Currently, small islands are facing an energy supply shortage, which has led to considerable concern.Establishing an island microgrid is a relatively good solution to the problem. However, high investment costs restri...Currently, small islands are facing an energy supply shortage, which has led to considerable concern.Establishing an island microgrid is a relatively good solution to the problem. However, high investment costs restrict its application. In this paper, micro pumped storage(MPS) is used as an energy storage system(ESS) for islands with good geographical conditions, and deferrable appliance is treated as the virtual power source which can be used in the planning and operational processes.Household acceptance of demand response(DR) is indicated by the demand response participation degree(DRPD), and a sizing optimization model for considering the demand response of household appliances in an island microgrid is proposed. The particle swarm optimization(PSO) is used to obtain the optimal sizing of all major devices. In addition, the battery storage(BS) scheme is used as the control group. The results of case studies demonstrate that the proposed method is effective, and the DR of deferrable appliances and the application of MPS can significantly reduce island microgrid investment.Sensitivity analysis on the total load of the island and the water head of the MPS are conducted.展开更多
The variability of the output power of distributed renewable energy sources(DRESs)that originate from the fastchanging climatic conditions can negatively affect the grid stability.Therefore,grid operators have incorpo...The variability of the output power of distributed renewable energy sources(DRESs)that originate from the fastchanging climatic conditions can negatively affect the grid stability.Therefore,grid operators have incorporated ramp-rate limitations(RRLs)for the injected DRES power in the grid codes.As the DRES penetration levels increase,the mitigation of high-power ramps is no longer considered as a system support function but rather an ancillary service(AS).Energy storage systems(ESSs)coordinated by RR control algorithms are often applied to mitigate these power fluctuations.However,no unified definition of active power ramps,which is essential to treat the RRL as AS,currently exists.This paper assesses the various definitions for ramp-rate RR and proposes RRL method control for a central battery ESS(BESS)in distribution systems(DSs).The ultimate objective is to restrain high-power ramps at the distribution transformer level so that RRL can be traded as AS to the upstream transmission system(TS).The proposed control is based on the direct control of theΔP/Δt,which means that the control parameters are directly correlated with the RR requirements included in the grid codes.In addition,a novel method for restoring the state of charge(So C)within a specific range following a high ramp-up/down event is proposed.Finally,a parametric method for estimating the sizing of central BESSs(BESS sizing for short)is developed.The BESS sizing is determined by considering the RR requirements,the DRES units,and the load mix of the examined DS.The BESS sizing is directly related to the constant RR achieved using the proposed control.Finally,the proposed methodologies are validated through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and laboratory tests in a commercially available BESS.展开更多
This paper proposes a hierarchical sizing method and a power distribution strategy of a hybrid energy storage system for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs),aiming to reduce both the energy consumption and battery...This paper proposes a hierarchical sizing method and a power distribution strategy of a hybrid energy storage system for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs),aiming to reduce both the energy consumption and battery degradation cost.As the optimal size matching is significant to multi-energy systems like PHEV with both battery and supercapacitor(SC),this hybrid system is adopted herein.First,the hierarchical optimization is conducted,when the optimal power of the internal combustion engine is calculated based on dynamic programming,and a wavelet transformer is introduced to distribute the power between the battery and the SC.Then,the fuel economy and battery degradation are evaluated to return feedback value to each sizing point within the hybrid energy storage system sizing space,obtaining the optimal sizes for the battery and the SC by comparing all the values in the whole sizing space.Finally,an all-hardware test platform is established with a fully active power conversion topology,on which the real-time control capability of the wavelet transformer method and the size matching between the battery and the SC are verified in both short and long time spans.展开更多
This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)formulation for sizing and siting of battery energy storage systems(BESSs).The problem formulation seeks to minimize both operation costs and BESS investment...This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)formulation for sizing and siting of battery energy storage systems(BESSs).The problem formulation seeks to minimize both operation costs and BESS investment.The proposed model includes restrictions of the conventional securityconstrained unit commitment problem,a piece-wise linear approximation to model power losses,and a linear model of hydro generation units.The proposed model is tested in a 6-bus test system and a 15-bus system representing the Colombian power system.For the two studied systems,simulation results show that the reduction of operation costs due to the installation of BESSs compensates the investments,under some of the considered technical cost cases.Additionally,results show that adequate sizing and siting of BESSs reduce renewable energy curtailment in the Colombian power system with high penetration of fluctuating renewable generation.展开更多
In this article, the replacement of the car battery by a hybrid supply is proposed. The specific power of the supercapacitor makes it very attractive for the startup of the car. This component has very high lifetime ...In this article, the replacement of the car battery by a hybrid supply is proposed. The specific power of the supercapacitor makes it very attractive for the startup of the car. This component has very high lifetime （1 million of cycles） which can improve the lifetime of the supply （for starter or starter-alternator）. After the identification of the internal combustion engine torque developed at the startup, the validation of the hybrid supply interest is proved by the simulation of the system using Matlab-Simulink software. Finally, a test bench is developed in the laboratory to validate the simulation results.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51437006)
文摘Currently, small islands are facing an energy supply shortage, which has led to considerable concern.Establishing an island microgrid is a relatively good solution to the problem. However, high investment costs restrict its application. In this paper, micro pumped storage(MPS) is used as an energy storage system(ESS) for islands with good geographical conditions, and deferrable appliance is treated as the virtual power source which can be used in the planning and operational processes.Household acceptance of demand response(DR) is indicated by the demand response participation degree(DRPD), and a sizing optimization model for considering the demand response of household appliances in an island microgrid is proposed. The particle swarm optimization(PSO) is used to obtain the optimal sizing of all major devices. In addition, the battery storage(BS) scheme is used as the control group. The results of case studies demonstrate that the proposed method is effective, and the DR of deferrable appliances and the application of MPS can significantly reduce island microgrid investment.Sensitivity analysis on the total load of the island and the water head of the MPS are conducted.
基金part of and supported by the European UnionHorizon 2020 project“EASY-RES”with G.A.:764090。
文摘The variability of the output power of distributed renewable energy sources(DRESs)that originate from the fastchanging climatic conditions can negatively affect the grid stability.Therefore,grid operators have incorporated ramp-rate limitations(RRLs)for the injected DRES power in the grid codes.As the DRES penetration levels increase,the mitigation of high-power ramps is no longer considered as a system support function but rather an ancillary service(AS).Energy storage systems(ESSs)coordinated by RR control algorithms are often applied to mitigate these power fluctuations.However,no unified definition of active power ramps,which is essential to treat the RRL as AS,currently exists.This paper assesses the various definitions for ramp-rate RR and proposes RRL method control for a central battery ESS(BESS)in distribution systems(DSs).The ultimate objective is to restrain high-power ramps at the distribution transformer level so that RRL can be traded as AS to the upstream transmission system(TS).The proposed control is based on the direct control of theΔP/Δt,which means that the control parameters are directly correlated with the RR requirements included in the grid codes.In addition,a novel method for restoring the state of charge(So C)within a specific range following a high ramp-up/down event is proposed.Finally,a parametric method for estimating the sizing of central BESSs(BESS sizing for short)is developed.The BESS sizing is determined by considering the RR requirements,the DRES units,and the load mix of the examined DS.The BESS sizing is directly related to the constant RR achieved using the proposed control.Finally,the proposed methodologies are validated through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and laboratory tests in a commercially available BESS.
基金This work was supported by the Nature Science Foundation of China with Grant No.51807008 and China Association for Science and Technology Youth Talent Promotion Project.
文摘This paper proposes a hierarchical sizing method and a power distribution strategy of a hybrid energy storage system for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs),aiming to reduce both the energy consumption and battery degradation cost.As the optimal size matching is significant to multi-energy systems like PHEV with both battery and supercapacitor(SC),this hybrid system is adopted herein.First,the hierarchical optimization is conducted,when the optimal power of the internal combustion engine is calculated based on dynamic programming,and a wavelet transformer is introduced to distribute the power between the battery and the SC.Then,the fuel economy and battery degradation are evaluated to return feedback value to each sizing point within the hybrid energy storage system sizing space,obtaining the optimal sizes for the battery and the SC by comparing all the values in the whole sizing space.Finally,an all-hardware test platform is established with a fully active power conversion topology,on which the real-time control capability of the wavelet transformer method and the size matching between the battery and the SC are verified in both short and long time spans.
基金supported by the Grupo Energia Bogotá,within Agreement 101858-2019 between GEB and CEIBA foundationby Minciencias,with the postdoctoral scholarship program 848-2019。
文摘This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)formulation for sizing and siting of battery energy storage systems(BESSs).The problem formulation seeks to minimize both operation costs and BESS investment.The proposed model includes restrictions of the conventional securityconstrained unit commitment problem,a piece-wise linear approximation to model power losses,and a linear model of hydro generation units.The proposed model is tested in a 6-bus test system and a 15-bus system representing the Colombian power system.For the two studied systems,simulation results show that the reduction of operation costs due to the installation of BESSs compensates the investments,under some of the considered technical cost cases.Additionally,results show that adequate sizing and siting of BESSs reduce renewable energy curtailment in the Colombian power system with high penetration of fluctuating renewable generation.
文摘In this article, the replacement of the car battery by a hybrid supply is proposed. The specific power of the supercapacitor makes it very attractive for the startup of the car. This component has very high lifetime （1 million of cycles） which can improve the lifetime of the supply （for starter or starter-alternator）. After the identification of the internal combustion engine torque developed at the startup, the validation of the hybrid supply interest is proved by the simulation of the system using Matlab-Simulink software. Finally, a test bench is developed in the laboratory to validate the simulation results.
