Based on field work, organic geochemical analyses and experimental testing, a six-property assessment method for shale gas is proposed. These six properties include organic matter properies, lithofacies, petrophysical...Based on field work, organic geochemical analyses and experimental testing, a six-property assessment method for shale gas is proposed. These six properties include organic matter properies, lithofacies, petrophysical properties, gas content, brittleness and local stress field. Due to the features of continuous distribution over a large area and low resource abundance in shale plays, a sweet spot should have these following properties： （a） TOC〉2%; （b） brittle minerals content （〉40%） and clay minerals （〈30%）; （c） Ro （〉1.1%）; （d） porosity （〉2%） and permeability （〉0.000 1 mD）, and （e） effective thickness （30-50 m）. Applying these criteria in the Sichuan Basin, the Silurian Longmaxi shale consists of four prospecting sweet spots, including blocks of Changning, Weiyuan, Zhaotong and Fushnn-Yongchuan. Although these four blocks have some similarities, different features were usually observed. After comprehensive analyses using the six-property assessment method, the Fushun-Yongan Block ranks the most favorable sweet spot, followed by the Weiyuan Block. For the other two blocks, the Changning Block is better than the Zbaotong Block. By comparing with the Mississippian Barnett shale, characteristics that are crucial for a high-yielding in the Sichuan Basin include a high content of organic matter （TOC〉2.5%）, a moderate thermal maturity （Ro=0.4%-2%）, a high content of brittle minerals （quartz： 30%-45%）, a high gas content （〉2.5 m^3·t^-1）, and types I and II1 kerogen.展开更多
Microseismic technology has been proven to be a practical approach for in-situ monitoring of fracture growth during hydraulic fracture stimulations. Microseismic monitoring has rapidly evolved in acquisition methodolo...Microseismic technology has been proven to be a practical approach for in-situ monitoring of fracture growth during hydraulic fracture stimulations. Microseismic monitoring has rapidly evolved in acquisition methodology, data processing, and in this paper, we evaluate the progression of this technology with emphasis on their applications in Barnett shale gas reservoir. Microseismic data analysis indicates a direct proportion between microseismic moment magnitude and depth, yet no relation between microseismic activity and either injection rate or injection volume has been observed. However, large microseismic magnitudes have been recorded where hydraulic fracturing stimulation approaches a fault and therefore the geologic framework should be integrated in such programs. In addition, the geometry of fracture growth resulted by proppant interactions with naturally fractured formations follows unpredictable fashion due to redirecting the injection fluids along flow paths associated with the pre-existing fault network in the reservoir. While microseismic imaging is incredibly useful in revealing the fracture geometry and the way the fracture evolves, recently several concerns have been raised regarding the capability of microseismic data to provide the fracture dimensional parameters and the fracture mechanism that could provide detailed information for reservoir characterization.展开更多
本书中的论文揭示出19世纪的新教传教先驱用中文为他们的传教对象写了些什么。在伟烈亚力(Alexander Wylie)的书目中,截至1867年来华的338位传教士已刊布的中文作品共有787篇。这些宣教手册、《圣经》译文、杂志和中文书籍中有许多都是...本书中的论文揭示出19世纪的新教传教先驱用中文为他们的传教对象写了些什么。在伟烈亚力(Alexander Wylie)的书目中,截至1867年来华的338位传教士已刊布的中文作品共有787篇。这些宣教手册、《圣经》译文、杂志和中文书籍中有许多都是从美国国外传教理事会(American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions,简称ABCFM)的档案中筛选而来并收藏于哈佛一燕京图书馆。本书所收的文章是1978年由亨利·卢斯基金会(the Henry Luce Foundation)赞助,在哈佛大学召开的一个研讨会的参会论文。本书由巴尼特(Suzanne W.Barnett)负责筹稿并主编,书中探讨了这些传教士作品中的一些重要篇章。它们为我们了解中国提供了一条捷径,并使我们得以着手研究基督教与中国公众的遭遇。展开更多
The purpose of this descriptive study was to collect quantitative, normative data for the Barnett Balance Assessment-Sitting (BBA-SIT), a newly-developed dynamic sitting balance assessment tool based on the Barnett Ba...The purpose of this descriptive study was to collect quantitative, normative data for the Barnett Balance Assessment-Sitting (BBA-SIT), a newly-developed dynamic sitting balance assessment tool based on the Barnett Balance Assessment (BBA). The BBA-SIT was administered to a total of 180 participants (30 people in each of the following age categories: 18 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59, 60 - 69, and 70+) who did not have any current balance deficits. A review of normative data collected indicated no variation in the total assessment scores within and between groups. Future research on the BBA-SIT is needed with balance-impaired populations to determine if the BBA-SIT is sensitive enough to identify subtle differences in dynamic sitting balance in individuals with various levels of balance impairment.展开更多
Phase properties of the even and odd circular states are studied within the Hermitian phase formalism of Pegg and Barnett. Exact analytical formulas for the distribution function and the variance of the phase operator...Phase properties of the even and odd circular states are studied within the Hermitian phase formalism of Pegg and Barnett. Exact analytical formulas for the distribution function and the variance of the phase operator are obtained and used to examine whether or not the even and odd circular states exhibit photon-number squeezing and phase squeezing.展开更多
Principal component analysis (PCA) as used by meteorologists and oceanographers is a powerful tool for analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of physical fields.This study was aimed at applying "quasi-l...Principal component analysis (PCA) as used by meteorologists and oceanographers is a powerful tool for analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of physical fields.This study was aimed at applying "quasi-local PCA for singular factor" to make the cumulative percentage for the first principal component as great as possible, so that a multi-dimensional problem can be reduced to a single-dimensional one, and then stepwise regression analysis can be used to parameterize the relationship between El Nino events and the hydrographic factor anomalies along 137 癊 in winter.The results show that the salinity anomalies on 30 m level, the sigmat on 250 m level, and the temperature on 300 m level at 8 癗 are most closely related with El Nino events because of thermocline movement caused by enhanced upwelling in this area during El Nino years.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2014CB239000)the China Major National Scientific and Technological Project (No. 2011ZX05018-001)
文摘Based on field work, organic geochemical analyses and experimental testing, a six-property assessment method for shale gas is proposed. These six properties include organic matter properies, lithofacies, petrophysical properties, gas content, brittleness and local stress field. Due to the features of continuous distribution over a large area and low resource abundance in shale plays, a sweet spot should have these following properties： （a） TOC〉2%; （b） brittle minerals content （〉40%） and clay minerals （〈30%）; （c） Ro （〉1.1%）; （d） porosity （〉2%） and permeability （〉0.000 1 mD）, and （e） effective thickness （30-50 m）. Applying these criteria in the Sichuan Basin, the Silurian Longmaxi shale consists of four prospecting sweet spots, including blocks of Changning, Weiyuan, Zhaotong and Fushnn-Yongchuan. Although these four blocks have some similarities, different features were usually observed. After comprehensive analyses using the six-property assessment method, the Fushun-Yongan Block ranks the most favorable sweet spot, followed by the Weiyuan Block. For the other two blocks, the Changning Block is better than the Zbaotong Block. By comparing with the Mississippian Barnett shale, characteristics that are crucial for a high-yielding in the Sichuan Basin include a high content of organic matter （TOC〉2.5%）, a moderate thermal maturity （Ro=0.4%-2%）, a high content of brittle minerals （quartz： 30%-45%）, a high gas content （〉2.5 m^3·t^-1）, and types I and II1 kerogen.
文摘Microseismic technology has been proven to be a practical approach for in-situ monitoring of fracture growth during hydraulic fracture stimulations. Microseismic monitoring has rapidly evolved in acquisition methodology, data processing, and in this paper, we evaluate the progression of this technology with emphasis on their applications in Barnett shale gas reservoir. Microseismic data analysis indicates a direct proportion between microseismic moment magnitude and depth, yet no relation between microseismic activity and either injection rate or injection volume has been observed. However, large microseismic magnitudes have been recorded where hydraulic fracturing stimulation approaches a fault and therefore the geologic framework should be integrated in such programs. In addition, the geometry of fracture growth resulted by proppant interactions with naturally fractured formations follows unpredictable fashion due to redirecting the injection fluids along flow paths associated with the pre-existing fault network in the reservoir. While microseismic imaging is incredibly useful in revealing the fracture geometry and the way the fracture evolves, recently several concerns have been raised regarding the capability of microseismic data to provide the fracture dimensional parameters and the fracture mechanism that could provide detailed information for reservoir characterization.
文摘本书中的论文揭示出19世纪的新教传教先驱用中文为他们的传教对象写了些什么。在伟烈亚力(Alexander Wylie)的书目中,截至1867年来华的338位传教士已刊布的中文作品共有787篇。这些宣教手册、《圣经》译文、杂志和中文书籍中有许多都是从美国国外传教理事会(American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions,简称ABCFM)的档案中筛选而来并收藏于哈佛一燕京图书馆。本书所收的文章是1978年由亨利·卢斯基金会(the Henry Luce Foundation)赞助,在哈佛大学召开的一个研讨会的参会论文。本书由巴尼特(Suzanne W.Barnett)负责筹稿并主编,书中探讨了这些传教士作品中的一些重要篇章。它们为我们了解中国提供了一条捷径,并使我们得以着手研究基督教与中国公众的遭遇。
文摘The purpose of this descriptive study was to collect quantitative, normative data for the Barnett Balance Assessment-Sitting (BBA-SIT), a newly-developed dynamic sitting balance assessment tool based on the Barnett Balance Assessment (BBA). The BBA-SIT was administered to a total of 180 participants (30 people in each of the following age categories: 18 - 29, 30 - 39, 40 - 49, 50 - 59, 60 - 69, and 70+) who did not have any current balance deficits. A review of normative data collected indicated no variation in the total assessment scores within and between groups. Future research on the BBA-SIT is needed with balance-impaired populations to determine if the BBA-SIT is sensitive enough to identify subtle differences in dynamic sitting balance in individuals with various levels of balance impairment.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10674038 and 10604042)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB302901)
文摘Phase properties of the even and odd circular states are studied within the Hermitian phase formalism of Pegg and Barnett. Exact analytical formulas for the distribution function and the variance of the phase operator are obtained and used to examine whether or not the even and odd circular states exhibit photon-number squeezing and phase squeezing.
文摘Principal component analysis (PCA) as used by meteorologists and oceanographers is a powerful tool for analysis of the spatial and temporal variability of physical fields.This study was aimed at applying "quasi-local PCA for singular factor" to make the cumulative percentage for the first principal component as great as possible, so that a multi-dimensional problem can be reduced to a single-dimensional one, and then stepwise regression analysis can be used to parameterize the relationship between El Nino events and the hydrographic factor anomalies along 137 癊 in winter.The results show that the salinity anomalies on 30 m level, the sigmat on 250 m level, and the temperature on 300 m level at 8 癗 are most closely related with El Nino events because of thermocline movement caused by enhanced upwelling in this area during El Nino years.
