Purpose: Retrievable stents are widely used in acute ischemic stroke(AIS); however, the results remain unclear in Chinese patients. This study aimed to explore the usefulness of Solitaire AB stents in AIS. Materials a...Purpose: Retrievable stents are widely used in acute ischemic stroke(AIS); however, the results remain unclear in Chinese patients. This study aimed to explore the usefulness of Solitaire AB stents in AIS. Materials and Methods: Seventy-three AIS patients treated with Solitaire AB stents for thrombectomy of large artery occlusion of anterior circulation in January 2014-June 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. Recanalization was assessed with the Thrombolysis In Cerebral Ischemia(TICI) scale. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale(mRS). Operation-related complications were recorded. The main factors affecting successful recanalization with Solitaire AB were analyzed. Results: The 73 patients enrolled included 39 males and 34 females(median age of 59 [31-78] years); 77 Solitaire AB stents were used. The initial recanalization rate with Solitaire AB as the first thrombectomy method was 53.42%(39/73; recanalization group). Among the 34 patients with failed stent retrieval, 32 underwent other treatments; the final arterial recanalization rate was 89.04%(65/73). Perioperative embolization events and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage(sICH) occurred in 5 and 8 patients, respectively. The mean NIHSS score was 9.12±3.86 one week after thrombectomy, significantly lower compared with admission values. In 31 patients(42.47%), NIHSS score decreased by >8. Good functional independence(mRS score≤2) was achieved in 39 patients(53.42%) at 90 days; 12 patients(16.44%) died. Compared with the recanalization group, the remaining patients showed lower AF and higher LAA percentages. Conclusion: Solitaire AB stents are useful in the endovascular treatment of AIS.展开更多
Delivering pharmacologic agents directly into the brain has been proposed as a means of bypassing the blood brain barrier.However,despite 16 years of research on a number of central nervous system disorders,an effecti...Delivering pharmacologic agents directly into the brain has been proposed as a means of bypassing the blood brain barrier.However,despite 16 years of research on a number of central nervous system disorders,an effective treatment using this strategy has only been observed in the brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme.Within this study we propose a novel system for delivering drugs into the brain named the simple diffusion (SDD) system.To validate this technique,rats were subjected to a single intracranial (at the caudate nucleus),or intraperitoneal injection,of the compound citicoline,followed two hours later by a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO).Results showed that 12 h after pMCAO,with 0.0025 g kg-1 citicoline,an infarct volume 1/6 the size of the intraperitoneal group was achieved with a dose 1/800 of that required for the intraperitoneal group.These results suggest that given the appropriate injection point,through SDD a pharmacologically effective concentration of citicoline can be administered.展开更多
Some scholars have recently developed the concept of PANoptosis in the study of infectious diseases where pyroptosis,apoptosis and necroptosis act in consort in a multimeric protein complex,PANoptosome.This allows all...Some scholars have recently developed the concept of PANoptosis in the study of infectious diseases where pyroptosis,apoptosis and necroptosis act in consort in a multimeric protein complex,PANoptosome.This allows all the components of PANoptosis to be regulated simultaneously.PANoptosis provides a new way to study the regulation of cell death,in that different types of cell death may be regulated at the same time.To test whether PANoptosis exists in diseases other than infectious diseases,we chose cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury as the research model,collected articles researching cerebral ischemia/reperfusion from three major databases,obtained the original research data from these articles by bibliometrics,data mining and other methods,then integrated and analyzed these data.We selected papers that investigated at least two of the components of PANoptosis to check its occurrence in ischemia/reperfusion.In the cell model simulating ischemic brain injury,pyroptosis,apoptosis and necroptosis occur together and this phenomenon exists widely in different passage cell lines or primary neurons.Pyroptosis,apoptosis and necroptosis also occurred in rat and mouse models of ischemia/reperfusion injury.This confirms that PANoptosis is observed in ischemic brain injury and indicates that PANoptosis can be a target in the regulation of various central nervous system diseases.展开更多
This study aimed to summarize therapy experience of carotid endarterectomy, carotid endarterec- tomy combined with Fogarty catheter embolectomy, and hybrid surgery for the treatment of extrac- ranial internal carotid ...This study aimed to summarize therapy experience of carotid endarterectomy, carotid endarterec- tomy combined with Fogarty catheter embolectomy, and hybrid surgery for the treatment of extrac- ranial internal carotid artery occlusion. The study included 65 patients with extracranial internal ca- rotid artery occlusion who underwent carotid endarterectomy, carotid endarterectomy combined with Fogarty catheter embotectomy, or hybrid surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China between January 2006 and December 2012. Prior to surgery, all patients underwent perfusion CT or xenon CT to evaluate the occlusion. The procedure for each patient was chosen according to digital subtraction angiography data. The carotid artery was successfully recanalized in 46 of 51 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy, 9 of 10 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy combined with Fogarty catheter embolectomy, and 3 of 4 patients who underwent hybrid surgery. In patients with symptomatic carotid artery occlusion, the carotid artery can be recanalized by choosing a treatment procedure based on imaging ex- amination findings.展开更多
目的:探讨经桡动脉介入治疗术后发生桡动脉急性闭塞的危险因素。方法:连续入选我院2017年6月至2018年5月经桡动脉入路进行经皮冠状动脉造影或者介入治疗的患者845例,根据是否发生桡动脉急性闭塞,分为桡动脉闭塞组(n=46)和非桡动脉闭塞组...目的:探讨经桡动脉介入治疗术后发生桡动脉急性闭塞的危险因素。方法:连续入选我院2017年6月至2018年5月经桡动脉入路进行经皮冠状动脉造影或者介入治疗的患者845例,根据是否发生桡动脉急性闭塞,分为桡动脉闭塞组(n=46)和非桡动脉闭塞组(n=799)。采集患者临床资料并进行统计学分析。结果:桡动脉急性闭塞发生率为5.4%(46/845)。桡动脉闭塞组患者的年龄及女性、高血压、糖尿病及高甘油三酯血症的患者比例均高于非桡动脉闭塞组(P均<0.05);桡动脉闭塞组的术后桡动脉置管时间较非桡动脉闭塞组明显延长[41.1(25.5,60.8) h vs 19.9(10.3,26.6) h,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析显示,年龄>60岁(OR=4.415,95%CI:2.718~7.172,P<0.001)、桡动脉穿刺置管时间> 20 h(OR=3.078,95%CI:2.332~4.064,P<0.001)、糖尿病(OR=2.855,95%CI:1.286~6.336,P=0.010)为桡动脉闭塞独立危险因素。结论:高龄、糖尿病患者、穿刺置管时间过长均易造成桡动脉急性闭塞,是发生桡动脉闭塞的预测因素。展开更多
Objective To confirmed reliability and feasibility of intranasal nerve growth factor (NGF) bypassing the blood-brain barrier and its potential neuroprotective effects on acute cerebral ischemia. Methods (1) To assay N...Objective To confirmed reliability and feasibility of intranasal nerve growth factor (NGF) bypassing the blood-brain barrier and its potential neuroprotective effects on acute cerebral ischemia. Methods (1) To assay NGF concentrations in different brain regions after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).Rats were randomly divided into intranasal (IN) NGF, intravenous (IV) NGF, and untreated group (n= 4). The concentra-tions of NGF of different brain regions in the three groups after MCAO were measured by ELISA. (2) To observe neuro-protective action of NGF on focal cerebral ischemic damage. Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: IN vehicle, IN NGF, IV vehicle, IV NGF (n= 8). Treatment was initiated 30 minutes after onset of MCAO and given again 24 hours later. Three neurologic behavioral tests were performed 24 and 48 hours following onset of MCAO. Corrected infarct volumes were determined 48 hours after onset of MCAO. Results The olfactory bulb in IN NGF group obtained the highest concentration (3252 pg/g) of NGF among all regions, followed by the hippocampus. The NGF concentrations in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus in IN NGF group were markedly higher than that in IV NGF and control groups. The infarct volume in IN NGF group was markedly reduced by 38.8% compared with IN vehicle group. IN NGF group vestibulum function markedly improved compared with IN vehicle group at 24 and 48 hours after onset of MCAO (P 24 h = 0.02 and P 48 h = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion Intranasal NGF could pass through the blood-brain barrier, reach the central nervous system, reduce infarct volume, and improve neurologic function in rats following MCAO. Intranasal delivery of NGF may be a promising treat-ment for stroke.展开更多
Diagnosis of acute arterial mesenteric ischemia in the early stages is now possible using modern computed tomography with intravenous contrast enhancement and imaging in the arterial and/or portal phase.Most patients ...Diagnosis of acute arterial mesenteric ischemia in the early stages is now possible using modern computed tomography with intravenous contrast enhancement and imaging in the arterial and/or portal phase.Most patients have acute superior mesenteric artery(SMA)occlusion,and a large proportion of these patients will develop peritonitis prior to mesenteric revascularization,and explorative laparotomy will therefore be necessary to evaluate the extent and severity of intestinal ischemia,and to perform bowel resections.The establishment of a hybrid operating room in vascular units in hospitals is most important to be able to perform successful intestinal revascularization.This review outlines current frontline surgical strategies to improve survival and minimize bowel morbidity in patients with peritonitis secondary to acute SMA occlusion.Explorative laparotomy needs to be performed first.Curative treatment is based upon intestinal revascularization followed by bowel resection.If no vascular imaging has been carried out,SMA angiography is performed.In case of embolic occlusion of the SMA,open embolectomy is performed followed by angiography.In case of thrombotic occlusion,the occlusive lesion can be recanalized retrograde from an exposed SMA,the guidewire snared from either the femoral or brachial artery,and stented with standard devices from these access sites.Bowel resections and sometimes gall bladder removal due to transmural infarctions are performed at initial laparotomy,leaving definitive bowel reconstructions to a planned second look laparotomy,according to the principles of damage control surgery.Patients with peritonitis secondary to acute SMA occlusion should be managed by both the general and vascular surgeon,and a hybrid revascularization approach is of utmost importance to improve outcomes.展开更多
Acute focal cerebral ischemic stroke(IS)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Acupuncture is an emerging alternative therapy that has been beneficial to acute brain ischemia.However,the underlying pr...Acute focal cerebral ischemic stroke(IS)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Acupuncture is an emerging alternative therapy that has been beneficial to acute brain ischemia.However,the underlying protective mechanism of its neuroprotective effect remains unclear.Human original circadian rhythm will be lost after IS,which seriously affects the quality of life and functional recovery of stroke patients.We hypothesize that acupuncture treats IS by regulating the balance of Clock and Bmal1.This study aims to explore the effect of acupuncture at acupoints GV20 and BL23 on neuroprotection and anti-apoptosis in middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)rats and expression of apoptosis and circadian rhythm related proteins.Male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal group(Normal),sham model group(Sham MCAO),MCAO model group(MCAO),sham electroacupuncture group(Sham EA)and electroacupuncture group(EA).The MCAO model was prepared by electrocoagulation.The first acupuncture treatment was performed within 2 h after surgery,and then acupuncture therapy was performed on 1st day,2nd day and 3rd day respectively.After their neurological examination at 72 h of ischemia,the rats from each group were sacrificed.Triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining was used to evaluate the brain infarct size.Ultrastructural observation on cerebral ischemic cortex and serum inflammatory cytokines were evaluated.TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis of brain tissue.The expression levels of proteins Bax,bcl-2,caspase-3,Clock and Bmal1 in the cerebral ischemic region were detected by immunofluorescence staining.Here,we presented evidence that EA at GV20 and BL23 could significantly improve the neurological deficit score and infarct size,and alleviate the cell apoptosis of brain tissue.Moreover,acupuncture treatment upregulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bax ratio and reversed the upregulation of caspase-3 following 72-h cerebral ischemia.In addition,the expression levels of circadian proteins Cl展开更多
As the average age of the world population increases,more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions,including dementia and stroke.Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age,but t...As the average age of the world population increases,more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions,including dementia and stroke.Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age,but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients.Researchers and health professionals must unveil and understand the factors behind age-associated diseases to develop a therapy for older patients.Aging causes profound changes in the immune system including the activation of microglia in the brain.Activated microglia promote T lymphocyte transmigration leading to an increase in neuroinflammation,white matter damage,and cognitive impairment in both older humans and rodents.The presence of T and B lymphocytes is observed in the aged brain and correlates with worse stroke outcomes.Preclinical strategies in stroke target either microglia or the lymphocytes or the communications between them to promote functional recovery in aged subjects.In this review,we examine the role of the microglia and T and B lymphocytes in aging and how they contribute to cognitive impairment.Additionally,we provide an important update on the contribution of these cells and their interactions in preclinical aged stroke.展开更多
文摘Purpose: Retrievable stents are widely used in acute ischemic stroke(AIS); however, the results remain unclear in Chinese patients. This study aimed to explore the usefulness of Solitaire AB stents in AIS. Materials and Methods: Seventy-three AIS patients treated with Solitaire AB stents for thrombectomy of large artery occlusion of anterior circulation in January 2014-June 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. Recanalization was assessed with the Thrombolysis In Cerebral Ischemia(TICI) scale. Clinical outcomes were assessed according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale(mRS). Operation-related complications were recorded. The main factors affecting successful recanalization with Solitaire AB were analyzed. Results: The 73 patients enrolled included 39 males and 34 females(median age of 59 [31-78] years); 77 Solitaire AB stents were used. The initial recanalization rate with Solitaire AB as the first thrombectomy method was 53.42%(39/73; recanalization group). Among the 34 patients with failed stent retrieval, 32 underwent other treatments; the final arterial recanalization rate was 89.04%(65/73). Perioperative embolization events and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage(sICH) occurred in 5 and 8 patients, respectively. The mean NIHSS score was 9.12±3.86 one week after thrombectomy, significantly lower compared with admission values. In 31 patients(42.47%), NIHSS score decreased by >8. Good functional independence(mRS score≤2) was achieved in 39 patients(53.42%) at 90 days; 12 patients(16.44%) died. Compared with the recanalization group, the remaining patients showed lower AF and higher LAA percentages. Conclusion: Solitaire AB stents are useful in the endovascular treatment of AIS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos. 30972811 and 81071148)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(Grant No. 7093137)
文摘Delivering pharmacologic agents directly into the brain has been proposed as a means of bypassing the blood brain barrier.However,despite 16 years of research on a number of central nervous system disorders,an effective treatment using this strategy has only been observed in the brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme.Within this study we propose a novel system for delivering drugs into the brain named the simple diffusion (SDD) system.To validate this technique,rats were subjected to a single intracranial (at the caudate nucleus),or intraperitoneal injection,of the compound citicoline,followed two hours later by a permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO).Results showed that 12 h after pMCAO,with 0.0025 g kg-1 citicoline,an infarct volume 1/6 the size of the intraperitoneal group was achieved with a dose 1/800 of that required for the intraperitoneal group.These results suggest that given the appropriate injection point,through SDD a pharmacologically effective concentration of citicoline can be administered.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81772134(to KX),81971891(to KX),82172196(to KX),81571939(to KX)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University of China,No.2020zzts218,(to WTY)Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation For Postgraduate of China,Nos.CX20200116(to WTY),CX20190139(to LSL).
文摘Some scholars have recently developed the concept of PANoptosis in the study of infectious diseases where pyroptosis,apoptosis and necroptosis act in consort in a multimeric protein complex,PANoptosome.This allows all the components of PANoptosis to be regulated simultaneously.PANoptosis provides a new way to study the regulation of cell death,in that different types of cell death may be regulated at the same time.To test whether PANoptosis exists in diseases other than infectious diseases,we chose cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury as the research model,collected articles researching cerebral ischemia/reperfusion from three major databases,obtained the original research data from these articles by bibliometrics,data mining and other methods,then integrated and analyzed these data.We selected papers that investigated at least two of the components of PANoptosis to check its occurrence in ischemia/reperfusion.In the cell model simulating ischemic brain injury,pyroptosis,apoptosis and necroptosis occur together and this phenomenon exists widely in different passage cell lines or primary neurons.Pyroptosis,apoptosis and necroptosis also occurred in rat and mouse models of ischemia/reperfusion injury.This confirms that PANoptosis is observed in ischemic brain injury and indicates that PANoptosis can be a target in the regulation of various central nervous system diseases.
基金supported by a grant from the National 12~(th) Five-Year Science and Technology Support Plan Project,No.2011BAI08B00
文摘This study aimed to summarize therapy experience of carotid endarterectomy, carotid endarterec- tomy combined with Fogarty catheter embolectomy, and hybrid surgery for the treatment of extrac- ranial internal carotid artery occlusion. The study included 65 patients with extracranial internal ca- rotid artery occlusion who underwent carotid endarterectomy, carotid endarterectomy combined with Fogarty catheter embotectomy, or hybrid surgery in the Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, China between January 2006 and December 2012. Prior to surgery, all patients underwent perfusion CT or xenon CT to evaluate the occlusion. The procedure for each patient was chosen according to digital subtraction angiography data. The carotid artery was successfully recanalized in 46 of 51 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy, 9 of 10 patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy combined with Fogarty catheter embolectomy, and 3 of 4 patients who underwent hybrid surgery. In patients with symptomatic carotid artery occlusion, the carotid artery can be recanalized by choosing a treatment procedure based on imaging ex- amination findings.
文摘目的:探讨经桡动脉介入治疗术后发生桡动脉急性闭塞的危险因素。方法:连续入选我院2017年6月至2018年5月经桡动脉入路进行经皮冠状动脉造影或者介入治疗的患者845例,根据是否发生桡动脉急性闭塞,分为桡动脉闭塞组(n=46)和非桡动脉闭塞组(n=799)。采集患者临床资料并进行统计学分析。结果:桡动脉急性闭塞发生率为5.4%(46/845)。桡动脉闭塞组患者的年龄及女性、高血压、糖尿病及高甘油三酯血症的患者比例均高于非桡动脉闭塞组(P均<0.05);桡动脉闭塞组的术后桡动脉置管时间较非桡动脉闭塞组明显延长[41.1(25.5,60.8) h vs 19.9(10.3,26.6) h,P<0.05)。多因素Logistic分析显示,年龄>60岁(OR=4.415,95%CI:2.718~7.172,P<0.001)、桡动脉穿刺置管时间> 20 h(OR=3.078,95%CI:2.332~4.064,P<0.001)、糖尿病(OR=2.855,95%CI:1.286~6.336,P=0.010)为桡动脉闭塞独立危险因素。结论:高龄、糖尿病患者、穿刺置管时间过长均易造成桡动脉急性闭塞,是发生桡动脉闭塞的预测因素。
文摘Objective To confirmed reliability and feasibility of intranasal nerve growth factor (NGF) bypassing the blood-brain barrier and its potential neuroprotective effects on acute cerebral ischemia. Methods (1) To assay NGF concentrations in different brain regions after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).Rats were randomly divided into intranasal (IN) NGF, intravenous (IV) NGF, and untreated group (n= 4). The concentra-tions of NGF of different brain regions in the three groups after MCAO were measured by ELISA. (2) To observe neuro-protective action of NGF on focal cerebral ischemic damage. Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: IN vehicle, IN NGF, IV vehicle, IV NGF (n= 8). Treatment was initiated 30 minutes after onset of MCAO and given again 24 hours later. Three neurologic behavioral tests were performed 24 and 48 hours following onset of MCAO. Corrected infarct volumes were determined 48 hours after onset of MCAO. Results The olfactory bulb in IN NGF group obtained the highest concentration (3252 pg/g) of NGF among all regions, followed by the hippocampus. The NGF concentrations in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus in IN NGF group were markedly higher than that in IV NGF and control groups. The infarct volume in IN NGF group was markedly reduced by 38.8% compared with IN vehicle group. IN NGF group vestibulum function markedly improved compared with IN vehicle group at 24 and 48 hours after onset of MCAO (P 24 h = 0.02 and P 48 h = 0.04, respectively). Conclusion Intranasal NGF could pass through the blood-brain barrier, reach the central nervous system, reduce infarct volume, and improve neurologic function in rats following MCAO. Intranasal delivery of NGF may be a promising treat-ment for stroke.
文摘Diagnosis of acute arterial mesenteric ischemia in the early stages is now possible using modern computed tomography with intravenous contrast enhancement and imaging in the arterial and/or portal phase.Most patients have acute superior mesenteric artery(SMA)occlusion,and a large proportion of these patients will develop peritonitis prior to mesenteric revascularization,and explorative laparotomy will therefore be necessary to evaluate the extent and severity of intestinal ischemia,and to perform bowel resections.The establishment of a hybrid operating room in vascular units in hospitals is most important to be able to perform successful intestinal revascularization.This review outlines current frontline surgical strategies to improve survival and minimize bowel morbidity in patients with peritonitis secondary to acute SMA occlusion.Explorative laparotomy needs to be performed first.Curative treatment is based upon intestinal revascularization followed by bowel resection.If no vascular imaging has been carried out,SMA angiography is performed.In case of embolic occlusion of the SMA,open embolectomy is performed followed by angiography.In case of thrombotic occlusion,the occlusive lesion can be recanalized retrograde from an exposed SMA,the guidewire snared from either the femoral or brachial artery,and stented with standard devices from these access sites.Bowel resections and sometimes gall bladder removal due to transmural infarctions are performed at initial laparotomy,leaving definitive bowel reconstructions to a planned second look laparotomy,according to the principles of damage control surgery.Patients with peritonitis secondary to acute SMA occlusion should be managed by both the general and vascular surgeon,and a hybrid revascularization approach is of utmost importance to improve outcomes.
基金This study was supported by the Foundation of Hubei Provincal Department of Education of China(No.B2018098).
文摘Acute focal cerebral ischemic stroke(IS)is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Acupuncture is an emerging alternative therapy that has been beneficial to acute brain ischemia.However,the underlying protective mechanism of its neuroprotective effect remains unclear.Human original circadian rhythm will be lost after IS,which seriously affects the quality of life and functional recovery of stroke patients.We hypothesize that acupuncture treats IS by regulating the balance of Clock and Bmal1.This study aims to explore the effect of acupuncture at acupoints GV20 and BL23 on neuroprotection and anti-apoptosis in middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)rats and expression of apoptosis and circadian rhythm related proteins.Male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal group(Normal),sham model group(Sham MCAO),MCAO model group(MCAO),sham electroacupuncture group(Sham EA)and electroacupuncture group(EA).The MCAO model was prepared by electrocoagulation.The first acupuncture treatment was performed within 2 h after surgery,and then acupuncture therapy was performed on 1st day,2nd day and 3rd day respectively.After their neurological examination at 72 h of ischemia,the rats from each group were sacrificed.Triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)staining was used to evaluate the brain infarct size.Ultrastructural observation on cerebral ischemic cortex and serum inflammatory cytokines were evaluated.TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis of brain tissue.The expression levels of proteins Bax,bcl-2,caspase-3,Clock and Bmal1 in the cerebral ischemic region were detected by immunofluorescence staining.Here,we presented evidence that EA at GV20 and BL23 could significantly improve the neurological deficit score and infarct size,and alleviate the cell apoptosis of brain tissue.Moreover,acupuncture treatment upregulated the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bax ratio and reversed the upregulation of caspase-3 following 72-h cerebral ischemia.In addition,the expression levels of circadian proteins Cl
基金supported by 16POST27490032 American Heart Association post-doctoral fellowshipNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Exploratory Neuroscience Research Grant R21 NS114836-01A1 (to AC)
文摘As the average age of the world population increases,more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions,including dementia and stroke.Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age,but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients.Researchers and health professionals must unveil and understand the factors behind age-associated diseases to develop a therapy for older patients.Aging causes profound changes in the immune system including the activation of microglia in the brain.Activated microglia promote T lymphocyte transmigration leading to an increase in neuroinflammation,white matter damage,and cognitive impairment in both older humans and rodents.The presence of T and B lymphocytes is observed in the aged brain and correlates with worse stroke outcomes.Preclinical strategies in stroke target either microglia or the lymphocytes or the communications between them to promote functional recovery in aged subjects.In this review,we examine the role of the microglia and T and B lymphocytes in aging and how they contribute to cognitive impairment.Additionally,we provide an important update on the contribution of these cells and their interactions in preclinical aged stroke.
