From every heartbeat to every footstep, human beings dissipate energy all the time. Researchers are trying to harvest energy from the human body and convert it into electricity, which can be supplied to electronic med...From every heartbeat to every footstep, human beings dissipate energy all the time. Researchers are trying to harvest energy from the human body and convert it into electricity, which can be supplied to electronic medical devices closely related to human health. Such an energy recycling form is currently a research hotspot in the fields of energy harvesting and bioelectronics. This review firstly summarizes the distribution and characteristics of three primary energy sources contained in the human body, including thermal energy, chemical energy, and mechanical energy. Afterwards, the applicable energy harvesting technologies and corresponding working mechanisms for different energy sources are introduced. Some typical demos and practical applications of each type of human body energy harvesting technology are also presented. Specifically, the advantages and critical issues of different energy harvesting technologies are summarized, and corresponding promising solutions are also provided. Besides, the interaction strategies between various energy harvesting devices and the human body are summarized from the aspects of wearable and implantable applications. Finally, the concept of a self-powered closed-loop bioelectronic system (SCBS) is put forward for the first time, which organically combines portable electronic devices, implantable electronic medical devices, energy harvesting devices, and the human body. The prospect of symbiosis between the SCBS and the human body is provided. The demands and future development trends of the SCBS are also discussed.展开更多
Due to the mechanical mismatch between conventional rigid electronic devices and soft tissues at nature,a lot of interests have been attracted to develop flexible bioelectronics that work well both in vitro and in viv...Due to the mechanical mismatch between conventional rigid electronic devices and soft tissues at nature,a lot of interests have been attracted to develop flexible bioelectronics that work well both in vitro and in vivo. To this end, polymers that can be used for both key components and substrates are indispensable to achieve high performances such as high sensitivity and long-term stability for sensing applications.Here we will summarize the recent advances on the synthesis of a variety of polymers, the design of typical architectures and the integration of different functions for the flexible bioelectronic devices. The remaining challenges and promising directions are highlighted to provide inspirations for the future study on the emerging flexible bioelectronics at end.展开更多
The development of precise and sensitive electrophysiological recording platforms holds the utmost importance for research in the fields of cardiology and neuroscience.In recent years,active micro/nano-bioelectronic d...The development of precise and sensitive electrophysiological recording platforms holds the utmost importance for research in the fields of cardiology and neuroscience.In recent years,active micro/nano-bioelectronic devices have undergone significant advancements,thereby facilitating the study of electrophysiology.The distinctive configuration and exceptional functionality of these active micro-nano-collaborative bioelectronic devices offer the potential for the recording of high-fidelity action potential signals on a large scale.In this paper,we review three-dimensional active nano-transistors and planar active micro-transistors in terms of their applications in electroexcitable cells,focusing on the evaluation of the effects of active micro/nano-bioelectronic devices on electrophysiological signals.Looking forward to the possibilities,challenges,and wide prospects of active micro-nano-devices,we expect to advance their progress to satisfy the demands of theoretical investigations and medical implementations within the domains of cardiology and neuroscience research.展开更多
Conducting polymers offer attractive mixed ionic-electronic conductivity,tunable interfacial barrier with metal,tissue matchable softness,and versatile chemical functionalization,making them robust to bridge the gap b...Conducting polymers offer attractive mixed ionic-electronic conductivity,tunable interfacial barrier with metal,tissue matchable softness,and versatile chemical functionalization,making them robust to bridge the gap between brain tissue and electronic circuits.This review focuses on chemically revised conducting polymers,combined with their superior and controllable electrochemical performance,to fabricate long-term bioelectronic implants,addressing chronic immune responses,weak neuron attraction,and long-term electrocommunication instability challenges.Moreover,the promising progress of zwitterionic conducting polymers in bioelectronic implants(≥4 weeks stable implantation)is highlighted,followed by a comment on their current evolution toward selective neural coupling and reimplantable function.Finally,a critical forward look at the future of zwitterionic conducting polymers for in vivo bioelectronic devices is provided.展开更多
Numerous clinical and research applications necessitate the ability to interface with peripheral nerve fibers to read and control relevant neural pathways. Visceral organ modulation and rehabilitative prosthesis are t...Numerous clinical and research applications necessitate the ability to interface with peripheral nerve fibers to read and control relevant neural pathways. Visceral organ modulation and rehabilitative prosthesis are two areas which could benefit greatly from improved neural interfacing approaches. Therapeutic neural interfacing, or ‘bioelectronic medicine’, has potential to affect a broad range of disorders given that all the major organs of the viscera are neurally innervated. However, a better understanding of the neural pathways that underlie function and a means to precisely interface with these fibers are required. Existing peripheral nerve interfaces, consisting primarily of electrode-based designs, are unsuited for highly specific （individual axon） communication and/or are invasive to the tissue. Our laboratory has explored an optogenetic approach by which optically sensitive reporters and actuators are targeted to specific cell （axon） types. The nature of such an approach is laid out in this short perspective, along with associated technologies and challenges.展开更多
Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) are a subgroup of fuel cells that use enzymes as catalysts. EBFCs that utilizephysiological substrates such as glucose or lactate are of great interest as implantable or wearable power ...Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) are a subgroup of fuel cells that use enzymes as catalysts. EBFCs that utilizephysiological substrates such as glucose or lactate are of great interest as implantable or wearable power sourcesto activate medical devices. This contribution introduces the working principles of EBFCs and summarizes recentprogress in EBFC-enabled biosensors, pulse generators, and therapy. Biosensors with self-powered characteristicenjoy high selectivity, leading to potential “instrument-free” or “expensive-instrument-free” measurement.Autonomous pulse generation is based on the hybrid of EBFC and supercapacitor, which is promising for theapplication in medical related electrostimulation. By providing the direct electrical stimulation, or controllablyreleasing drug, EBFCs can also be used for self-powered therapeutic system. The further combination of self-powered sensing and treating enables EBFC as a possible platform of diagnostics and therapeutics. Future efforts can be focused on resolving the limited power density and lifetime of EBFC.展开更多
The peripheral nervous system plays a major role in the maintenance of our physiology. Several peripheral nerves intimately regulate the state of the brain, spinal cord, and visceral systems. A new class of therapeuti...The peripheral nervous system plays a major role in the maintenance of our physiology. Several peripheral nerves intimately regulate the state of the brain, spinal cord, and visceral systems. A new class of therapeutics, called bioelectronic medicines, are being developed to precisely regulate physiology and treat dysfunction using peripheral nerve stimulation. In this review, we first discuss new work using closed-loop bioelectronic medicine to treat upper limb paralysis. In contrast to open-loop bioelectronic medicines, closed-loop approaches trigger ‘on demand' peripheral nerve stimulation due to a change in function(e.g., during an upper limb movement or a change in cardiopulmonary state). We also outline our perspective on timing rules for closedloop bioelectronic stimulation, interface features for non-invasively stimulating peripheral nerves, and machine learning algorithms to recognize disease events for closed-loop stimulation control. Although there will be several challenges for this emerging field, we look forward to future bioelectronic medicines that can autonomously sense changes in the body, to provide closed-loop peripheral nerve stimulation and treat disease.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61875015,81802194)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (JQ20038)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK20170357,ScienceTechnology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (2018B030331001)the National Youth Talent Support Program.
文摘From every heartbeat to every footstep, human beings dissipate energy all the time. Researchers are trying to harvest energy from the human body and convert it into electricity, which can be supplied to electronic medical devices closely related to human health. Such an energy recycling form is currently a research hotspot in the fields of energy harvesting and bioelectronics. This review firstly summarizes the distribution and characteristics of three primary energy sources contained in the human body, including thermal energy, chemical energy, and mechanical energy. Afterwards, the applicable energy harvesting technologies and corresponding working mechanisms for different energy sources are introduced. Some typical demos and practical applications of each type of human body energy harvesting technology are also presented. Specifically, the advantages and critical issues of different energy harvesting technologies are summarized, and corresponding promising solutions are also provided. Besides, the interaction strategies between various energy harvesting devices and the human body are summarized from the aspects of wearable and implantable applications. Finally, the concept of a self-powered closed-loop bioelectronic system (SCBS) is put forward for the first time, which organically combines portable electronic devices, implantable electronic medical devices, energy harvesting devices, and the human body. The prospect of symbiosis between the SCBS and the human body is provided. The demands and future development trends of the SCBS are also discussed.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFA0203302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21634003, 51573027, 51403038, 51673043, and 21604012)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (16JC1400702, 15XD1500400, and 15JC1490200)
文摘Due to the mechanical mismatch between conventional rigid electronic devices and soft tissues at nature,a lot of interests have been attracted to develop flexible bioelectronics that work well both in vitro and in vivo. To this end, polymers that can be used for both key components and substrates are indispensable to achieve high performances such as high sensitivity and long-term stability for sensing applications.Here we will summarize the recent advances on the synthesis of a variety of polymers, the design of typical architectures and the integration of different functions for the flexible bioelectronic devices. The remaining challenges and promising directions are highlighted to provide inspirations for the future study on the emerging flexible bioelectronics at end.
基金The work is supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62171483,82061148011)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LZ23F010004)+1 种基金Hangzhou Agricultural and Social Development Research Key Project(Grant No.20231203A08)Doctoral Initiation Program of the Tenth Affiliated Hospital,Southern Medical University(Grant No.K202308).
文摘The development of precise and sensitive electrophysiological recording platforms holds the utmost importance for research in the fields of cardiology and neuroscience.In recent years,active micro/nano-bioelectronic devices have undergone significant advancements,thereby facilitating the study of electrophysiology.The distinctive configuration and exceptional functionality of these active micro-nano-collaborative bioelectronic devices offer the potential for the recording of high-fidelity action potential signals on a large scale.In this paper,we review three-dimensional active nano-transistors and planar active micro-transistors in terms of their applications in electroexcitable cells,focusing on the evaluation of the effects of active micro/nano-bioelectronic devices on electrophysiological signals.Looking forward to the possibilities,challenges,and wide prospects of active micro-nano-devices,we expect to advance their progress to satisfy the demands of theoretical investigations and medical implementations within the domains of cardiology and neuroscience research.
基金supported by NSFC(22175111,21474014,21704013,and 51903149)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at the Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(TP2019043)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(20XD1400100).
文摘Conducting polymers offer attractive mixed ionic-electronic conductivity,tunable interfacial barrier with metal,tissue matchable softness,and versatile chemical functionalization,making them robust to bridge the gap between brain tissue and electronic circuits.This review focuses on chemically revised conducting polymers,combined with their superior and controllable electrochemical performance,to fabricate long-term bioelectronic implants,addressing chronic immune responses,weak neuron attraction,and long-term electrocommunication instability challenges.Moreover,the promising progress of zwitterionic conducting polymers in bioelectronic implants(≥4 weeks stable implantation)is highlighted,followed by a comment on their current evolution toward selective neural coupling and reimplantable function.Finally,a critical forward look at the future of zwitterionic conducting polymers for in vivo bioelectronic devices is provided.
基金financially supported in part by funds administered through VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System-Denver VA Medical Centerfunds from the NIH SPARC initiative administered through the Office of the Director:1OT2OD023852-01
文摘Numerous clinical and research applications necessitate the ability to interface with peripheral nerve fibers to read and control relevant neural pathways. Visceral organ modulation and rehabilitative prosthesis are two areas which could benefit greatly from improved neural interfacing approaches. Therapeutic neural interfacing, or ‘bioelectronic medicine’, has potential to affect a broad range of disorders given that all the major organs of the viscera are neurally innervated. However, a better understanding of the neural pathways that underlie function and a means to precisely interface with these fibers are required. Existing peripheral nerve interfaces, consisting primarily of electrode-based designs, are unsuited for highly specific （individual axon） communication and/or are invasive to the tissue. Our laboratory has explored an optogenetic approach by which optically sensitive reporters and actuators are targeted to specific cell （axon） types. The nature of such an approach is laid out in this short perspective, along with associated technologies and challenges.
文摘Enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) are a subgroup of fuel cells that use enzymes as catalysts. EBFCs that utilizephysiological substrates such as glucose or lactate are of great interest as implantable or wearable power sourcesto activate medical devices. This contribution introduces the working principles of EBFCs and summarizes recentprogress in EBFC-enabled biosensors, pulse generators, and therapy. Biosensors with self-powered characteristicenjoy high selectivity, leading to potential “instrument-free” or “expensive-instrument-free” measurement.Autonomous pulse generation is based on the hybrid of EBFC and supercapacitor, which is promising for theapplication in medical related electrostimulation. By providing the direct electrical stimulation, or controllablyreleasing drug, EBFCs can also be used for self-powered therapeutic system. The further combination of self-powered sensing and treating enables EBFC as a possible platform of diagnostics and therapeutics. Future efforts can be focused on resolving the limited power density and lifetime of EBFC.
文摘The peripheral nervous system plays a major role in the maintenance of our physiology. Several peripheral nerves intimately regulate the state of the brain, spinal cord, and visceral systems. A new class of therapeutics, called bioelectronic medicines, are being developed to precisely regulate physiology and treat dysfunction using peripheral nerve stimulation. In this review, we first discuss new work using closed-loop bioelectronic medicine to treat upper limb paralysis. In contrast to open-loop bioelectronic medicines, closed-loop approaches trigger ‘on demand' peripheral nerve stimulation due to a change in function(e.g., during an upper limb movement or a change in cardiopulmonary state). We also outline our perspective on timing rules for closedloop bioelectronic stimulation, interface features for non-invasively stimulating peripheral nerves, and machine learning algorithms to recognize disease events for closed-loop stimulation control. Although there will be several challenges for this emerging field, we look forward to future bioelectronic medicines that can autonomously sense changes in the body, to provide closed-loop peripheral nerve stimulation and treat disease.
