Detailed topographic maps show multiple stream valleys and what are probably dismembered stream valleys that extend completely across Wyoming’s northern Laramie Mountains. Several of the most obvious valleys are desc...Detailed topographic maps show multiple stream valleys and what are probably dismembered stream valleys that extend completely across Wyoming’s northern Laramie Mountains. Several of the most obvious valleys are described with valley origins first explained (or attempted to be explained) from the commonly accepted regional geomorphology paradigm (accepted paradigm) perspective and second from a recently proposed regional geomorphology paradigm (new paradigm) perspective in an effort to determine which of the two paradigms provides the simplest explanations. Accepted paradigm explanations require at least some of the valley erosion to have occurred prior to deposition of Oligocene and Miocene sediments that once covered the northern Laramie Mountains (with some of the exhumed valleys now containing sediment cover remnants). In contrast the fundamentally different new paradigm requires immense south-oriented continental ice sheet melt water floods to have crossed the region as ice sheet related crustal warping raised the region and the Laramie Mountains (and implies sediments now partially filling some of the valleys are probably flood deposited materials). The new paradigm provides simpler explanations for the origins of the valleys now extending completely across the northern Laramie Mountains and also for their related barbed tributaries, truncated side valleys, and drainage route U-turns than the accepted paradigm, although the new paradigm also leads to a fundamentally different middle and late Cenozoic regional geologic history than is currently recognized. One paradigm cannot be used to judge a different paradigm, but the paradigms can be compared based on their ability to explain evidence and Occam’s Razor can determine which of the two paradigms provides the simplest explanations. New paradigm explanations for northern Laramie Mountains valley origins investigated here require fewer assumptions than the accepted paradigm explanations suggesting the new paradigm merits serious future consideration.展开更多
基于Jain提出的高阶紧致有限差分格式(high order compact of Jain,HOCJ),结合卷积积分(convolution integral)与快速傅里叶变换(FFT),构建了一种新颖的数值方法,简称HOCJ-CF,并用于Bates模型下美式看跌期权定价.针对期权定价偏积分微...基于Jain提出的高阶紧致有限差分格式(high order compact of Jain,HOCJ),结合卷积积分(convolution integral)与快速傅里叶变换(FFT),构建了一种新颖的数值方法,简称HOCJ-CF,并用于Bates模型下美式看跌期权定价.针对期权定价偏积分微分方程(PIDE)的微分项,首先将其拆分成三个子偏微分方程(sub-PDE),然后分别应用Numerov离散方法,衍生出具有空间四阶精度和时间二阶精度的HOCJ格式;积分项则将其转化成卷积积分,并运用FFT.在相同模型参数设置下,数值结果验证了新方法在精度、收敛率及效率相比IMEX格式的优越性.展开更多
This paper considers pricing European options under the well-known of SVJ model of Bates and related computational methods. According to the no-arbitrage principle, we first derive a partial differential equation that...This paper considers pricing European options under the well-known of SVJ model of Bates and related computational methods. According to the no-arbitrage principle, we first derive a partial differential equation that the value of any European contingent claim should satisfy, where the asset price obeys the SVJ model. This equation is numerically solved by using the implicit- explicit backward difference method and time semi-discretization. In order to explain the validity of our method, the stability of time semi-discretization scheme is also proved. Finally, we use a simulation example to illustrate the efficiency of the method.展开更多
"Next week!She is coming for three months and there is so much to do before she arrives,"worried Miss Bates. "Then,after her time with us,Jane will look for a job as a governess,"said Mrs Bates unh..."Next week!She is coming for three months and there is so much to do before she arrives,"worried Miss Bates. "Then,after her time with us,Jane will look for a job as a governess,"said Mrs Bates unhappily.展开更多
“Through our walk in Zhejiang,the kindness of the people,the beauty of the scenery and the richness of its culture have left many footprints on our heart and our soul.Our hope is that through our Walk of Friendship w...“Through our walk in Zhejiang,the kindness of the people,the beauty of the scenery and the richness of its culture have left many footprints on our heart and our soul.Our hope is that through our Walk of Friendship we may have left behind a few positive British footprints in the lives and understanding and contributed in a small way to the‘golden era’of friendship between the people of China and the United Kingdom,”remarked British Lord Michael Bates at the premiere of The New Stories of Zhejiang,a documentary following his recentlycompleted walk across China’s coastal province of Zhejiang.The documentary was released to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Bates’walk event and the accompanying documentary were intended to help people better understand Zhejiang and Chinese culture and build a bridge of friendship through cultural exchange.展开更多
在中国,版权没有长期的文化基础。从儒家强调共享文化品,到帝制时代和毛泽东时期更多以政治为动机的处理方式,中国很少存在西方知识产权保护的根基。当全球强调实施版权并采纳西方"产权"保护方法时,一些学者建议数字版权管理(...在中国,版权没有长期的文化基础。从儒家强调共享文化品,到帝制时代和毛泽东时期更多以政治为动机的处理方式,中国很少存在西方知识产权保护的根基。当全球强调实施版权并采纳西方"产权"保护方法时,一些学者建议数字版权管理(DRM)系统能够提供一种替代性范式(Bates,2008)。而且,中国版权程序和过程的实施已经延迟了,尤其是在DRM最合适和有用的电子媒介领域(Liu and Bates,2008)。因此,中国具备了考虑该如何开发DRM系统以替代性保护知识产权的时机。本文将考察几种不同的DRM方法,并考虑开发一种或多种能够反映中国文化、政治和经济状况等因素的保护方法的程度,同时又保持在世界知识产权组织(WIPO)框架的可行范围之内。我们还将考虑一种与文化紧密相关的知识财产管理方法如何有助于媒介和文化产品的创新,以及有助于信息、文化产品和服务的共享。展开更多
文摘Detailed topographic maps show multiple stream valleys and what are probably dismembered stream valleys that extend completely across Wyoming’s northern Laramie Mountains. Several of the most obvious valleys are described with valley origins first explained (or attempted to be explained) from the commonly accepted regional geomorphology paradigm (accepted paradigm) perspective and second from a recently proposed regional geomorphology paradigm (new paradigm) perspective in an effort to determine which of the two paradigms provides the simplest explanations. Accepted paradigm explanations require at least some of the valley erosion to have occurred prior to deposition of Oligocene and Miocene sediments that once covered the northern Laramie Mountains (with some of the exhumed valleys now containing sediment cover remnants). In contrast the fundamentally different new paradigm requires immense south-oriented continental ice sheet melt water floods to have crossed the region as ice sheet related crustal warping raised the region and the Laramie Mountains (and implies sediments now partially filling some of the valleys are probably flood deposited materials). The new paradigm provides simpler explanations for the origins of the valleys now extending completely across the northern Laramie Mountains and also for their related barbed tributaries, truncated side valleys, and drainage route U-turns than the accepted paradigm, although the new paradigm also leads to a fundamentally different middle and late Cenozoic regional geologic history than is currently recognized. One paradigm cannot be used to judge a different paradigm, but the paradigms can be compared based on their ability to explain evidence and Occam’s Razor can determine which of the two paradigms provides the simplest explanations. New paradigm explanations for northern Laramie Mountains valley origins investigated here require fewer assumptions than the accepted paradigm explanations suggesting the new paradigm merits serious future consideration.
文摘基于Jain提出的高阶紧致有限差分格式(high order compact of Jain,HOCJ),结合卷积积分(convolution integral)与快速傅里叶变换(FFT),构建了一种新颖的数值方法,简称HOCJ-CF,并用于Bates模型下美式看跌期权定价.针对期权定价偏积分微分方程(PIDE)的微分项,首先将其拆分成三个子偏微分方程(sub-PDE),然后分别应用Numerov离散方法,衍生出具有空间四阶精度和时间二阶精度的HOCJ格式;积分项则将其转化成卷积积分,并运用FFT.在相同模型参数设置下,数值结果验证了新方法在精度、收敛率及效率相比IMEX格式的优越性.
文摘This paper considers pricing European options under the well-known of SVJ model of Bates and related computational methods. According to the no-arbitrage principle, we first derive a partial differential equation that the value of any European contingent claim should satisfy, where the asset price obeys the SVJ model. This equation is numerically solved by using the implicit- explicit backward difference method and time semi-discretization. In order to explain the validity of our method, the stability of time semi-discretization scheme is also proved. Finally, we use a simulation example to illustrate the efficiency of the method.
文摘"Next week!She is coming for three months and there is so much to do before she arrives,"worried Miss Bates. "Then,after her time with us,Jane will look for a job as a governess,"said Mrs Bates unhappily.
文摘“Through our walk in Zhejiang,the kindness of the people,the beauty of the scenery and the richness of its culture have left many footprints on our heart and our soul.Our hope is that through our Walk of Friendship we may have left behind a few positive British footprints in the lives and understanding and contributed in a small way to the‘golden era’of friendship between the people of China and the United Kingdom,”remarked British Lord Michael Bates at the premiere of The New Stories of Zhejiang,a documentary following his recentlycompleted walk across China’s coastal province of Zhejiang.The documentary was released to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.Bates’walk event and the accompanying documentary were intended to help people better understand Zhejiang and Chinese culture and build a bridge of friendship through cultural exchange.
文摘在中国,版权没有长期的文化基础。从儒家强调共享文化品,到帝制时代和毛泽东时期更多以政治为动机的处理方式,中国很少存在西方知识产权保护的根基。当全球强调实施版权并采纳西方"产权"保护方法时,一些学者建议数字版权管理(DRM)系统能够提供一种替代性范式(Bates,2008)。而且,中国版权程序和过程的实施已经延迟了,尤其是在DRM最合适和有用的电子媒介领域(Liu and Bates,2008)。因此,中国具备了考虑该如何开发DRM系统以替代性保护知识产权的时机。本文将考察几种不同的DRM方法,并考虑开发一种或多种能够反映中国文化、政治和经济状况等因素的保护方法的程度,同时又保持在世界知识产权组织(WIPO)框架的可行范围之内。我们还将考虑一种与文化紧密相关的知识财产管理方法如何有助于媒介和文化产品的创新,以及有助于信息、文化产品和服务的共享。
