Benzophenones （BPs） are a class of widely used UV filters, which have been frequently detected within multiple environmental matrices. Disinfection is a necessary process in water treatment processes. The transforma...Benzophenones （BPs） are a class of widely used UV filters, which have been frequently detected within multiple environmental matrices. Disinfection is a necessary process in water treatment processes. The transformation behaviors and toxicity changes of 14 BP-type UV filters during chlorination disinfection treatment were investigated in this study. A new index, the acute toxicity formation potential, was proposed to evaluate the toxicity changes and potential risks of BP-type UV filters during chlorination treatment. It was found that 13 of 14 BP-type UV filters exhibited toxicity decreases in the chlorination disinfection process, more or less, while one showed a toxicity increase. The toxicity changes were dependent on substitution effects, such that 2,4-di-hydroxylated or 3-hydroxylated BPs exhibited significant toxicity decreases after chlorination treatment due to the ready cleavage of the aromatic ring. Importantly, the acute toxicity changes could be duplicated in an ambient water matrix.展开更多
Benzophenones（BPs）, a group of widely used UV filters, exert multiple, significant toxicity effects. The 11 BPs were selected as target compounds, and the photobacterium acute toxicity test and an index for acute to...Benzophenones（BPs）, a group of widely used UV filters, exert multiple, significant toxicity effects. The 11 BPs were selected as target compounds, and the photobacterium acute toxicity test and an index for acute toxicity formation potential（ATFP） were used to evaluate the toxicity variation of BPs before and after a photoinduction–chlorination disinfection process.Orthogonal experiments were performed at different pH values and chlorine dosages. The characteristics of ATFP values for 11 BPs after a photoinduction–chlorination process can be summarized as follows：（1） The ATFPs decreased as the hydroxyl group number increased in BPs molecules.（2） For those BPs with the same hydroxyl group number, the ATFPs were higher when the hydroxyl groups were located at the 3-or 4-position than those at the 2-position; the BPs with hydroxyl groups distributed on two benzene rings had higher ATFPs than those on one ring.（3） Introducing a methoxyl group and sulfonic acid group into BP molecules increased the ATFP values.（4） The ATFPs were p H-dependent, the values of which were lowest at the neutral condition and highest at the acid condition.（5） The ATFPs increased and then decreased as the chlorine dosage increased. The results can be used as a reference to scientifically evaluate the environmental fate and potential risk of BPs in photoinduction–chlorination disinfection processes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21377143, 21077123 and 20877090)
文摘Benzophenones （BPs） are a class of widely used UV filters, which have been frequently detected within multiple environmental matrices. Disinfection is a necessary process in water treatment processes. The transformation behaviors and toxicity changes of 14 BP-type UV filters during chlorination disinfection treatment were investigated in this study. A new index, the acute toxicity formation potential, was proposed to evaluate the toxicity changes and potential risks of BP-type UV filters during chlorination treatment. It was found that 13 of 14 BP-type UV filters exhibited toxicity decreases in the chlorination disinfection process, more or less, while one showed a toxicity increase. The toxicity changes were dependent on substitution effects, such that 2,4-di-hydroxylated or 3-hydroxylated BPs exhibited significant toxicity decreases after chlorination treatment due to the ready cleavage of the aromatic ring. Importantly, the acute toxicity changes could be duplicated in an ambient water matrix.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21577154,21377143)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB14040201)
文摘Benzophenones（BPs）, a group of widely used UV filters, exert multiple, significant toxicity effects. The 11 BPs were selected as target compounds, and the photobacterium acute toxicity test and an index for acute toxicity formation potential（ATFP） were used to evaluate the toxicity variation of BPs before and after a photoinduction–chlorination disinfection process.Orthogonal experiments were performed at different pH values and chlorine dosages. The characteristics of ATFP values for 11 BPs after a photoinduction–chlorination process can be summarized as follows：（1） The ATFPs decreased as the hydroxyl group number increased in BPs molecules.（2） For those BPs with the same hydroxyl group number, the ATFPs were higher when the hydroxyl groups were located at the 3-or 4-position than those at the 2-position; the BPs with hydroxyl groups distributed on two benzene rings had higher ATFPs than those on one ring.（3） Introducing a methoxyl group and sulfonic acid group into BP molecules increased the ATFP values.（4） The ATFPs were p H-dependent, the values of which were lowest at the neutral condition and highest at the acid condition.（5） The ATFPs increased and then decreased as the chlorine dosage increased. The results can be used as a reference to scientifically evaluate the environmental fate and potential risk of BPs in photoinduction–chlorination disinfection processes.
