以苹果(平邑甜茶)幼苗为试验材料,盆栽条件下以万寿菊植株风干粉末拌土熏蒸老苹果园土壤,为环境友好型熏蒸措施防控苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。试验设置老龄苹果园土壤对照(未作处理,CK)、覆膜(未拌入万寿菊,F)、万寿菊1.5 g kg^(-1)+覆...以苹果(平邑甜茶)幼苗为试验材料,盆栽条件下以万寿菊植株风干粉末拌土熏蒸老苹果园土壤,为环境友好型熏蒸措施防控苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。试验设置老龄苹果园土壤对照(未作处理,CK)、覆膜(未拌入万寿菊,F)、万寿菊1.5 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(1.5T+F)、万寿菊6.0 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(6.0T+F)、万寿菊15.0 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(15.0T+F)。结果表明,与对照相比,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理能显著提高连作土壤中平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量,促进根系生长,提高土壤酶活性,土壤真菌减少、细菌增多。6.0 g kg^(-1)处理的效果最明显,幼苗地上部及根系干重分别为对照的8.1倍、13.1倍,根表面积及根体积分别增加了333.0%、548.4%;脲酶、磷酸酶活性分别较对照高103.6%、77.6%,蔗糖酶活性高出200.4%,过氧化氢酶活性升高64.6%;土壤细菌/真菌比值为219.9,是对照的5.6倍;真菌多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数均降低,优势度指数增加;层出镰孢菌基因拷贝数较对照降低57.9%。主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理对连作土壤真菌群落多样性有显著影响,能够显著减少层出镰孢菌的数量。综上,连作土壤中添加6.0 g kg^(-1)万寿菊进行生物熏蒸可提高连作平邑甜茶幼苗生物量,改善连作土壤环境,有效缓解平邑甜茶的连作障碍。展开更多
选用棉花枯萎菌、黄瓜腐霉菌和白菜根系非致病镰刀菌作为指示菌株,在马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基上测定芥蓝(Brassica alboglabra L. H. Bailey)、结球甘蓝(B. oleraceavar. capitata)、白花椰菜(B. oleracea L. var. botry-tisL)、球茎甘蓝(B...选用棉花枯萎菌、黄瓜腐霉菌和白菜根系非致病镰刀菌作为指示菌株,在马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基上测定芥蓝(Brassica alboglabra L. H. Bailey)、结球甘蓝(B. oleraceavar. capitata)、白花椰菜(B. oleracea L. var. botry-tisL)、球茎甘蓝(B. oleracea var. gongylodes)、苦菜[B. integrifolia (West) O.E.Schulz]、芹菜(Apium graveolens L.)、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)和大葱(Allium fistulosum L.)的生物熏蒸能力。结果表明,不同材料的组织捣碎粉末对3种菌均具有抑制作用,其中芸苔属植物的熏蒸抑菌效果好于非芸苔属植物,球茎甘蓝熏蒸效果较稳定,且效果最好,在第7 d对棉花枯萎病菌的抑制效果仍然达91.9%;但各植物抑菌效果均随着培养时间的延长而逐渐下降。展开更多
The efficacy of Bacillus cereus X5 as a potential biological control agent against root-knot nematodes was evaluated in vitro by examining second-stage juvenile mortality and egg hatching rate under addition of cultur...The efficacy of Bacillus cereus X5 as a potential biological control agent against root-knot nematodes was evaluated in vitro by examining second-stage juvenile mortality and egg hatching rate under addition of culture filtrate and in planta by application of bio-organic fertilizers enhanced with B. cereus X5, B. thuringiensis BTG, or Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 alone or together in greenhouse and field experiments. The biofumigation of the root-knot nematode-infested soil with organic materials (chicken manure, pig manure and rice straw) alone or in combination with B. cereus X5 was also conducted in greenhouse experiments. In laboratory, the filtrate of B. cereus X5 more effectively reduced egg hatching rates during the incubation period for 14 d and more effectively killed the second-stage juvenile during the incubation period of 24 h than that of B. thuringiensis BTG. The highest dry shoot weights for greenhouse tomatoes and field muskmelons were found in both the treatment consisting of the bio-organic fertilizer enhanced with the three biocontrol agents and the treatment consisting of the bio-organic fertilizer enhanced only with B. cereus X5. The two bio-organic fertilizers achieved better nematicidal effects than those enhanced only with B. thuringiensis BTG or T. harzianum SQR-T037. B. cereus X5 also enhanced effect of biofumigation, which resulted in increased plant biomass and reduced nematode counts in the roots and rhizosphere soil. Therefore, these results suggested that biological control of root-knot nematodes both in greenhouses and fields could be effectively achieved by using B. cereus X5 and agricultural wastes.展开更多
为探讨生物熏蒸结合强还原土壤灭菌法(RSD)对菊花生长及连作土壤的改良效果,以南农冰洁为试验材料,以连作土壤为对照(CK),设置油菜生物熏蒸(R)、油菜生物熏蒸+水稻秸秆(R+RS)、油菜生物熏蒸+玉米秸秆(R+MS)和油菜生物熏蒸+麦麸(R+FS)4...为探讨生物熏蒸结合强还原土壤灭菌法(RSD)对菊花生长及连作土壤的改良效果,以南农冰洁为试验材料,以连作土壤为对照(CK),设置油菜生物熏蒸(R)、油菜生物熏蒸+水稻秸秆(R+RS)、油菜生物熏蒸+玉米秸秆(R+MS)和油菜生物熏蒸+麦麸(R+FS)4个土壤灭菌处理,测定不同处理菊花各生育期生长、开花、根系指标和各器官养分含量,以及土壤理化性质和微生物数量。结果表明,与对照相比,不同土壤灭菌处理后,菊花生长及花期植株各指标均显著提高,以R+FS处理菊花各项生长指标最大;各土壤灭菌处理均能促进根系生长,以R+FS处理效果最好。不同土壤灭菌处理能提高土壤质量,土壤铵态氮、速效磷、有效钾、有机质含量分别较对照增加102.59%~155.23%、31.49%~72.07%、31.50%~92.85%、38.32%~71.30%,土壤pH值下降0.09~0.37个单位;各处理对土壤EC值的影响不同,R+MS和R+FS处理后,土壤EC值分别从462μs·cm^(-1)下降至200和285μs·cm^(-1),R和R+RS处理分别增加至585和614μs·cm^(-1)。除苗期R+RS处理土壤真菌数量低于对照外,其余处理土壤细菌和真菌数量均显著增加(P<0.05),表现为细菌增加幅度大于真菌;不同土壤灭菌处理后,土壤尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)数量显著降低(P<0.05),R+FS处理对其影响最大,苗期和盛花期分别为4.12和3.87 lg copies·g^(-1)soil,较对照下降62.11%和53.46%。各土壤灭菌处理菊花枯萎病发病率均低于对照,其防治效果可达33.65%~55.70%。综上,生物熏蒸结合麦麸处理能够改善菊花连作土壤理化性状并增加土壤微生物数量及养分含量,降低土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量,从而有效促进菊花生长及优质高产。本研究结果为菊花绿色高效栽培提供了技术支撑。展开更多
文摘以苹果(平邑甜茶)幼苗为试验材料,盆栽条件下以万寿菊植株风干粉末拌土熏蒸老苹果园土壤,为环境友好型熏蒸措施防控苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。试验设置老龄苹果园土壤对照(未作处理,CK)、覆膜(未拌入万寿菊,F)、万寿菊1.5 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(1.5T+F)、万寿菊6.0 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(6.0T+F)、万寿菊15.0 g kg^(-1)+覆膜(15.0T+F)。结果表明,与对照相比,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理能显著提高连作土壤中平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量,促进根系生长,提高土壤酶活性,土壤真菌减少、细菌增多。6.0 g kg^(-1)处理的效果最明显,幼苗地上部及根系干重分别为对照的8.1倍、13.1倍,根表面积及根体积分别增加了333.0%、548.4%;脲酶、磷酸酶活性分别较对照高103.6%、77.6%,蔗糖酶活性高出200.4%,过氧化氢酶活性升高64.6%;土壤细菌/真菌比值为219.9,是对照的5.6倍;真菌多样性、均匀度和丰富度指数均降低,优势度指数增加;层出镰孢菌基因拷贝数较对照降低57.9%。主成分分析(PCA)结果显示,万寿菊生物熏蒸处理对连作土壤真菌群落多样性有显著影响,能够显著减少层出镰孢菌的数量。综上,连作土壤中添加6.0 g kg^(-1)万寿菊进行生物熏蒸可提高连作平邑甜茶幼苗生物量,改善连作土壤环境,有效缓解平邑甜茶的连作障碍。
文摘选用棉花枯萎菌、黄瓜腐霉菌和白菜根系非致病镰刀菌作为指示菌株,在马铃薯蔗糖琼脂培养基上测定芥蓝(Brassica alboglabra L. H. Bailey)、结球甘蓝(B. oleraceavar. capitata)、白花椰菜(B. oleracea L. var. botry-tisL)、球茎甘蓝(B. oleracea var. gongylodes)、苦菜[B. integrifolia (West) O.E.Schulz]、芹菜(Apium graveolens L.)、黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)和大葱(Allium fistulosum L.)的生物熏蒸能力。结果表明,不同材料的组织捣碎粉末对3种菌均具有抑制作用,其中芸苔属植物的熏蒸抑菌效果好于非芸苔属植物,球茎甘蓝熏蒸效果较稳定,且效果最好,在第7 d对棉花枯萎病菌的抑制效果仍然达91.9%;但各植物抑菌效果均随着培养时间的延长而逐渐下降。
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program) of China(No.2011CB100503)the National Department Public Benefit Research Foundation of China(No.201103004)
文摘The efficacy of Bacillus cereus X5 as a potential biological control agent against root-knot nematodes was evaluated in vitro by examining second-stage juvenile mortality and egg hatching rate under addition of culture filtrate and in planta by application of bio-organic fertilizers enhanced with B. cereus X5, B. thuringiensis BTG, or Trichoderma harzianum SQR-T037 alone or together in greenhouse and field experiments. The biofumigation of the root-knot nematode-infested soil with organic materials (chicken manure, pig manure and rice straw) alone or in combination with B. cereus X5 was also conducted in greenhouse experiments. In laboratory, the filtrate of B. cereus X5 more effectively reduced egg hatching rates during the incubation period for 14 d and more effectively killed the second-stage juvenile during the incubation period of 24 h than that of B. thuringiensis BTG. The highest dry shoot weights for greenhouse tomatoes and field muskmelons were found in both the treatment consisting of the bio-organic fertilizer enhanced with the three biocontrol agents and the treatment consisting of the bio-organic fertilizer enhanced only with B. cereus X5. The two bio-organic fertilizers achieved better nematicidal effects than those enhanced only with B. thuringiensis BTG or T. harzianum SQR-T037. B. cereus X5 also enhanced effect of biofumigation, which resulted in increased plant biomass and reduced nematode counts in the roots and rhizosphere soil. Therefore, these results suggested that biological control of root-knot nematodes both in greenhouses and fields could be effectively achieved by using B. cereus X5 and agricultural wastes.
文摘为探讨生物熏蒸结合强还原土壤灭菌法(RSD)对菊花生长及连作土壤的改良效果,以南农冰洁为试验材料,以连作土壤为对照(CK),设置油菜生物熏蒸(R)、油菜生物熏蒸+水稻秸秆(R+RS)、油菜生物熏蒸+玉米秸秆(R+MS)和油菜生物熏蒸+麦麸(R+FS)4个土壤灭菌处理,测定不同处理菊花各生育期生长、开花、根系指标和各器官养分含量,以及土壤理化性质和微生物数量。结果表明,与对照相比,不同土壤灭菌处理后,菊花生长及花期植株各指标均显著提高,以R+FS处理菊花各项生长指标最大;各土壤灭菌处理均能促进根系生长,以R+FS处理效果最好。不同土壤灭菌处理能提高土壤质量,土壤铵态氮、速效磷、有效钾、有机质含量分别较对照增加102.59%~155.23%、31.49%~72.07%、31.50%~92.85%、38.32%~71.30%,土壤pH值下降0.09~0.37个单位;各处理对土壤EC值的影响不同,R+MS和R+FS处理后,土壤EC值分别从462μs·cm^(-1)下降至200和285μs·cm^(-1),R和R+RS处理分别增加至585和614μs·cm^(-1)。除苗期R+RS处理土壤真菌数量低于对照外,其余处理土壤细菌和真菌数量均显著增加(P<0.05),表现为细菌增加幅度大于真菌;不同土壤灭菌处理后,土壤尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)数量显著降低(P<0.05),R+FS处理对其影响最大,苗期和盛花期分别为4.12和3.87 lg copies·g^(-1)soil,较对照下降62.11%和53.46%。各土壤灭菌处理菊花枯萎病发病率均低于对照,其防治效果可达33.65%~55.70%。综上,生物熏蒸结合麦麸处理能够改善菊花连作土壤理化性状并增加土壤微生物数量及养分含量,降低土壤中尖孢镰刀菌数量,从而有效促进菊花生长及优质高产。本研究结果为菊花绿色高效栽培提供了技术支撑。
