Plant height has a major effect on grain yield in crops such as rice （Oryza sativa）, and the hormone gibberellic acid （GA） regulates many developmental processes that feed into plant height. Rice ELONGATED UPPERMO...Plant height has a major effect on grain yield in crops such as rice （Oryza sativa）, and the hormone gibberellic acid （GA） regulates many developmental processes that feed into plant height. Rice ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE1 （Euil） encodes a GA-deactivating enzyme governing elongation of the uppermost internode. The expression of Euil is finely tuned, thereby maintaining homeostasis of endogenous bioactive GA and producing plants of normal plant height. Here, we identified a dominant dwarf mutant, dEuil, caused by the deletion of an RY motif-containing cis-silencing element （SE1） in the intron of Euil. Detailed genetic and molecular analysis of SE1 revealed that this intronic cis element recruits at least one trans-acting repressor complex, containing the B3 repressors OsVAL2 and OsGD1, the SAP18 corepressor, and the histone deacetylase OsHDA710, to negatively regulate the expression of Euil. This com- plex generates closed chromatin at Euil, suppressing Euil expression and modulating GA homeostasis. Loss of SE1 or dysfunction of the complex components impairs histone deacetylation and H3K27me3 methylation of Euil chromatin, thereby increasing Euil transcription and decreasing bioactive GA, producing dwarfism in rice. Together, our results reveal a novel silencing mechanism in which the intronic cis element SE1 negatively regulates Euil expression via repressor complexes that modulate histone deacetylation and/or methylation.展开更多
RAV(Related to ABI3/VP1)transcription factors are unique members of the AP2-ERF superfamily with AP2 and B3 domains and play important roles in the regulation of seed germination,plant growth,and stress response.In th...RAV(Related to ABI3/VP1)transcription factors are unique members of the AP2-ERF superfamily with AP2 and B3 domains and play important roles in the regulation of seed germination,plant growth,and stress response.In the study,7 RAV genes,named HvRAVs,were identified in barley based on the available genome sequences.While five of the seven HvRAVs were located on chromosome 3,HvRAV5 and HvRAV7 were located on chromosome 1 and 4,respectively.Six of the predicted HvRAVs were intron-less,except HvRAV2,which had one intron.HvRAV proteins have shown basic,instable,and hydrophilic properties.The AP2 domain specific RAYD and WLG motifs were detected in all HvRAV proteins.Besides,B3 repression domain,R/KLFGV,is also found in the C-terminal of HvRAVs.HvRAVs were found to have stress-related cis-acting elements,including MYB,MYC,and W-BOX.HvRAV2 was predicted to have no GARE motifs,TATCCCA or TAACAA(G/A),and LTREs.Under drought conditions,the expression level of HvRAVs did not significantly change in a drought-sensitive barley genotype,whereas HvRAV5 and HvRAV7 were dramatically down-regulated in a drought-tolerant genotype.Expression of HvRAV5 was also inhibited by salinity.HvRAV7 was strongly induced by plant pathogen attack.Only HvRAV6 was induced by exogenous gibberellin application and during the germination process.Interestingly,HvRAV6 transcript was detected higher than other HvRAVs in all stress and control conditions as well as during germination.In silico analyses have shown that HvRAVs play a role in response to different abiotic and biotic stresses as well as in plant development.However,the extensive biological roles of HvRAV genes in plant development and in response to abiotic and biotic stresses need further investigation.展开更多
In this article, the biosynthetic pathways of storage oil accumulation in oilseed plants were briefly introduced, and the transcription factors, such as B3 do- main supeffamily genes, lecl gene, wril gene etc., and th...In this article, the biosynthetic pathways of storage oil accumulation in oilseed plants were briefly introduced, and the transcription factors, such as B3 do- main supeffamily genes, lecl gene, wril gene etc., and their important role in oil accumulation regulation was mainly elucidated. Overexpession of transcription factors as feasible ways of genetic manipulation to increase oJl content in oilseed crops are promising in a long-term perspective.展开更多
As the main structural protein of oil body,OLEOSIN is highly expressed only during seed development. OLEOSIN promoter is a very useful tool for seed-specific gene engineering and seed bioreactor designing. The B3 doma...As the main structural protein of oil body,OLEOSIN is highly expressed only during seed development. OLEOSIN promoter is a very useful tool for seed-specific gene engineering and seed bioreactor designing. The B3 domain transcription factor leafy cotyledon2 (LEC2) plays an important role in regulating seed development and seed-specific gene expression. Here,we first report how seed-specific B3 domain transcription factor leafy cotyledon2 (LEC2) efficiently activates OLEOSIN expression. The central promoter region of OLEOSIN,responsible for seed specificity and LEC2 activation,was determined by 5'-deletion analysis. Binding experiments in yeast cells and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that LEC2 specifically bound to two conserved RY elements in this region. In transient expression assays,mutation in either RY element dramatically reduced LEC2 activation of OLEOSIN promoter activity,while double mutation abolished it. Analysis of the distribution of RY elements in seed-specific genes activated by LEC2 also supported the idea that genes containing neighboring RY elements responded strongly to LEC2 activation. Therefore,we conclude that two neighboring RY elements are essential for efficient LEC2 activation of OLEOSIN expression. These findings will help us better utilize seed-specific promoter activity.展开更多
High-resolution terahertz absorption and Raman spectra of glutamine in the frequency region 0.2 THz-2.8 THz are obtained by using THz time domain spectroscopy and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy. Based on the experim...High-resolution terahertz absorption and Raman spectra of glutamine in the frequency region 0.2 THz-2.8 THz are obtained by using THz time domain spectroscopy and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy. Based on the experimental and the computational results, the vibration modes corresponding to the terahertz absorption and Raman scatting peaks are assigned and further verified by the theoretical calculations. Spectral investigation of the periodic structure of glutamine based on the sophisticated hybrid density functional B3LYP indicates that the vibrational modes come mainly from the inter-molecular hydrogen bond in this frequency region.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China （2016YFD0100804） and grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31471564）to L.C.
文摘Plant height has a major effect on grain yield in crops such as rice （Oryza sativa）, and the hormone gibberellic acid （GA） regulates many developmental processes that feed into plant height. Rice ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE1 （Euil） encodes a GA-deactivating enzyme governing elongation of the uppermost internode. The expression of Euil is finely tuned, thereby maintaining homeostasis of endogenous bioactive GA and producing plants of normal plant height. Here, we identified a dominant dwarf mutant, dEuil, caused by the deletion of an RY motif-containing cis-silencing element （SE1） in the intron of Euil. Detailed genetic and molecular analysis of SE1 revealed that this intronic cis element recruits at least one trans-acting repressor complex, containing the B3 repressors OsVAL2 and OsGD1, the SAP18 corepressor, and the histone deacetylase OsHDA710, to negatively regulate the expression of Euil. This com- plex generates closed chromatin at Euil, suppressing Euil expression and modulating GA homeostasis. Loss of SE1 or dysfunction of the complex components impairs histone deacetylation and H3K27me3 methylation of Euil chromatin, thereby increasing Euil transcription and decreasing bioactive GA, producing dwarfism in rice. Together, our results reveal a novel silencing mechanism in which the intronic cis element SE1 negatively regulates Euil expression via repressor complexes that modulate histone deacetylation and/or methylation.
文摘RAV(Related to ABI3/VP1)transcription factors are unique members of the AP2-ERF superfamily with AP2 and B3 domains and play important roles in the regulation of seed germination,plant growth,and stress response.In the study,7 RAV genes,named HvRAVs,were identified in barley based on the available genome sequences.While five of the seven HvRAVs were located on chromosome 3,HvRAV5 and HvRAV7 were located on chromosome 1 and 4,respectively.Six of the predicted HvRAVs were intron-less,except HvRAV2,which had one intron.HvRAV proteins have shown basic,instable,and hydrophilic properties.The AP2 domain specific RAYD and WLG motifs were detected in all HvRAV proteins.Besides,B3 repression domain,R/KLFGV,is also found in the C-terminal of HvRAVs.HvRAVs were found to have stress-related cis-acting elements,including MYB,MYC,and W-BOX.HvRAV2 was predicted to have no GARE motifs,TATCCCA or TAACAA(G/A),and LTREs.Under drought conditions,the expression level of HvRAVs did not significantly change in a drought-sensitive barley genotype,whereas HvRAV5 and HvRAV7 were dramatically down-regulated in a drought-tolerant genotype.Expression of HvRAV5 was also inhibited by salinity.HvRAV7 was strongly induced by plant pathogen attack.Only HvRAV6 was induced by exogenous gibberellin application and during the germination process.Interestingly,HvRAV6 transcript was detected higher than other HvRAVs in all stress and control conditions as well as during germination.In silico analyses have shown that HvRAVs play a role in response to different abiotic and biotic stresses as well as in plant development.However,the extensive biological roles of HvRAV genes in plant development and in response to abiotic and biotic stresses need further investigation.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province [(2011)2089]Engineering Technology Research Center Building Fund of Guizhou Province ([2012]4006)Excellent Scientific and Educational Governor Fund of Guizhou Province ([2009]06)~~
文摘In this article, the biosynthetic pathways of storage oil accumulation in oilseed plants were briefly introduced, and the transcription factors, such as B3 do- main supeffamily genes, lecl gene, wril gene etc., and their important role in oil accumulation regulation was mainly elucidated. Overexpession of transcription factors as feasible ways of genetic manipulation to increase oJl content in oilseed crops are promising in a long-term perspective.
基金Supported by the Grants from Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan and the National Special Project of Transgenic Organisms (Grant No. 2008ZX08010-001) of the Chinese Government
文摘As the main structural protein of oil body,OLEOSIN is highly expressed only during seed development. OLEOSIN promoter is a very useful tool for seed-specific gene engineering and seed bioreactor designing. The B3 domain transcription factor leafy cotyledon2 (LEC2) plays an important role in regulating seed development and seed-specific gene expression. Here,we first report how seed-specific B3 domain transcription factor leafy cotyledon2 (LEC2) efficiently activates OLEOSIN expression. The central promoter region of OLEOSIN,responsible for seed specificity and LEC2 activation,was determined by 5'-deletion analysis. Binding experiments in yeast cells and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that LEC2 specifically bound to two conserved RY elements in this region. In transient expression assays,mutation in either RY element dramatically reduced LEC2 activation of OLEOSIN promoter activity,while double mutation abolished it. Analysis of the distribution of RY elements in seed-specific genes activated by LEC2 also supported the idea that genes containing neighboring RY elements responded strongly to LEC2 activation. Therefore,we conclude that two neighboring RY elements are essential for efficient LEC2 activation of OLEOSIN expression. These findings will help us better utilize seed-specific promoter activity.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB310408)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. KZ201110028035)
文摘High-resolution terahertz absorption and Raman spectra of glutamine in the frequency region 0.2 THz-2.8 THz are obtained by using THz time domain spectroscopy and low-frequency Raman spectroscopy. Based on the experimental and the computational results, the vibration modes corresponding to the terahertz absorption and Raman scatting peaks are assigned and further verified by the theoretical calculations. Spectral investigation of the periodic structure of glutamine based on the sophisticated hybrid density functional B3LYP indicates that the vibrational modes come mainly from the inter-molecular hydrogen bond in this frequency region.
