This work focuses on the problem of monitoring the coastline, which in Portugal’s case means monitoring 3007 kilometers, including 1793 maritime borders with the Atlantic Ocean to the south and west. The human burden...This work focuses on the problem of monitoring the coastline, which in Portugal’s case means monitoring 3007 kilometers, including 1793 maritime borders with the Atlantic Ocean to the south and west. The human burden on the coast becomes a problem, both because erosion makes the cliffs unstable and because pollution increases, making the fragile dune ecosystem difficult to preserve. It is becoming necessary to increase the control of access to beaches, even if it is not a popular measure for internal and external tourism. The methodology described can also be used to monitor maritime borders. The use of images acquired in the infrared range guarantees active surveillance both day and night, the main objective being to mimic the infrared cameras already installed in some critical areas along the coastline. Using a series of infrared photographs taken at low angles with a modified camera and appropriate filter, a recent deep learning algorithm with the right training can simultaneously detect and count whole people at close range and people almost completely submerged in the water, including partially visible targets, achieving a performance with F1 score of 0.945, with 97% of targets correctly identified. This implementation is possible with ordinary laptop computers and could contribute to more frequent and more extensive coverage in beach/border surveillance, using infrared cameras at regular intervals. It can be partially automated to send alerts to the authorities and/or the nearest lifeguards, thus increasing monitoring without relying on human resources.展开更多
Background:Implementing effective interventions remain a lot of difficulties along all border regions.The emergence of artemisinin resistance of Plasmodium falciparum strains in the Greater Mekong Subregion is a matte...Background:Implementing effective interventions remain a lot of difficulties along all border regions.The emergence of artemisinin resistance of Plasmodium falciparum strains in the Greater Mekong Subregion is a matter of great concern.China has effectively controlled cross-border transmission of malaria and artemisinin resistance of P.falciparum along the China-Myanmar border.Methods:A combined quantitative and qualitative study was used to collect data,and then an integrated impact evaluation was conducted to malaria control along the China-Myanmar border during 2007-2013.Results:The parasite prevalence rate(PPR)in the five special regions of Myanmar was decreased from 13.6%in March 2008 to 1.5%in November 2013.Compared with the baseline(PPR in March 2008),the risk ratio was only 0.11[95%confidence interval(CI),0.09-0.14]in November 2013,which is equal to an 89%reduction in the malaria burden.Annual parasite incidence(API)across 19 Chinese border counties was reduced from 19.6 per 10000 person-years in 2006 to 0.9 per 10000 person-years in 2013.Compared with the baseline(API in 2006),the API rate ratio was only 0.05(95%CI,0.04-0.05)in 2013,which equates to a reduction of the malaria burden by 95.0%.Meanwhile,the health service system was strengthened and health inequity of marginalized populations reduced along the international border.Conclusion:The effective collaboration between China,Myanmar and the international non-governmental organization promptly carried out the core interventions through simplified processes.The integrated approaches dramatically decreased malaria burden of Chinese-Myanmar border.展开更多
文摘This work focuses on the problem of monitoring the coastline, which in Portugal’s case means monitoring 3007 kilometers, including 1793 maritime borders with the Atlantic Ocean to the south and west. The human burden on the coast becomes a problem, both because erosion makes the cliffs unstable and because pollution increases, making the fragile dune ecosystem difficult to preserve. It is becoming necessary to increase the control of access to beaches, even if it is not a popular measure for internal and external tourism. The methodology described can also be used to monitor maritime borders. The use of images acquired in the infrared range guarantees active surveillance both day and night, the main objective being to mimic the infrared cameras already installed in some critical areas along the coastline. Using a series of infrared photographs taken at low angles with a modified camera and appropriate filter, a recent deep learning algorithm with the right training can simultaneously detect and count whole people at close range and people almost completely submerged in the water, including partially visible targets, achieving a performance with F1 score of 0.945, with 97% of targets correctly identified. This implementation is possible with ordinary laptop computers and could contribute to more frequent and more extensive coverage in beach/border surveillance, using infrared cameras at regular intervals. It can be partially automated to send alerts to the authorities and/or the nearest lifeguards, thus increasing monitoring without relying on human resources.
基金supported by the sixth(CHN-607-G09-M)and the tenth(CHN-011-G15-M)grants of the Global Fund to fight AIDS,Tuberculosis and Malaria(GFATM)to Chinasupported by the tenth(CHN-011-G15-M)grants of the GFATM to Chinasupported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC/81560543).
文摘Background:Implementing effective interventions remain a lot of difficulties along all border regions.The emergence of artemisinin resistance of Plasmodium falciparum strains in the Greater Mekong Subregion is a matter of great concern.China has effectively controlled cross-border transmission of malaria and artemisinin resistance of P.falciparum along the China-Myanmar border.Methods:A combined quantitative and qualitative study was used to collect data,and then an integrated impact evaluation was conducted to malaria control along the China-Myanmar border during 2007-2013.Results:The parasite prevalence rate(PPR)in the five special regions of Myanmar was decreased from 13.6%in March 2008 to 1.5%in November 2013.Compared with the baseline(PPR in March 2008),the risk ratio was only 0.11[95%confidence interval(CI),0.09-0.14]in November 2013,which is equal to an 89%reduction in the malaria burden.Annual parasite incidence(API)across 19 Chinese border counties was reduced from 19.6 per 10000 person-years in 2006 to 0.9 per 10000 person-years in 2013.Compared with the baseline(API in 2006),the API rate ratio was only 0.05(95%CI,0.04-0.05)in 2013,which equates to a reduction of the malaria burden by 95.0%.Meanwhile,the health service system was strengthened and health inequity of marginalized populations reduced along the international border.Conclusion:The effective collaboration between China,Myanmar and the international non-governmental organization promptly carried out the core interventions through simplified processes.The integrated approaches dramatically decreased malaria burden of Chinese-Myanmar border.
