Mercury, as a global pollutant, has significant impacts on the environment and human health. The current state of atmospheric mercury emissions, pollution and control in China is comprehensively reviewed in this paper...Mercury, as a global pollutant, has significant impacts on the environment and human health. The current state of atmospheric mercury emissions, pollution and control in China is comprehensively reviewed in this paper. With about 500-800 t of anthropogenic mercury emissions, China contributes 25%-40% to the global mercury emissions. The dominant mercury emission sources in China are coal combustion, non-ferrous metal smelting, cement production and iron and steel production. The mercury emissions from natural sources in China are equivalent to the anthropogenic mercury emissions. The atmospheric mercury concentration in China is about 2-10 times the background level of North Hemisphere. The mercury deposition fluxes in remote areas in China are usually in the range of 10-50μg·m^-2·yr^-1. To reduce mercury emissions, legislations have been enacted for power plants, non-ferrous metal smelters and waste incinerators. Currently mercury contented in the flue gas is mainly removed through existing air pollution control devices for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particles. Dedicated mercury control technologies are required in the future to further mitigate the mercury emissions in China.展开更多
Coal combustion and mercury pollution are closely linked, and this relationship is particularly relevant in China, the world＇s largest coal consumer. This paper begins with a summary of recent China-specific studies ...Coal combustion and mercury pollution are closely linked, and this relationship is particularly relevant in China, the world＇s largest coal consumer. This paper begins with a summary of recent China-specific studies on mercury removal by air pollution control technologies and then provides an economic analysis of mercury abatement from these emission control technologies at coal-fired power plants in China. This includes a cost-effectiveness analysis at the enterprise and sector level in China using 2010 as a baseline and projecting out to 2020 and2030. Of the control technologies evaluated, the most cost-effective is a fabric filter installed upstream of the wet flue gas desulfurization system（FF ＋ WFGD）. Halogen injection（HI） is also a cost-effective mercury-specific control strategy, although it has not yet reached commercial maturity. The sector-level analysis shows that 193 tons of mercury was removed in 2010 in China＇s coal-fired power sector, with annualized mercury emission control costs of 2.7 billion Chinese Yuan. Under a projected 2030 Emission Control（EC） scenario with stringent mercury limits compared to Business As Usual（BAU） scenario, the increase of selective catalytic reduction systems（SCR） and the use of HI could contribute to 39 tons of mercury removal at a cost of 3.8 billion CNY. The economic analysis presented in this paper offers insights on air pollution control technologies and practices for enhancing atmospheric mercury control that can aid decision-making in policy design and private-sector investments.展开更多
介绍并利用Community Multiscale Air Quality-Hg(CMAQ-Hg)多尺度大气汞污染模型,模拟研究了2005年6月24日—7月31日我国大气汞污染状况.初步模拟结果表明:人为排放源高的地区(如有汞矿群分布、煤炭和火力发电厂及金属冶炼厂)的大气中ρ...介绍并利用Community Multiscale Air Quality-Hg(CMAQ-Hg)多尺度大气汞污染模型,模拟研究了2005年6月24日—7月31日我国大气汞污染状况.初步模拟结果表明:人为排放源高的地区(如有汞矿群分布、煤炭和火力发电厂及金属冶炼厂)的大气中ρ(汞)较高,大气中元素态汞(GEM)的月均ρ(汞)高于反应性气态汞(RGM)和颗粒汞(PHG),初步反映了我国大气汞污染的分布以及不同形态汞的浓度分布受汞排放源种类及其物理化学特性的影响特征.在解决汞排放源清单不确定性较大的问题及将模型运行参数本地化后,CMAQ-Hg有望成为研究我国汞污染特点及其长程输送的有力工具.展开更多
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Basic Rcscarch Program of China （Grant No. 2013CB430001）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 20937002 and 21077065）, and MEWs Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares （No. 201209015）.
文摘Mercury, as a global pollutant, has significant impacts on the environment and human health. The current state of atmospheric mercury emissions, pollution and control in China is comprehensively reviewed in this paper. With about 500-800 t of anthropogenic mercury emissions, China contributes 25%-40% to the global mercury emissions. The dominant mercury emission sources in China are coal combustion, non-ferrous metal smelting, cement production and iron and steel production. The mercury emissions from natural sources in China are equivalent to the anthropogenic mercury emissions. The atmospheric mercury concentration in China is about 2-10 times the background level of North Hemisphere. The mercury deposition fluxes in remote areas in China are usually in the range of 10-50μg·m^-2·yr^-1. To reduce mercury emissions, legislations have been enacted for power plants, non-ferrous metal smelters and waste incinerators. Currently mercury contented in the flue gas is mainly removed through existing air pollution control devices for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particles. Dedicated mercury control technologies are required in the future to further mitigate the mercury emissions in China.
基金sponsored by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2013CB430001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21307070)+1 种基金the MEP's Special Funds for Research on Public Welfares (201209015)the Sino-Norwegian cooperation project (SINOMER Ⅲ)
文摘Coal combustion and mercury pollution are closely linked, and this relationship is particularly relevant in China, the world＇s largest coal consumer. This paper begins with a summary of recent China-specific studies on mercury removal by air pollution control technologies and then provides an economic analysis of mercury abatement from these emission control technologies at coal-fired power plants in China. This includes a cost-effectiveness analysis at the enterprise and sector level in China using 2010 as a baseline and projecting out to 2020 and2030. Of the control technologies evaluated, the most cost-effective is a fabric filter installed upstream of the wet flue gas desulfurization system（FF ＋ WFGD）. Halogen injection（HI） is also a cost-effective mercury-specific control strategy, although it has not yet reached commercial maturity. The sector-level analysis shows that 193 tons of mercury was removed in 2010 in China＇s coal-fired power sector, with annualized mercury emission control costs of 2.7 billion Chinese Yuan. Under a projected 2030 Emission Control（EC） scenario with stringent mercury limits compared to Business As Usual（BAU） scenario, the increase of selective catalytic reduction systems（SCR） and the use of HI could contribute to 39 tons of mercury removal at a cost of 3.8 billion CNY. The economic analysis presented in this paper offers insights on air pollution control technologies and practices for enhancing atmospheric mercury control that can aid decision-making in policy design and private-sector investments.
文摘介绍并利用Community Multiscale Air Quality-Hg(CMAQ-Hg)多尺度大气汞污染模型,模拟研究了2005年6月24日—7月31日我国大气汞污染状况.初步模拟结果表明:人为排放源高的地区(如有汞矿群分布、煤炭和火力发电厂及金属冶炼厂)的大气中ρ(汞)较高,大气中元素态汞(GEM)的月均ρ(汞)高于反应性气态汞(RGM)和颗粒汞(PHG),初步反映了我国大气汞污染的分布以及不同形态汞的浓度分布受汞排放源种类及其物理化学特性的影响特征.在解决汞排放源清单不确定性较大的问题及将模型运行参数本地化后,CMAQ-Hg有望成为研究我国汞污染特点及其长程输送的有力工具.
