报道了桦木科（Betulaceae）鹅耳枥属（Carpinus L.）一新种——香港鹅耳枥（C. insularis N. H. Xia, K. S. Pang ＆ Y. H. Tong）.香港鹅耳枥与太鲁阁鹅耳枥（C. hebestroma Yamamoto）及多脉鹅耳枥（C. polyneura Franch.）相似,但...报道了桦木科（Betulaceae）鹅耳枥属（Carpinus L.）一新种——香港鹅耳枥（C. insularis N. H. Xia, K. S. Pang ＆ Y. H. Tong）.香港鹅耳枥与太鲁阁鹅耳枥（C. hebestroma Yamamoto）及多脉鹅耳枥（C. polyneura Franch.）相似,但习性灌木状,叶具13 ~ 16 对侧脉,先端锐尖,边缘锯齿的芒尖较短,果苞宽半卵形或半卵形,长8 ~ 14 mm,小坚果顶端密被长柔毛且疏具树脂状腺体,与后两者易于区别.展开更多
植物体为适应自己的传粉系统,表现出高度的适应特征。风媒花植物为适应风传播花粉,要形成特殊的结构,以扩大接受花粉粒的面积。利用扫描电镜观察了桦木科(B e t u l a c e a e)6属1 8种植物花柱的形态及花粉粒在花柱上的萌发过程,探讨...植物体为适应自己的传粉系统,表现出高度的适应特征。风媒花植物为适应风传播花粉,要形成特殊的结构,以扩大接受花粉粒的面积。利用扫描电镜观察了桦木科(B e t u l a c e a e)6属1 8种植物花柱的形态及花粉粒在花柱上的萌发过程,探讨了桦木科植物花柱适应风媒传粉的特征。结果表明,桦木科植物的二心皮(铁木、云南鹅耳枥稀为三心皮)雌蕊具柱状花柱,柱头不发达,花柱表皮细胞长条状,纵向排列紧密。传粉时,花柱表皮细胞能执行柱头的功能,接受花粉粒,为花粉粒萌发提供场所和萌发条件。桦木科植物花柱有2种类型:一种是花柱表皮细胞能形成乳突,花粉管经乳突细胞进入花柱;另一种是花柱表皮细胞不形成乳突,花粉管经过花柱表皮细胞或胞间隙进入花柱。无论花柱表皮细胞是否形成乳突,乳突的形态、大小以及花粉管和乳突的结合方式等在族间、属间、属内种间存在差异。与基部被子植物相比,桦木科植物的花柱呈现适应风媒传粉的进化特征。桦木科植物花柱表皮细胞形成的乳突与基部被子植物柱头乳突功能相同,是桦木科植物风媒传粉的适应策略。展开更多
为分析桦木科叶绿体基因组编码区密码子的使用特征,利用CodonW1.4.2、Origin、SPSS25.0、MEGA7.0软件和在线程序CUSP对50种桦木科植物叶绿体基因组密码子的偏好性及物种间的系统发育进行分析。结果表明,桦木科叶绿体基因组密码子适应指...为分析桦木科叶绿体基因组编码区密码子的使用特征,利用CodonW1.4.2、Origin、SPSS25.0、MEGA7.0软件和在线程序CUSP对50种桦木科植物叶绿体基因组密码子的偏好性及物种间的系统发育进行分析。结果表明,桦木科叶绿体基因组密码子适应指数(codon adaptation index,CAI)在0.163~0.166之间,平均0.165,有效密码子数(effective number of codon,ENC)范围在49.29~50.46之间,平均49.78,密码子偏好性弱。密码子不同位置的GC含量表现为GC1(45.4%)>GC2(37.4%)>GC3(29.7%),表明桦木科叶绿体密码子偏好于使用A/U结尾。ENC与密码子GC2、GC3及平均GC含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。中性绘图、ENC-plot和PR2-plot分析表明,自然选择是桦木科叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性的主要影响因素。桦木科叶绿体基因组共有15个最优密码子,分别为CUC、CUG、AUC、GUC、GUG、GGG、UGC、CCA、ACG、GCC、CGA、CGG、CAG、GAG、AGG。基于同义密码子相对使用度(relative synonymous codon usage,RSCU)的聚类结果和基于matK基因序列构建的系统发育树在拓扑结构上具有相似性。以上研究结果为进一步对桦木科植物的资源利用、系统发育及叶绿体基因工程研究提供参考。展开更多
A new diarylheptanoid glycoside, 1,7-bis-（3,4-dihydroxyphenyl）-5-hydroxyheptane- 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside （1）, together with nine known diarylheptanoids （2-10） were isolated from the fresh bark of Alnus japonica ...A new diarylheptanoid glycoside, 1,7-bis-（3,4-dihydroxyphenyl）-5-hydroxyheptane- 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside （1）, together with nine known diarylheptanoids （2-10） were isolated from the fresh bark of Alnus japonica which is a species of the genus Alnus species, growing throughout Korea.展开更多
Simple sequence repeats（SSRs） defined as sequence repeat units between 1 and 6 bp occur abundantly in both coding and non-coding regions in eukaryotic genomes and these repeats can affect gene expression. In this st...Simple sequence repeats（SSRs） defined as sequence repeat units between 1 and 6 bp occur abundantly in both coding and non-coding regions in eukaryotic genomes and these repeats can affect gene expression. In this study, ESTs（expressed sequence tags） of Betula pendula（silver birch） were analyzed for in silico mining of ESTSSRs, protein annotation, open reading frames（ORFs）,designing primers, and identifying codon repetitions. In B.pendula, the frequency of ESTs containing SSRs was 7.8 %with an average of 1SSR/4. 78 kb of EST sequences. A total of 188 SSRs was identified by using MISA software and dinucleotide SSR motifs（65.9 %） were found to be the most abundant type of repeat motif followed by tri-（27.1 %）,tetra-（4.8 %）, and penta-（2.2 %） motifs. Based on ORF analysis, 175 of 178 sequences were predicted as ORFs and the most frequent SSRs were detected in 50 UTR（58.43 %）,followed by in ORF（31.46 %） and in 30UTR（8.43 %）. 102 of 178 ESTs were annotated as ribosomal protein, transport protein, membrane protein, carrier protein, binding protein,and transferase protein. For a total of 102 SSRs（57.3 %）with significant matches, a set of 102 primers（100 %） with forward and reverse strands was designed by using Primer 3 software. Serine（Ser, 19.6 %） was predominant in putative encoded amino acids and most of amino acids showed nonpolar（35.3 %） nature. Our data provide resources for B.pendula and can be useful for in silico comparative analyses of Betulaceae species, including SSR mining.展开更多
基金supported by the Project"Compilation of the Chinese Version of Flora of Hong Kong"(AFCD/SQ/110/11)Agriculture,Fisheries and Conservation Department,the Hong Kong Special Administrate Region
文摘报道了桦木科（Betulaceae）鹅耳枥属（Carpinus L.）一新种——香港鹅耳枥（C. insularis N. H. Xia, K. S. Pang ＆ Y. H. Tong）.香港鹅耳枥与太鲁阁鹅耳枥（C. hebestroma Yamamoto）及多脉鹅耳枥（C. polyneura Franch.）相似,但习性灌木状,叶具13 ~ 16 对侧脉,先端锐尖,边缘锯齿的芒尖较短,果苞宽半卵形或半卵形,长8 ~ 14 mm,小坚果顶端密被长柔毛且疏具树脂状腺体,与后两者易于区别.
文摘植物体为适应自己的传粉系统,表现出高度的适应特征。风媒花植物为适应风传播花粉,要形成特殊的结构,以扩大接受花粉粒的面积。利用扫描电镜观察了桦木科(B e t u l a c e a e)6属1 8种植物花柱的形态及花粉粒在花柱上的萌发过程,探讨了桦木科植物花柱适应风媒传粉的特征。结果表明,桦木科植物的二心皮(铁木、云南鹅耳枥稀为三心皮)雌蕊具柱状花柱,柱头不发达,花柱表皮细胞长条状,纵向排列紧密。传粉时,花柱表皮细胞能执行柱头的功能,接受花粉粒,为花粉粒萌发提供场所和萌发条件。桦木科植物花柱有2种类型:一种是花柱表皮细胞能形成乳突,花粉管经乳突细胞进入花柱;另一种是花柱表皮细胞不形成乳突,花粉管经过花柱表皮细胞或胞间隙进入花柱。无论花柱表皮细胞是否形成乳突,乳突的形态、大小以及花粉管和乳突的结合方式等在族间、属间、属内种间存在差异。与基部被子植物相比,桦木科植物的花柱呈现适应风媒传粉的进化特征。桦木科植物花柱表皮细胞形成的乳突与基部被子植物柱头乳突功能相同,是桦木科植物风媒传粉的适应策略。
文摘为分析桦木科叶绿体基因组编码区密码子的使用特征,利用CodonW1.4.2、Origin、SPSS25.0、MEGA7.0软件和在线程序CUSP对50种桦木科植物叶绿体基因组密码子的偏好性及物种间的系统发育进行分析。结果表明,桦木科叶绿体基因组密码子适应指数(codon adaptation index,CAI)在0.163~0.166之间,平均0.165,有效密码子数(effective number of codon,ENC)范围在49.29~50.46之间,平均49.78,密码子偏好性弱。密码子不同位置的GC含量表现为GC1(45.4%)>GC2(37.4%)>GC3(29.7%),表明桦木科叶绿体密码子偏好于使用A/U结尾。ENC与密码子GC2、GC3及平均GC含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。中性绘图、ENC-plot和PR2-plot分析表明,自然选择是桦木科叶绿体基因组密码子偏好性的主要影响因素。桦木科叶绿体基因组共有15个最优密码子,分别为CUC、CUG、AUC、GUC、GUG、GGG、UGC、CCA、ACG、GCC、CGA、CGG、CAG、GAG、AGG。基于同义密码子相对使用度(relative synonymous codon usage,RSCU)的聚类结果和基于matK基因序列构建的系统发育树在拓扑结构上具有相似性。以上研究结果为进一步对桦木科植物的资源利用、系统发育及叶绿体基因工程研究提供参考。
文摘A new diarylheptanoid glycoside, 1,7-bis-（3,4-dihydroxyphenyl）-5-hydroxyheptane- 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside （1）, together with nine known diarylheptanoids （2-10） were isolated from the fresh bark of Alnus japonica which is a species of the genus Alnus species, growing throughout Korea.
文摘Simple sequence repeats（SSRs） defined as sequence repeat units between 1 and 6 bp occur abundantly in both coding and non-coding regions in eukaryotic genomes and these repeats can affect gene expression. In this study, ESTs（expressed sequence tags） of Betula pendula（silver birch） were analyzed for in silico mining of ESTSSRs, protein annotation, open reading frames（ORFs）,designing primers, and identifying codon repetitions. In B.pendula, the frequency of ESTs containing SSRs was 7.8 %with an average of 1SSR/4. 78 kb of EST sequences. A total of 188 SSRs was identified by using MISA software and dinucleotide SSR motifs（65.9 %） were found to be the most abundant type of repeat motif followed by tri-（27.1 %）,tetra-（4.8 %）, and penta-（2.2 %） motifs. Based on ORF analysis, 175 of 178 sequences were predicted as ORFs and the most frequent SSRs were detected in 50 UTR（58.43 %）,followed by in ORF（31.46 %） and in 30UTR（8.43 %）. 102 of 178 ESTs were annotated as ribosomal protein, transport protein, membrane protein, carrier protein, binding protein,and transferase protein. For a total of 102 SSRs（57.3 %）with significant matches, a set of 102 primers（100 %） with forward and reverse strands was designed by using Primer 3 software. Serine（Ser, 19.6 %） was predominant in putative encoded amino acids and most of amino acids showed nonpolar（35.3 %） nature. Our data provide resources for B.pendula and can be useful for in silico comparative analyses of Betulaceae species, including SSR mining.
