Desheptapeptide (B24 B30) insulin (DHPI), a virtually inactive insulin analog, has been crystallized in space group P2\-12\-12\-1 with two DHPI molecules in an asymmetric unit. The orientations and positions of the mo...Desheptapeptide (B24 B30) insulin (DHPI), a virtually inactive insulin analog, has been crystallized in space group P2\-12\-12\-1 with two DHPI molecules in an asymmetric unit. The orientations and positions of the molecules were determined by molecular replacement, and a structural model was built at 0.3 nm resolution. The current model shows that the two DHPI monomers are related by a non crystallographic 2 fold axis, nearly parallel to the crystallographic c axis. This structural feature complicated the determination of the orientation of the local 2 fold axis, which was later confirmed by analysing the diffraction data of DHPI crystals.展开更多
Let X be an RD-space, i.e., a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss, which has the reverse doubling property. Assume that X has a “dimension” n. For α ∈ (0, ∞) denote by H α p (X), H d p (X...Let X be an RD-space, i.e., a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss, which has the reverse doubling property. Assume that X has a “dimension” n. For α ∈ (0, ∞) denote by H α p (X), H d p (X), and H *,p (X) the corresponding Hardy spaces on X defined by the nontangential maximal function, the dyadic maximal function and the grand maximal function, respectively. Using a new inhomogeneous Calderón reproducing formula, it is shown that all these Hardy spaces coincide with L p (X) when p ∈ (1,∞] and with each other when p ∈ (n/(n + 1), 1]. An atomic characterization for H ?,p (X) with p ∈ (n/(n + 1), 1] is also established; moreover, in the range p ∈ (n/(n + 1),1], it is proved that the space H *,p (X), the Hardy space H p (X) defined via the Littlewood-Paley function, and the atomic Hardy space of Coifman andWeiss coincide. Furthermore, it is proved that a sublinear operator T uniquely extends to a bounded sublinear operator from H p (X) to some quasi-Banach space B if and only if T maps all (p, q)-atoms when q ∈ (p, ∞)∩[1, ∞) or continuous (p, ∞)-atoms into uniformly bounded elements of B.展开更多
Let L be a linear operator in L 2 (? n ) and generate an analytic semigroup {e ?tL }t?0 with kernel satisfying an upper bound of Poisson type, whose decay is measured by θ(L) ∈ (0, ∞). Let ω on (0,∞) be of upper ...Let L be a linear operator in L 2 (? n ) and generate an analytic semigroup {e ?tL }t?0 with kernel satisfying an upper bound of Poisson type, whose decay is measured by θ(L) ∈ (0, ∞). Let ω on (0,∞) be of upper type 1 and of critical lower type p o (ω) ? (n/(n+θ(L)),1] and ρ(t) = t t1/ω ?1(t ?1) for t ∈ (0,∞). We introduce the Orlicz-Hardy space H ω, L (? n ) and the BMO-type space BMO ρ, L (? n ) and establish the John-Nirenberg inequality for BMO ρ, L (? n ) functions and the duality relation between H ω, L ((? n ) and BMO ρ, L* (? n ), where L* denotes the adjoint operator of L in L 2 (? n ). Using this duality relation, we further obtain the ρ-Carleson measure characterization of BMO ρ, L* (? n ) and the molecular characterization of H ω, L (? n ); the latter is used to establish the boundedness of the generalized fractional operator L ρ ?γ from H ω, L (? n ) to H L 1 (? n ) or L q (? n ) with certain q > 1, where H L (? n ) is the Hardy space introduced by Auscher, Duong and McIntosh. These results generalize the existing results by taking ω(t) = t p for t ∈ (0,∞) and p ∈ (n/(n + θ(L)), 1].展开更多
研究了拉丝断面压缩率(5%~35%)对Φ9.67~11.69 mm 10B30钢丝(/%:0.28~0.34C,0.0005~0.0030B)球化退火组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着球化退火前拉丝断面压缩率的增加,球化退火组织级别提高,抗拉强度降低,断面收缩率提高,这是因为...研究了拉丝断面压缩率(5%~35%)对Φ9.67~11.69 mm 10B30钢丝(/%:0.28~0.34C,0.0005~0.0030B)球化退火组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着球化退火前拉丝断面压缩率的增加,球化退火组织级别提高,抗拉强度降低,断面收缩率提高,这是因为拉丝促进了球化退火过程中的自发球化和碳化物的ostwald熟化;当拉丝断面压缩率达到25%以上,球化组织和相应的抗拉强度和断面收缩率趋于稳定;实际生产中,退火前拉丝断面压缩率不应低于25%。展开更多
文摘Desheptapeptide (B24 B30) insulin (DHPI), a virtually inactive insulin analog, has been crystallized in space group P2\-12\-12\-1 with two DHPI molecules in an asymmetric unit. The orientations and positions of the molecules were determined by molecular replacement, and a structural model was built at 0.3 nm resolution. The current model shows that the two DHPI monomers are related by a non crystallographic 2 fold axis, nearly parallel to the crystallographic c axis. This structural feature complicated the determination of the orientation of the local 2 fold axis, which was later confirmed by analysing the diffraction data of DHPI crystals.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of USA (Grant No. DMS 0400387)the University of Missouri Research Council (Grant No. URC-07-067)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (Grant No. 10425106)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 04-0142)
文摘Let X be an RD-space, i.e., a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss, which has the reverse doubling property. Assume that X has a “dimension” n. For α ∈ (0, ∞) denote by H α p (X), H d p (X), and H *,p (X) the corresponding Hardy spaces on X defined by the nontangential maximal function, the dyadic maximal function and the grand maximal function, respectively. Using a new inhomogeneous Calderón reproducing formula, it is shown that all these Hardy spaces coincide with L p (X) when p ∈ (1,∞] and with each other when p ∈ (n/(n + 1), 1]. An atomic characterization for H ?,p (X) with p ∈ (n/(n + 1), 1] is also established; moreover, in the range p ∈ (n/(n + 1),1], it is proved that the space H *,p (X), the Hardy space H p (X) defined via the Littlewood-Paley function, and the atomic Hardy space of Coifman andWeiss coincide. Furthermore, it is proved that a sublinear operator T uniquely extends to a bounded sublinear operator from H p (X) to some quasi-Banach space B if and only if T maps all (p, q)-atoms when q ∈ (p, ∞)∩[1, ∞) or continuous (p, ∞)-atoms into uniformly bounded elements of B.
基金supported by National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China (GrantNo. 10425106)
文摘Let L be a linear operator in L 2 (? n ) and generate an analytic semigroup {e ?tL }t?0 with kernel satisfying an upper bound of Poisson type, whose decay is measured by θ(L) ∈ (0, ∞). Let ω on (0,∞) be of upper type 1 and of critical lower type p o (ω) ? (n/(n+θ(L)),1] and ρ(t) = t t1/ω ?1(t ?1) for t ∈ (0,∞). We introduce the Orlicz-Hardy space H ω, L (? n ) and the BMO-type space BMO ρ, L (? n ) and establish the John-Nirenberg inequality for BMO ρ, L (? n ) functions and the duality relation between H ω, L ((? n ) and BMO ρ, L* (? n ), where L* denotes the adjoint operator of L in L 2 (? n ). Using this duality relation, we further obtain the ρ-Carleson measure characterization of BMO ρ, L* (? n ) and the molecular characterization of H ω, L (? n ); the latter is used to establish the boundedness of the generalized fractional operator L ρ ?γ from H ω, L (? n ) to H L 1 (? n ) or L q (? n ) with certain q > 1, where H L (? n ) is the Hardy space introduced by Auscher, Duong and McIntosh. These results generalize the existing results by taking ω(t) = t p for t ∈ (0,∞) and p ∈ (n/(n + θ(L)), 1].
文摘研究了拉丝断面压缩率(5%~35%)对Φ9.67~11.69 mm 10B30钢丝(/%:0.28~0.34C,0.0005~0.0030B)球化退火组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着球化退火前拉丝断面压缩率的增加,球化退火组织级别提高,抗拉强度降低,断面收缩率提高,这是因为拉丝促进了球化退火过程中的自发球化和碳化物的ostwald熟化;当拉丝断面压缩率达到25%以上,球化组织和相应的抗拉强度和断面收缩率趋于稳定;实际生产中,退火前拉丝断面压缩率不应低于25%。
