Bone grafts have been predominated used to treat bone defects,delayed union or non-union,and spinal fusion in orthopaedic clinically for a period of time,despite the emergency of synthetic bone graft substitutes.Never...Bone grafts have been predominated used to treat bone defects,delayed union or non-union,and spinal fusion in orthopaedic clinically for a period of time,despite the emergency of synthetic bone graft substitutes.Nevertheless,the integration of allogeneic grafts and synthetic substitutes with host bone was found jeopardized in long-term follow-up studies.Hence,the enhancement of osteointegration of these grafts and substitutes with host bone is considerably important.To address this problem,addition of various growth factors,such as bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs),parathyroid hormone(PTH)and platelet rich plasma(PRP),into structural allografts and synthetic substitutes have been considered.Although clinical applications of these factors have exhibited good bone formation,their further application was limited due to high cost and potential adverse side effects.Alternatively,bioinorganic ions such as magnesium,strontium and zinc are considered as alternative of osteogenic biological factors.Hence,this paper aims to review the currently available bone grafts and bone substitutes as well as the biological and bio-inorganic factors for the treatments of bone defect.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To understand the distribution of prevalence rate of osteoporosis in the middle - aged and elderly in parts of China. METHODS: Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured and questionnaires were taken for 5593 ...OBJECTIVE: To understand the distribution of prevalence rate of osteoporosis in the middle - aged and elderly in parts of China. METHODS: Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured and questionnaires were taken for 5593 people aged above 40 years in five administrative areas in China selected by the stratified - multi - steps - cluster sampling method. RESULTS: The total prevalence rate of osteoporosis was 16.1%. The prevalence rate among males was 11.5% and among females was 19.9% (P展开更多
Bone mass is a key determinant of osteoporosis and fragility fractures.Epidemiologic studies have shown that a 10%increase in peak bone mass(PBM)at the population level reduces the risk of fracture later in life by 50...Bone mass is a key determinant of osteoporosis and fragility fractures.Epidemiologic studies have shown that a 10%increase in peak bone mass(PBM)at the population level reduces the risk of fracture later in life by 50%.Low PBM is possibly due to the bone loss caused by various conditions or processes that occur during adolescence and young adulthood.Race,gender,and family history(genetics)are responsible for the majority of PBM,but other factors,such as physical activity,calcium and vitamin D intake,weight,smoking and alcohol consumption,socioeconomic status,age at menarche,and other secondary causes(diseases and medications),play important roles in PBM gain during childhood and adolescence.Hence,the optimization of lifestyle factors that affect PBM and bone strength is an important strategy to maximize PBM among adolescents and young people,and thus to reduce the low bone mass or osteoporosis risk in later life.This review aims to summarize the available evidence for the common but important factors that influence bone mass gain during growth and development and discuss the advances of developing high PBM.展开更多
基金This work was supported in part by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Funding JCYJ20140414090541811,JCYJ20160429190821781 and JCYJ2016429185449249Hong Kong Research Grant Council General Research Funds(RGC GRF)(Nos.718913E,17214516,N_HKU725/16)+3 种基金HKU Seeding Fund(Nos.201511160001 and 201411159045)Hong Kong Innovation Technology Fund(No.ITS/147/15)Hong Kong Health and Medical Research Fund(No.03142446)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.31370957).
文摘Bone grafts have been predominated used to treat bone defects,delayed union or non-union,and spinal fusion in orthopaedic clinically for a period of time,despite the emergency of synthetic bone graft substitutes.Nevertheless,the integration of allogeneic grafts and synthetic substitutes with host bone was found jeopardized in long-term follow-up studies.Hence,the enhancement of osteointegration of these grafts and substitutes with host bone is considerably important.To address this problem,addition of various growth factors,such as bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs),parathyroid hormone(PTH)and platelet rich plasma(PRP),into structural allografts and synthetic substitutes have been considered.Although clinical applications of these factors have exhibited good bone formation,their further application was limited due to high cost and potential adverse side effects.Alternatively,bioinorganic ions such as magnesium,strontium and zinc are considered as alternative of osteogenic biological factors.Hence,this paper aims to review the currently available bone grafts and bone substitutes as well as the biological and bio-inorganic factors for the treatments of bone defect.
文摘OBJECTIVE: To understand the distribution of prevalence rate of osteoporosis in the middle - aged and elderly in parts of China. METHODS: Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured and questionnaires were taken for 5593 people aged above 40 years in five administrative areas in China selected by the stratified - multi - steps - cluster sampling method. RESULTS: The total prevalence rate of osteoporosis was 16.1%. The prevalence rate among males was 11.5% and among females was 19.9% (P
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.LR17H070001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81871831).
文摘Bone mass is a key determinant of osteoporosis and fragility fractures.Epidemiologic studies have shown that a 10%increase in peak bone mass(PBM)at the population level reduces the risk of fracture later in life by 50%.Low PBM is possibly due to the bone loss caused by various conditions or processes that occur during adolescence and young adulthood.Race,gender,and family history(genetics)are responsible for the majority of PBM,but other factors,such as physical activity,calcium and vitamin D intake,weight,smoking and alcohol consumption,socioeconomic status,age at menarche,and other secondary causes(diseases and medications),play important roles in PBM gain during childhood and adolescence.Hence,the optimization of lifestyle factors that affect PBM and bone strength is an important strategy to maximize PBM among adolescents and young people,and thus to reduce the low bone mass or osteoporosis risk in later life.This review aims to summarize the available evidence for the common but important factors that influence bone mass gain during growth and development and discuss the advances of developing high PBM.
