLCbwith Q-Tof-MS/MS makes the better identi cation of secondary metabolites and adulterants in the herbal formulations containing B.serrata in rapid time using fragmentation approach than the traditional approaches.In this study quanti cation of boswellic acids with UPLC-PDA method was performed as per the pharmacopeia guidelines.Furthermore,minor phytochemical constituenBoswellia serrata is a widely used herb in Indian systems of medicine and is well known for its potential medicinal properties.A chromatographic method was developed for the analysis and quantification of six boswellic acid marker compounds,i.e.,keto boswellic acid(1),3-O-Acetyl 11-keto b-boswellic acid(2),ɑ-Boswellic acid(3),b-Boswellic acid(4),3-O-Acetyl-ɑ-boswellic acid(5)and 3-O-Acetyl-b-boswellic acid(6)in commercial herbal products containing B.serrata as an ingredient.Combining UPLC with Q-Tof-MS/MS makes the better identification of secondary metabolites and adulterants in the herbal formulations containing B.serrata in rapid time using fragmentation approach than the traditional approaches.In this study quantification of boswellic acids with UPLC-PDA method was performed as per the pharmacopeia guidelines.Furthermore,minor phytochemical constituents were identified and characterized with the help of LC-Q-Tof-MS/MS fragmentation data and various isoforms of boswellic acids and tirucallic acids in B.serrata oleo-gum-resin extract were identified.ts were identi ed and characterized with the help of LC-Q-Tof-MS/MS fragmentation data and various isoforms of bos展开更多
In order to search for new potent anti-cancer agents, a series of boswellic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized. Six of them were identified by IR, NMR and MS as new compounds and biologic assay of anti-can...In order to search for new potent anti-cancer agents, a series of boswellic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized. Six of them were identified by IR, NMR and MS as new compounds and biologic assay of anti-cancer is underway.展开更多
Boswellic acids is a general term for a series of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds that are isolated from the oleogin resin of the Boswellia genus and serve as the main active ingredient.It exhibits a wide range of ...Boswellic acids is a general term for a series of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds that are isolated from the oleogin resin of the Boswellia genus and serve as the main active ingredient.It exhibits a wide range of biological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antibacterial,antiviral,hepatoprotective,neuroprotective,anti-diabetic,and anti-thrombotic properties.As a result,it has gained significant recognition among practitioners of traditional Chinese and Indian medicine.These biological effects may be associated with multiple molecular targets and signal transduction pathways.However,the poor pharmacokinetic properties of the substance lead to lower bioavailability,which affects its effectiveness.To address this issue,scientists have proposed a number of strategies,such as solid dispersions,phytosome®technologies,and novel drug delivery systems.This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview for boswellic acids on the phytochemistry,molecular mechanisms,potential therapeutic applications,and strategies to improve bioavailability.展开更多
To develop a colon-targeting bioreversible delivery system for β-boswellic acid (BBA) and explore utility of its prodrugs in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats.METHODSSynthesis of 4 co...To develop a colon-targeting bioreversible delivery system for β-boswellic acid (BBA) and explore utility of its prodrugs in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats.METHODSSynthesis of 4 co-drugs of BBA with essential amino acids was achieved by CDI coupling, followed by their spectral characterization. In vitro kinetics were studied by HPLC in aqueous buffers, homogenates of gastrointestinal tract and fecal matter. In vivo kinetic studies were performed in Wistar rat plasma, urine and feces. The prodrugs were screened in TNBS-induced colitis modeled Wistar rats. Statistical significance was assumed at P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001 when compared with disease controls using one-way and two-way ANOVAs.RESULTSProdrugs were stable in 0.05 mol/L HCl buffer (pH 1.2) and stomach homogenates. Negligible hydrolysis was observed in phosphate buffer and intestinal homogenates. Substantial release (55%-72% and 68%-86%) of BBA was achieved in rat fecal matter and homogenates of colon. In vivo studies of BBA with L-tryptophan (BT) authenticated colon-specific release of BBA. But, surprisingly substantial concentration of BBA was seen to reach the systemic circulation due to probable absorption through colonic mucosa. Site-specifically enhanced bioavailability of BBA could be achieved in colon, which resulted in demonstration of significant mitigating effect on TNBS-induced colitis in rats without inducing any adverse effects on stomach, liver and pancreas. Prodrug of BT was found to be 1.7% (P < 0.001) superior than sulfasalazine in reducing the inflammation to colon among all prodrugs tested.CONCLUSIONThe outcome of this study strongly suggests that these prodrugs might have dual applicability to inflammatory bowel disease and chronotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis.展开更多
基金Graduate Research and Practice Projects of Minzu University of China(Project No.:SZKY2022084).
文摘For a long time,the history of“Scottish Literature”has been overshadowed by the concept of“British literature”,and thus Scottish literary heritage has been seen as“regional characteristics”.The Act of Union 1707 led to a growing concern for Scottish national identity.In The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides,the famous Scottish-born biographer James Boswell chose to take advantage of Scottish literary heritage as a point of penetration to express his own Scottish national identity with Scotland in literature and Scottish literature.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of boswellic acid against monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice.Methods:The mice were divided into four experimental groups.GroupⅠserved as control;mice in groupⅡwere injected with monosodium urate crystal;groupⅢconsisted of monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with boswellic acid(30mg/kg/b.w.);groupⅣcomprised monosodium urate crystal-induced mice who were treated with indomethacin(3mg/kg/b.w.).Paw volume and levels/activities of lysosomal enzymes,lipid peroxidation,anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator TNF-αwere determined in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced mice.In addition,the levels ofβ-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase were also measured in monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes(PMNL)in vitro.Results:The activities of lysosomal enzymes,lipid peroxidation,and tumour necrosis factor-αlevels and paw volume were increased significantly in monosodium urate crystal-induced mice,whereas the activities of antioxidant status were in turn decreased.However,these changes were modulated to near normal levels upon boswellic acid administration.In vitro,boswellic acid reduced the level ofβ-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase in monosodium urate crystal-incubated PMNL in concentration dependent manner when compared with control cells.Conclusions:The results obtained in this study further strengthen the anti-inflammatory/antiarthritic effect of boswellic acid,which was already well established by several investigators.
文摘The pentacyclic triterpenic acids isolated from the oleo gum resin of various Boswellia species are collectively called as Boswellic acids(BA).The oleo gum resin obtained from Indian variety i.e.Boswellia serrata(Family – Burseraceae) is commonly known as Salai guggal.The resin fraction of Salai guggal is rich in Boswellic acids and its essential oil is composed of a mixture of mono,di and sesquiterpenes while gum fraction chiefly contains pentose and hexose sugars.This oleo-gum resin is quite popular among traditional practitioners of traditional Chinese and Indian Systems of medicine owing to their wide range of useful biological properties such as anti-inflammatory,anti-arthritic,antirheumatic,anti-diarrheal,anti-hyperlipidemic,anti-asthmatic,anti-cancer,anti-microbial anti-fungal,anti-complementary and analgesic activity,etc.It has been used as a herbal medicine since the prehistoric time to cure acute and chronic ailments including inflammatory diseases.Phytochemical investigation of this herbal medicine lead to identification of Boswellic acids which are found to be novel,potent,specific antiinflammatory agents due to non-redox inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LO) enzyme.However,the other important targets of Boswellic acids also include topoisomerases,angiogenesis,and cytochrome p450 enzymes.This review is a sincere attempt to discuss and present the current status of therapeutic potential,phytochemical as well as pharmacological profile of Boswellic acids primarily obtained from B.serrata.
基金Dr.S.Chandrasekhar,Director,CSIR-IICT,for the financial grant under MLP-0030CSIR for financial support(IICT Communication No.IICT/Pubs/2018/183gs5)
文摘Boswellia serrata is a widely used herb in Indian systems of medicine and is well known for its potential medicinal properties.A chromatographic method was developed for the analysis and quanti cation of six boswellic acid marker compounds,i.e.,keto boswellic acid(1),3-O-Acetyl 11-keto-boswellic acid(2),-b Boswellic acid(3),-Boswellic acid(4),3-O-Acetyl--boswellic acid(5)and 3-O-Acetyl--boswellic acid b(6)in commercial herbal products containing B.serrata as an ingredient.Combining UPLCbwith Q-Tof-MS/MS makes the better identi cation of secondary metabolites and adulterants in the herbal formulations containing B.serrata in rapid time using fragmentation approach than the traditional approaches.In this study quanti cation of boswellic acids with UPLC-PDA method was performed as per the pharmacopeia guidelines.Furthermore,minor phytochemical constituenBoswellia serrata is a widely used herb in Indian systems of medicine and is well known for its potential medicinal properties.A chromatographic method was developed for the analysis and quantification of six boswellic acid marker compounds,i.e.,keto boswellic acid(1),3-O-Acetyl 11-keto b-boswellic acid(2),ɑ-Boswellic acid(3),b-Boswellic acid(4),3-O-Acetyl-ɑ-boswellic acid(5)and 3-O-Acetyl-b-boswellic acid(6)in commercial herbal products containing B.serrata as an ingredient.Combining UPLC with Q-Tof-MS/MS makes the better identification of secondary metabolites and adulterants in the herbal formulations containing B.serrata in rapid time using fragmentation approach than the traditional approaches.In this study quantification of boswellic acids with UPLC-PDA method was performed as per the pharmacopeia guidelines.Furthermore,minor phytochemical constituents were identified and characterized with the help of LC-Q-Tof-MS/MS fragmentation data and various isoforms of boswellic acids and tirucallic acids in B.serrata oleo-gum-resin extract were identified.ts were identi ed and characterized with the help of LC-Q-Tof-MS/MS fragmentation data and various isoforms of bos
基金Financial Supported by The G&P Foundation for Cancer Researchby Scientific Research Foundation for the Excellent Young Teacher from State Education Ministry(2002)by Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(No.20022017)are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘In order to search for new potent anti-cancer agents, a series of boswellic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized. Six of them were identified by IR, NMR and MS as new compounds and biologic assay of anti-cancer is underway.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82274313)Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Province(2023GHZD43).
文摘Boswellic acids is a general term for a series of pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds that are isolated from the oleogin resin of the Boswellia genus and serve as the main active ingredient.It exhibits a wide range of biological activities,such as anti-inflammatory,anti-cancer,antibacterial,antiviral,hepatoprotective,neuroprotective,anti-diabetic,and anti-thrombotic properties.As a result,it has gained significant recognition among practitioners of traditional Chinese and Indian medicine.These biological effects may be associated with multiple molecular targets and signal transduction pathways.However,the poor pharmacokinetic properties of the substance lead to lower bioavailability,which affects its effectiveness.To address this issue,scientists have proposed a number of strategies,such as solid dispersions,phytosome®technologies,and novel drug delivery systems.This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview for boswellic acids on the phytochemistry,molecular mechanisms,potential therapeutic applications,and strategies to improve bioavailability.
文摘To develop a colon-targeting bioreversible delivery system for β-boswellic acid (BBA) and explore utility of its prodrugs in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats.METHODSSynthesis of 4 co-drugs of BBA with essential amino acids was achieved by CDI coupling, followed by their spectral characterization. In vitro kinetics were studied by HPLC in aqueous buffers, homogenates of gastrointestinal tract and fecal matter. In vivo kinetic studies were performed in Wistar rat plasma, urine and feces. The prodrugs were screened in TNBS-induced colitis modeled Wistar rats. Statistical significance was assumed at P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001 when compared with disease controls using one-way and two-way ANOVAs.RESULTSProdrugs were stable in 0.05 mol/L HCl buffer (pH 1.2) and stomach homogenates. Negligible hydrolysis was observed in phosphate buffer and intestinal homogenates. Substantial release (55%-72% and 68%-86%) of BBA was achieved in rat fecal matter and homogenates of colon. In vivo studies of BBA with L-tryptophan (BT) authenticated colon-specific release of BBA. But, surprisingly substantial concentration of BBA was seen to reach the systemic circulation due to probable absorption through colonic mucosa. Site-specifically enhanced bioavailability of BBA could be achieved in colon, which resulted in demonstration of significant mitigating effect on TNBS-induced colitis in rats without inducing any adverse effects on stomach, liver and pancreas. Prodrug of BT was found to be 1.7% (P < 0.001) superior than sulfasalazine in reducing the inflammation to colon among all prodrugs tested.CONCLUSIONThe outcome of this study strongly suggests that these prodrugs might have dual applicability to inflammatory bowel disease and chronotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis.
