Three new glucosylated caffeoylquinic acid isomers (1-3), along with six known compounds, have been isolated from an aqueous extract of the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Structures of the new compounds were determ...Three new glucosylated caffeoylquinic acid isomers (1-3), along with six known compounds, have been isolated from an aqueous extract of the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as (-)-4-O-(4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)quinic acid (-)-3-O-(4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)quinic acid (2), and (-)-5-O-(4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)quinic acid (3), respectively. In the preliminary in vitro assays, two known compounds methyl caffeate and 2'-O-methyladenosine showed inhibitory activity against Coxsackie virus B3 with IC50 values of 3.70 mu mol/L and 6.41 mu mol/L and SI values of 7.8 and 12.1, respectively. (C) 2015 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.展开更多
Background Macrophage migration inhibitory factor （MIF） is an upstream regulator in immune and inflammatory responses.However,its role in viral myocarditis remains unknown.In this study,we investigated the role of t...Background Macrophage migration inhibitory factor （MIF） is an upstream regulator in immune and inflammatory responses.However,its role in viral myocarditis remains unknown.In this study,we investigated the role of the MIF in coxsackievirus B3 （CVB3）-induced myocarditis.Methods Mice were randomized into two groups receiving either Eagle＇s minimal essential medium （EMEM,control group） or virus solution （infected group）.Subsets of mice in the infected group were sacrificed on days 3,7,14 and 28 after inoculation.Expression of MIF was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）,reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.A neutralizing antibody （Ab） to MIF was injected intraperitoneally from day 0 to 7 after inoculation.Disease severity was estimated by histopathology of the heart and by the heart weight to body weight ratio,and the interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） in the myocardium were measured by ELISA on day 14.Results The serum MIF concentration and expression levels of myocardial MIF mRNA and protein were significantly elevated in mice on days 7 and 14 post-infection.The survival rate was markedly higher and disease severity was obviously less in mice treated with anti-MIF Ab.Furthermore,MIF blockade significantly decreased the IL-1β and TNF-α in the myocarditic heart.Conclusion These results demonstrate that MIF is an important naturally occurring inflammatory cytokine in CVB3-induced myocarditis,and anti-MIF Ab may lessen the inflammatory response.展开更多
Boron for aluminum substitution in the cordierite structure has been examined by sol-gel preparation of different samples along the compositional junction Mg2Al4-xBxSi5O18 with x=0,0.5,1,1.5.By increasing the x value ...Boron for aluminum substitution in the cordierite structure has been examined by sol-gel preparation of different samples along the compositional junction Mg2Al4-xBxSi5O18 with x=0,0.5,1,1.5.By increasing the x value from 0 to 1.5 the crystallization behavior changed accordingly.Proper amount B2O3 doping can promote the sintering of amorphous cordierite gel,effectively restrain the precipitation of μ-cordierite and enhance the crystallization of α-cordierite.The substitution of B3＋ for Al3＋ in cordierite crystal structure can effectively improve the near-infrared spectral emissivity of this cordierite based glass-ceramics.展开更多
AIM: To construct the expression vector of B3 (scdsFv)-SEA (D227A) and to identify its binding and cytotoxic ability to B3 antigen positive carcinoma cell lines.METHODS: This fusion protein was produced by a bacterial...AIM: To construct the expression vector of B3 (scdsFv)-SEA (D227A) and to identify its binding and cytotoxic ability to B3 antigen positive carcinoma cell lines.METHODS: This fusion protein was produced by a bacterial expression system in this study. It was expressed mainly in the inclusion body. The gene product was solubilized by guanidine hydrochloride, refolded by conventional dilution method, and purified using SP-sepharose cation chromatography.RESULTS: The expression vector B3 (scdsFv)-SEA-PETwas constructed, the expression product existed mainly in the inclusion body, the refolding product retained the binding ability of the single-chain antibody and had cytotoxic effect on HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. The stability assay showed that the resulting protein was stable at 37 ℃.CONCLUSION: This genetically engineered B3 (scdsFv)-SEA fusion protein has bifunction of tumor targeting and tumor cell killing and shows its promises as an effective reagent for tumor-targeted immunotherapy.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability worldwide,affecting over 69 million individuals yearly.One-carbon metabolism has been shown to have beneficial effects after brain damage,such as ischemi...Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability worldwide,affecting over 69 million individuals yearly.One-carbon metabolism has been shown to have beneficial effects after brain damage,such as ischemic stroke.However,whether increasing one-carbon metabolite vitamins impacts traumatic brain injury outcomes in patients requires more investigation.The aim of this review is to evaluate how one-carbon metabolites impact outcomes after the onset of traumatic brain injury.PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies that examined the impact of B-vitamin supplementation on traumatic brain injury outcomes.The search terms included combinations of the following words:traumatic brain injury,dietary supplementation,one-carbon metabolism,and B-vitamins.The focus of each literature search was basic science data.The year of publication in the literature searches was not limited.Our analysis of the literature has shown that dietary supplementation of B-vitamins has significantly improved the functional and behavioral recove ry of animals with traumatic brain injury compared to controls.Howeve r,this improvement is dosage-dependent and is contingent upon the onset of supplementation and whether there is a sustained or continuous delive ry of vitamin supplementation post-traumatic brain injury.The details of supplementation post-traumatic brain injury need to be further investigated.Overall,we conclude that B-vitamin supplementation improves behavioral outcomes and reduces cognitive impairment post-traumatic brain injury in animal model systems.Further investigation in a clinical setting should be stro ngly considered in co njunction with current medical treatments for traumatic brain injury-affected individuals.展开更多
Three new phenolics（1–3） and twenty-eight known compounds（4–31） were isolated from an ethanolic extract of roots of Alangium chinense. Compound 11 exhibited antiviral activity against Coxsackie virus B3 with IC5...Three new phenolics（1–3） and twenty-eight known compounds（4–31） were isolated from an ethanolic extract of roots of Alangium chinense. Compound 11 exhibited antiviral activity against Coxsackie virus B3 with IC50 values of 16.89 mmol/L. Compounds 1, 10–17, 19–21, and 23 showed strong antioxidant activity against Fe^2＋-cysteine-induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation, with IC50 values of 0.14–8.18 mmol/L.展开更多
As the main structural protein of oil body,OLEOSIN is highly expressed only during seed development. OLEOSIN promoter is a very useful tool for seed-specific gene engineering and seed bioreactor designing. The B3 doma...As the main structural protein of oil body,OLEOSIN is highly expressed only during seed development. OLEOSIN promoter is a very useful tool for seed-specific gene engineering and seed bioreactor designing. The B3 domain transcription factor leafy cotyledon2 (LEC2) plays an important role in regulating seed development and seed-specific gene expression. Here,we first report how seed-specific B3 domain transcription factor leafy cotyledon2 (LEC2) efficiently activates OLEOSIN expression. The central promoter region of OLEOSIN,responsible for seed specificity and LEC2 activation,was determined by 5'-deletion analysis. Binding experiments in yeast cells and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that LEC2 specifically bound to two conserved RY elements in this region. In transient expression assays,mutation in either RY element dramatically reduced LEC2 activation of OLEOSIN promoter activity,while double mutation abolished it. Analysis of the distribution of RY elements in seed-specific genes activated by LEC2 also supported the idea that genes containing neighboring RY elements responded strongly to LEC2 activation. Therefore,we conclude that two neighboring RY elements are essential for efficient LEC2 activation of OLEOSIN expression. These findings will help us better utilize seed-specific promoter activity.展开更多
Plant height has a major effect on grain yield in crops such as rice （Oryza sativa）, and the hormone gibberellic acid （GA） regulates many developmental processes that feed into plant height. Rice ELONGATED UPPERMO...Plant height has a major effect on grain yield in crops such as rice （Oryza sativa）, and the hormone gibberellic acid （GA） regulates many developmental processes that feed into plant height. Rice ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE1 （Euil） encodes a GA-deactivating enzyme governing elongation of the uppermost internode. The expression of Euil is finely tuned, thereby maintaining homeostasis of endogenous bioactive GA and producing plants of normal plant height. Here, we identified a dominant dwarf mutant, dEuil, caused by the deletion of an RY motif-containing cis-silencing element （SE1） in the intron of Euil. Detailed genetic and molecular analysis of SE1 revealed that this intronic cis element recruits at least one trans-acting repressor complex, containing the B3 repressors OsVAL2 and OsGD1, the SAP18 corepressor, and the histone deacetylase OsHDA710, to negatively regulate the expression of Euil. This com- plex generates closed chromatin at Euil, suppressing Euil expression and modulating GA homeostasis. Loss of SE1 or dysfunction of the complex components impairs histone deacetylation and H3K27me3 methylation of Euil chromatin, thereby increasing Euil transcription and decreasing bioactive GA, producing dwarfism in rice. Together, our results reveal a novel silencing mechanism in which the intronic cis element SE1 negatively regulates Euil expression via repressor complexes that modulate histone deacetylation and/or methylation.展开更多
Background:Hyperglycemia is a typical symptom of diabetes.High glucose induces apoptosis of isletβcells.While autophagy functions in cytoprotection and autophagic cell death.The interaction between autophagy and apop...Background:Hyperglycemia is a typical symptom of diabetes.High glucose induces apoptosis of isletβcells.While autophagy functions in cytoprotection and autophagic cell death.The interaction between autophagy and apoptosis is important in the modulation of the function of isletβcells.Vitamin B3 can induce autophagy and inhibit isletβapoptosis.Method:The mechanism of vitamin B3-mediated protective effect on the function of isletβcells was explored by the method of western blot,immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.Results:In the present study,high glucose stress increased the apoptosis rate,while vitamin B3 reduced the apoptosis rate.The effect of vitamin B3 on autophagy flux under normal and high glucose stress was also investigated.Vitamin B3 increased the number of autophagosomes and increased the light chain(LC)3-II/LC3-I ratio.In contrast,vitamin B3 decreased sequestosome 1(SQSTM1)/p62 protein expression and inhibited the phosphorylation of mammalian ribosomal protein S6 kinaseβ-1(p70S6K/S6K1),which was a substrate of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)under normal and high glucose stress.To further verify the protective effect of vitamin B3 on apoptosis,we treated isletβcell RIN-m5F with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA).Vitamin B3 decreased the apoptosis rate under high glucose stress,while the inhibition of apoptosis by vitamin B3 was blocked after adding 3-MA.Conclusion:Our data suggested that vitamin B3 reduced the apoptosis rate ofβcells,possibly through inducing autophagy under high glucose stress.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the protein and mRNA expression of semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 in gastric carcinoma and explore its role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.METHODS:Expression of semaph...AIM:To investigate the protein and mRNA expression of semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 in gastric carcinoma and explore its role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.METHODS:Expression of semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 in 48 samples of primary gastric carcinoma,its corresponding non-neoplastic mucosa,and matched regional lymph node metastasis was assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS:The protein and mRNA expression of semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 increased gradually in non-neoplastic mucosa,primary gastric carcinoma and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Moreover,the expression of semaphorin 5A was closely correlated with that of plexin B3.CONCLUSION:Semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.展开更多
Cell death can be classified into two categories: apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptotic pathway can beeither caspase-dependent or caspase-independent. Caspase-independent cytopathic effect (CPE) has beendescribed. In orde...Cell death can be classified into two categories: apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptotic pathway can beeither caspase-dependent or caspase-independent. Caspase-independent cytopathic effect (CPE) has beendescribed. In order to evaluate the pattern of HeLa cell death induced by Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)and whether apoptosis involves caspase activation, we co-cultivated HeLa cells with CVB3 and detectedthe cytopathic changes, the alteration of mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3 gene plus caspase-3activity, as well as analyzing DNA fragmentation before and after caspase-3 activity inhibition. Accordingto the results, we propose that CVB3 may induce apoptosis and necrosis in HeLa cells, the latter appearingmuch earlier. Caspase-3 is activated at the levels of both transcription and translation, and procaspase-3 isproteolytically cleaved, thus leading to the continuous increasing of both caspase-3 precursor protein and itssubunit. However, besides CPE, apoptosis induced by CVB3 is not a direct consequence of the activationof caspase-3, or caspase-3 is not the only effector molecule in apoptotic cell death, for caspase-3 inhibitorcan not decrease DNA fragmentation. Some other biochemical mechanisms may participate in the process,whose role weakens the effect of inhibiting caspase-3 activity.展开更多
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC,Nos.20772156 and 30825044)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT,No.IRT1007)the National Science and Technology Project of China (No.2012ZX09301002-002)
文摘Three new glucosylated caffeoylquinic acid isomers (1-3), along with six known compounds, have been isolated from an aqueous extract of the flower buds of Lonicera japonica. Structures of the new compounds were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods as (-)-4-O-(4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)quinic acid (-)-3-O-(4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)quinic acid (2), and (-)-5-O-(4-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylcaffeoyl)quinic acid (3), respectively. In the preliminary in vitro assays, two known compounds methyl caffeate and 2'-O-methyladenosine showed inhibitory activity against Coxsackie virus B3 with IC50 values of 3.70 mu mol/L and 6.41 mu mol/L and SI values of 7.8 and 12.1, respectively. (C) 2015 Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
基金This study was supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30271665）, and the Plan Project of Hunan Provincial Science ＆ Technology Department of China （No. 2009JT4010）.
文摘Background Macrophage migration inhibitory factor （MIF） is an upstream regulator in immune and inflammatory responses.However,its role in viral myocarditis remains unknown.In this study,we investigated the role of the MIF in coxsackievirus B3 （CVB3）-induced myocarditis.Methods Mice were randomized into two groups receiving either Eagle＇s minimal essential medium （EMEM,control group） or virus solution （infected group）.Subsets of mice in the infected group were sacrificed on days 3,7,14 and 28 after inoculation.Expression of MIF was detected using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）,reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.A neutralizing antibody （Ab） to MIF was injected intraperitoneally from day 0 to 7 after inoculation.Disease severity was estimated by histopathology of the heart and by the heart weight to body weight ratio,and the interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） in the myocardium were measured by ELISA on day 14.Results The serum MIF concentration and expression levels of myocardial MIF mRNA and protein were significantly elevated in mice on days 7 and 14 post-infection.The survival rate was markedly higher and disease severity was obviously less in mice treated with anti-MIF Ab.Furthermore,MIF blockade significantly decreased the IL-1β and TNF-α in the myocarditic heart.Conclusion These results demonstrate that MIF is an important naturally occurring inflammatory cytokine in CVB3-induced myocarditis,and anti-MIF Ab may lessen the inflammatory response.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 50771014)
文摘Boron for aluminum substitution in the cordierite structure has been examined by sol-gel preparation of different samples along the compositional junction Mg2Al4-xBxSi5O18 with x=0,0.5,1,1.5.By increasing the x value from 0 to 1.5 the crystallization behavior changed accordingly.Proper amount B2O3 doping can promote the sintering of amorphous cordierite gel,effectively restrain the precipitation of μ-cordierite and enhance the crystallization of α-cordierite.The substitution of B3＋ for Al3＋ in cordierite crystal structure can effectively improve the near-infrared spectral emissivity of this cordierite based glass-ceramics.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30271478
文摘AIM: To construct the expression vector of B3 (scdsFv)-SEA (D227A) and to identify its binding and cytotoxic ability to B3 antigen positive carcinoma cell lines.METHODS: This fusion protein was produced by a bacterial expression system in this study. It was expressed mainly in the inclusion body. The gene product was solubilized by guanidine hydrochloride, refolded by conventional dilution method, and purified using SP-sepharose cation chromatography.RESULTS: The expression vector B3 (scdsFv)-SEA-PETwas constructed, the expression product existed mainly in the inclusion body, the refolding product retained the binding ability of the single-chain antibody and had cytotoxic effect on HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. The stability assay showed that the resulting protein was stable at 37 ℃.CONCLUSION: This genetically engineered B3 (scdsFv)-SEA fusion protein has bifunction of tumor targeting and tumor cell killing and shows its promises as an effective reagent for tumor-targeted immunotherapy.
基金Salary for TCT was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant(R01NS100793)。
文摘Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability worldwide,affecting over 69 million individuals yearly.One-carbon metabolism has been shown to have beneficial effects after brain damage,such as ischemic stroke.However,whether increasing one-carbon metabolite vitamins impacts traumatic brain injury outcomes in patients requires more investigation.The aim of this review is to evaluate how one-carbon metabolites impact outcomes after the onset of traumatic brain injury.PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies that examined the impact of B-vitamin supplementation on traumatic brain injury outcomes.The search terms included combinations of the following words:traumatic brain injury,dietary supplementation,one-carbon metabolism,and B-vitamins.The focus of each literature search was basic science data.The year of publication in the literature searches was not limited.Our analysis of the literature has shown that dietary supplementation of B-vitamins has significantly improved the functional and behavioral recove ry of animals with traumatic brain injury compared to controls.Howeve r,this improvement is dosage-dependent and is contingent upon the onset of supplementation and whether there is a sustained or continuous delive ry of vitamin supplementation post-traumatic brain injury.The details of supplementation post-traumatic brain injury need to be further investigated.Overall,we conclude that B-vitamin supplementation improves behavioral outcomes and reduces cognitive impairment post-traumatic brain injury in animal model systems.Further investigation in a clinical setting should be stro ngly considered in co njunction with current medical treatments for traumatic brain injury-affected individuals.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Project of China (No. 2009ZX09311-004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 201072234)
文摘Three new phenolics（1–3） and twenty-eight known compounds（4–31） were isolated from an ethanolic extract of roots of Alangium chinense. Compound 11 exhibited antiviral activity against Coxsackie virus B3 with IC50 values of 16.89 mmol/L. Compounds 1, 10–17, 19–21, and 23 showed strong antioxidant activity against Fe^2＋-cysteine-induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation, with IC50 values of 0.14–8.18 mmol/L.
基金Supported by the Grants from Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan and the National Special Project of Transgenic Organisms (Grant No. 2008ZX08010-001) of the Chinese Government
文摘As the main structural protein of oil body,OLEOSIN is highly expressed only during seed development. OLEOSIN promoter is a very useful tool for seed-specific gene engineering and seed bioreactor designing. The B3 domain transcription factor leafy cotyledon2 (LEC2) plays an important role in regulating seed development and seed-specific gene expression. Here,we first report how seed-specific B3 domain transcription factor leafy cotyledon2 (LEC2) efficiently activates OLEOSIN expression. The central promoter region of OLEOSIN,responsible for seed specificity and LEC2 activation,was determined by 5'-deletion analysis. Binding experiments in yeast cells and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that LEC2 specifically bound to two conserved RY elements in this region. In transient expression assays,mutation in either RY element dramatically reduced LEC2 activation of OLEOSIN promoter activity,while double mutation abolished it. Analysis of the distribution of RY elements in seed-specific genes activated by LEC2 also supported the idea that genes containing neighboring RY elements responded strongly to LEC2 activation. Therefore,we conclude that two neighboring RY elements are essential for efficient LEC2 activation of OLEOSIN expression. These findings will help us better utilize seed-specific promoter activity.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China （2016YFD0100804） and grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （31471564）to L.C.
文摘Plant height has a major effect on grain yield in crops such as rice （Oryza sativa）, and the hormone gibberellic acid （GA） regulates many developmental processes that feed into plant height. Rice ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE1 （Euil） encodes a GA-deactivating enzyme governing elongation of the uppermost internode. The expression of Euil is finely tuned, thereby maintaining homeostasis of endogenous bioactive GA and producing plants of normal plant height. Here, we identified a dominant dwarf mutant, dEuil, caused by the deletion of an RY motif-containing cis-silencing element （SE1） in the intron of Euil. Detailed genetic and molecular analysis of SE1 revealed that this intronic cis element recruits at least one trans-acting repressor complex, containing the B3 repressors OsVAL2 and OsGD1, the SAP18 corepressor, and the histone deacetylase OsHDA710, to negatively regulate the expression of Euil. This com- plex generates closed chromatin at Euil, suppressing Euil expression and modulating GA homeostasis. Loss of SE1 or dysfunction of the complex components impairs histone deacetylation and H3K27me3 methylation of Euil chromatin, thereby increasing Euil transcription and decreasing bioactive GA, producing dwarfism in rice. Together, our results reveal a novel silencing mechanism in which the intronic cis element SE1 negatively regulates Euil expression via repressor complexes that modulate histone deacetylation and/or methylation.
基金supported by the National-Natural Science Foundation of China(32072334),the General Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province(20C0959)the Changsha Natural Science Foundation(kq2007020).
文摘Background:Hyperglycemia is a typical symptom of diabetes.High glucose induces apoptosis of isletβcells.While autophagy functions in cytoprotection and autophagic cell death.The interaction between autophagy and apoptosis is important in the modulation of the function of isletβcells.Vitamin B3 can induce autophagy and inhibit isletβapoptosis.Method:The mechanism of vitamin B3-mediated protective effect on the function of isletβcells was explored by the method of western blot,immunofluorescence and flow cytometry.Results:In the present study,high glucose stress increased the apoptosis rate,while vitamin B3 reduced the apoptosis rate.The effect of vitamin B3 on autophagy flux under normal and high glucose stress was also investigated.Vitamin B3 increased the number of autophagosomes and increased the light chain(LC)3-II/LC3-I ratio.In contrast,vitamin B3 decreased sequestosome 1(SQSTM1)/p62 protein expression and inhibited the phosphorylation of mammalian ribosomal protein S6 kinaseβ-1(p70S6K/S6K1),which was a substrate of mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)under normal and high glucose stress.To further verify the protective effect of vitamin B3 on apoptosis,we treated isletβcell RIN-m5F with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA).Vitamin B3 decreased the apoptosis rate under high glucose stress,while the inhibition of apoptosis by vitamin B3 was blocked after adding 3-MA.Conclusion:Our data suggested that vitamin B3 reduced the apoptosis rate ofβcells,possibly through inducing autophagy under high glucose stress.
文摘AIM:To investigate the protein and mRNA expression of semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 in gastric carcinoma and explore its role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.METHODS:Expression of semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 in 48 samples of primary gastric carcinoma,its corresponding non-neoplastic mucosa,and matched regional lymph node metastasis was assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting.RESULTS:The protein and mRNA expression of semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 increased gradually in non-neoplastic mucosa,primary gastric carcinoma and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Moreover,the expression of semaphorin 5A was closely correlated with that of plexin B3.CONCLUSION:Semaphorin 5A and its receptor plexin B3 play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma.
文摘Cell death can be classified into two categories: apoptosis and necrosis. Apoptotic pathway can beeither caspase-dependent or caspase-independent. Caspase-independent cytopathic effect (CPE) has beendescribed. In order to evaluate the pattern of HeLa cell death induced by Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)and whether apoptosis involves caspase activation, we co-cultivated HeLa cells with CVB3 and detectedthe cytopathic changes, the alteration of mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3 gene plus caspase-3activity, as well as analyzing DNA fragmentation before and after caspase-3 activity inhibition. Accordingto the results, we propose that CVB3 may induce apoptosis and necrosis in HeLa cells, the latter appearingmuch earlier. Caspase-3 is activated at the levels of both transcription and translation, and procaspase-3 isproteolytically cleaved, thus leading to the continuous increasing of both caspase-3 precursor protein and itssubunit. However, besides CPE, apoptosis induced by CVB3 is not a direct consequence of the activationof caspase-3, or caspase-3 is not the only effector molecule in apoptotic cell death, for caspase-3 inhibitorcan not decrease DNA fragmentation. Some other biochemical mechanisms may participate in the process,whose role weakens the effect of inhibiting caspase-3 activity.
