Bone regeneration is a complex, well-orchestrated physiological process of bone formation, which can be seen during normal fracture healing, and is involved in continuous remodelling throughout adult life. Currently,t...Bone regeneration is a complex, well-orchestrated physiological process of bone formation, which can be seen during normal fracture healing, and is involved in continuous remodelling throughout adult life. Currently,there is a plethora of different strategies to augment the impaired or "insufficient" bone-regeneration process, including the "gold standard" autologous bone graft, free fibula vascularised graft, allograft implantation, and use of growth factors, osteoconductive scaffolds, osteoprogenitor cells and distraction osteogenesis. Improved "local" strategies in terms of tissue engineering and gene therapy, or even "systemic" enhancement of bone repair, are under intense investigation, in an effort to overcome the limitations of the current methods, to produce bone-graft substitutes with biomechanical properties that are as identical to normal bone as possible, to accelerate the overall regeneration process, or even to address systemic conditions, such as skeletal disorders and osteoporosis. An improved understanding of the molecular and cellular events that occur during bone repair and remodeling has led to the development of biologic agents that can augment the biological microenvironment and enhance bone repair. Orthobiologics, including stem cells, osteoinductive growth factors, osteoconductive matrices, and anabolic agents, are available clinically for accelerating fracture repair and treatment of compromised bone repair situations like delayed unions and nonunions. A lack of standardized outcome measures for comparison of biologic agents in clinical fracture repair trials, frequent off-label use, and a limited understanding of the biological activity of these agents at the bone repair site have limited their efficacy in clinical applications.展开更多
Bone grinding is an essential and vital procedure in most surgical operations.Currently,the insufficient cooling capacity of dry grinding,poor visibility of drip irrigation surgery area,and large grinding force leadin...Bone grinding is an essential and vital procedure in most surgical operations.Currently,the insufficient cooling capacity of dry grinding,poor visibility of drip irrigation surgery area,and large grinding force leading to high grinding temperature are the technical bottlenecks of micro-grinding.A new micro-grinding process called ultrasonic vibration-assisted nanoparticle jet mist cooling(U-NJMC)is innovatively proposed to solve the technical problem.It combines the advantages of ultrasonic vibration(UV)and nanoparticle jet mist cooling(NJMC).Notwithstanding,the combined effect of multi parameter collaborative of U-NJMC on cooling has not been investigated.The grinding force,friction coefficient,specific grinding energy,and grinding temperature under dry,drip irrigation,UV,minimum quantity lubrication(MQL),NJMC,and U-NJMC micro-grinding were compared and analyzed.Results showed that the minimum normal grinding force and tangential grinding force of U-NJMC micro-grinding were 1.39 and 0.32 N,which were 75.1%and 82.9%less than those in dry grinding,respectively.The minimum friction coefficient and specific grinding energy were achieved using U-NJMC.Compared with dry,drip,UV,MQL,and NJMC grinding,the friction coefficient of U-NJMC was decreased by 31.3%,17.0%,19.0%,9.8%,and 12.5%,respectively,and the specific grinding energy was decreased by 83.0%,72.7%,77.8%,52.3%,and 64.7%,respectively.Compared with UV or NJMC alone,the grinding temperature of U-NJMC was decreased by 33.5%and 10.0%,respectively.These results showed that U-NJMC provides a novel approach for clinical surgical micro-grinding of biological bone.展开更多
Bone morphogenetic proteins （BMPs） have multiple roles in skeletal development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMPs signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors （BMPRI and BMPRII）. In recent deca...Bone morphogenetic proteins （BMPs） have multiple roles in skeletal development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMPs signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors （BMPRI and BMPRII）. In recent decades, genetic studies in humans and mice have demonstrated that perturbations in BMP signaling via BMPRI resulted in various diseases in bone, cartilage, and muscles. In this review, we focus on all three types of BMPRI, which consist of activin-like kinase 2 （ALK2, also called type IA activin receptor）, activin- llke kinase 3 （ALK3, also called BMPRIA）, and activin-like kinase 6 （ALK6, also called BMPRIB）. The research areas covered include the current progress regarding the roles of these receptors during myogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. Understanding the physiological and pathological functions of these receptors at the cellular and molecular levels will advance drug development and tissue regeneration for treating musculoskeletal diseases and bone defects in the future.展开更多
背景:骨形成是成骨细胞合成和分泌类骨质并促进其矿化的过程,在此过程中普遍存在力学信号转导。成骨细胞在体内主要受到重力、压应力、拉伸力、流体剪切力和静水压力等力学因素的调节,不同的力学作用通过激素、细胞骨架蛋白和微小RNA等...背景:骨形成是成骨细胞合成和分泌类骨质并促进其矿化的过程,在此过程中普遍存在力学信号转导。成骨细胞在体内主要受到重力、压应力、拉伸力、流体剪切力和静水压力等力学因素的调节,不同的力学作用通过激素、细胞骨架蛋白和微小RNA等调节成骨细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等生物特性。通过明确生物力学作用对成骨细胞的影响,为成骨细胞在骨代谢疾病中的治疗提供思路及参考依据。目的:综述不同生物力学作用对成骨细胞生物特性的影响。方法:采用PubMed、Web of Science、FMRS、中国知网及万方数据库进行文献检索,检索2000-2023年发表的相关文献,纳入与生物力学作用对成骨细胞影响有关的包括基础研究及组织工程研究在内的所有文献,最终对70篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:不同生物力学作用对成骨细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等生物特性产生影响,这些影响和作用力的强度和时间相关,具体作用如下:①微重力条件下,成骨细胞的增殖和分化受到抑制,导致骨密度下降,从而形成骨质疏松症。②相比于微重力,超重力对成骨细胞的增殖产生促进作用。③压应力对成骨细胞的影响存在加载强度和时间的依赖性。适宜的压应力可促进成骨细胞的增殖和分化,有益于骨组织的形成和修复;而过度的压应力则会导致成骨细胞凋亡和骨组织的破坏。④在成骨细胞上施加不同类型的拉伸力,其生物学效应存在差异。研究表明,伸长率在0-12%的范围内对成骨细胞的增殖有促进作用。⑤流体剪切力具有促进成骨细胞增殖和分化的作用,同时还能够增强生物材料的骨诱导作用。⑥静水压可以对成骨细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等生物学行为产生影响,这些作用与静水压施加的时间和强度密切相关。研究不同生物力学作用对成骨细胞的影响,对于深入理解骨生长和维护机制具有重�展开更多
文摘Bone regeneration is a complex, well-orchestrated physiological process of bone formation, which can be seen during normal fracture healing, and is involved in continuous remodelling throughout adult life. Currently,there is a plethora of different strategies to augment the impaired or "insufficient" bone-regeneration process, including the "gold standard" autologous bone graft, free fibula vascularised graft, allograft implantation, and use of growth factors, osteoconductive scaffolds, osteoprogenitor cells and distraction osteogenesis. Improved "local" strategies in terms of tissue engineering and gene therapy, or even "systemic" enhancement of bone repair, are under intense investigation, in an effort to overcome the limitations of the current methods, to produce bone-graft substitutes with biomechanical properties that are as identical to normal bone as possible, to accelerate the overall regeneration process, or even to address systemic conditions, such as skeletal disorders and osteoporosis. An improved understanding of the molecular and cellular events that occur during bone repair and remodeling has led to the development of biologic agents that can augment the biological microenvironment and enhance bone repair. Orthobiologics, including stem cells, osteoinductive growth factors, osteoconductive matrices, and anabolic agents, are available clinically for accelerating fracture repair and treatment of compromised bone repair situations like delayed unions and nonunions. A lack of standardized outcome measures for comparison of biologic agents in clinical fracture repair trials, frequent off-label use, and a limited understanding of the biological activity of these agents at the bone repair site have limited their efficacy in clinical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.51905289 and 51975305)the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2020YFB2010500)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China (Grant Nos.ZR2022QE159,ZR2020KE027,ZR2020ME158,and ZR2019PEE008)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2021M701810)the Innovation Talent Supporting Program for Postdoctoral Fellows of Shandong Province,China (Grant No.SDBX2020012)the Qingdao Postdoctoral Researchers Applied Research Project Funding,China (Grant No.A2020-072).
文摘Bone grinding is an essential and vital procedure in most surgical operations.Currently,the insufficient cooling capacity of dry grinding,poor visibility of drip irrigation surgery area,and large grinding force leading to high grinding temperature are the technical bottlenecks of micro-grinding.A new micro-grinding process called ultrasonic vibration-assisted nanoparticle jet mist cooling(U-NJMC)is innovatively proposed to solve the technical problem.It combines the advantages of ultrasonic vibration(UV)and nanoparticle jet mist cooling(NJMC).Notwithstanding,the combined effect of multi parameter collaborative of U-NJMC on cooling has not been investigated.The grinding force,friction coefficient,specific grinding energy,and grinding temperature under dry,drip irrigation,UV,minimum quantity lubrication(MQL),NJMC,and U-NJMC micro-grinding were compared and analyzed.Results showed that the minimum normal grinding force and tangential grinding force of U-NJMC micro-grinding were 1.39 and 0.32 N,which were 75.1%and 82.9%less than those in dry grinding,respectively.The minimum friction coefficient and specific grinding energy were achieved using U-NJMC.Compared with dry,drip,UV,MQL,and NJMC grinding,the friction coefficient of U-NJMC was decreased by 31.3%,17.0%,19.0%,9.8%,and 12.5%,respectively,and the specific grinding energy was decreased by 83.0%,72.7%,77.8%,52.3%,and 64.7%,respectively.Compared with UV or NJMC alone,the grinding temperature of U-NJMC was decreased by 33.5%and 10.0%,respectively.These results showed that U-NJMC provides a novel approach for clinical surgical micro-grinding of biological bone.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81500814) (SXL)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81430012 and No. 81170939) (XJ)+2 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB933604)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (No. 81225006)the National Institutes of Health Grants DE025014 and R56DE022789 (JQF)
文摘Bone morphogenetic proteins （BMPs） have multiple roles in skeletal development, homeostasis and regeneration. BMPs signal via type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors （BMPRI and BMPRII）. In recent decades, genetic studies in humans and mice have demonstrated that perturbations in BMP signaling via BMPRI resulted in various diseases in bone, cartilage, and muscles. In this review, we focus on all three types of BMPRI, which consist of activin-like kinase 2 （ALK2, also called type IA activin receptor）, activin- llke kinase 3 （ALK3, also called BMPRIA）, and activin-like kinase 6 （ALK6, also called BMPRIB）. The research areas covered include the current progress regarding the roles of these receptors during myogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. Understanding the physiological and pathological functions of these receptors at the cellular and molecular levels will advance drug development and tissue regeneration for treating musculoskeletal diseases and bone defects in the future.
文摘背景:骨形成是成骨细胞合成和分泌类骨质并促进其矿化的过程,在此过程中普遍存在力学信号转导。成骨细胞在体内主要受到重力、压应力、拉伸力、流体剪切力和静水压力等力学因素的调节,不同的力学作用通过激素、细胞骨架蛋白和微小RNA等调节成骨细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等生物特性。通过明确生物力学作用对成骨细胞的影响,为成骨细胞在骨代谢疾病中的治疗提供思路及参考依据。目的:综述不同生物力学作用对成骨细胞生物特性的影响。方法:采用PubMed、Web of Science、FMRS、中国知网及万方数据库进行文献检索,检索2000-2023年发表的相关文献,纳入与生物力学作用对成骨细胞影响有关的包括基础研究及组织工程研究在内的所有文献,最终对70篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:不同生物力学作用对成骨细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等生物特性产生影响,这些影响和作用力的强度和时间相关,具体作用如下:①微重力条件下,成骨细胞的增殖和分化受到抑制,导致骨密度下降,从而形成骨质疏松症。②相比于微重力,超重力对成骨细胞的增殖产生促进作用。③压应力对成骨细胞的影响存在加载强度和时间的依赖性。适宜的压应力可促进成骨细胞的增殖和分化,有益于骨组织的形成和修复;而过度的压应力则会导致成骨细胞凋亡和骨组织的破坏。④在成骨细胞上施加不同类型的拉伸力,其生物学效应存在差异。研究表明,伸长率在0-12%的范围内对成骨细胞的增殖有促进作用。⑤流体剪切力具有促进成骨细胞增殖和分化的作用,同时还能够增强生物材料的骨诱导作用。⑥静水压可以对成骨细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡等生物学行为产生影响,这些作用与静水压施加的时间和强度密切相关。研究不同生物力学作用对成骨细胞的影响,对于深入理解骨生长和维护机制具有重�
