大田试验于2020和2021年在山东省泰安市东平农科所进行,以登海605 (Denghai 605, DH605)为试验材料,在统一的氮、磷肥用量(N 225 kg hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5) 110 kg hm^(-2))条件下开展钾肥梯度试验,分别设置K_(0) (0 kg hm^(-2))、K_(1) (...大田试验于2020和2021年在山东省泰安市东平农科所进行,以登海605 (Denghai 605, DH605)为试验材料,在统一的氮、磷肥用量(N 225 kg hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5) 110 kg hm^(-2))条件下开展钾肥梯度试验,分别设置K_(0) (0 kg hm^(-2))、K_(1) (150 kg hm^(-2))、K_(2) (225 kg hm^(-2))、K_(3) (300 kg hm^(-2))和K_(4) (375 kg hm^(-2)) 5个钾肥(K_(2)O)施用量,研究施钾量对夏玉米维管系统结构和物质运输性能的影响。结果表明,玉米叶片厚度、叶脉横截面积和木质部面积随施钾量的增加先升高后降低, 2020年和2021年分别在K_(2)和K_(3)时达到最大。施钾显著提高了玉米基部茎节和穗柄的横截面积、大小维管束数目和面积,茎秆维管束面积占横截面积之比在K_(2)处理最大,而穗柄维管束面积占比则以K_(2)、K_(4)处理显著高于其他处理。穗轴维管束数目和面积随钾肥的施入呈先升高后降低的趋势,K_(2)、K_(3)处理的维管束总面积显著高于其他处理。施钾显著提高了茎秆、穗柄伤流强度,灌浆期在K_(2)处理下最高。相关分析表明,茎秆维管束总数及其总面积、穗柄维管束总数及其总面积与籽粒产量显著正相关;穗轴大维管束数目和穗轴维管束总面积与千粒重显著正相关。综合上述结果,本试验条件下施钾量为225 kg K_(2)O hm^(-2)时可促进玉米叶、茎、穗中维管系统的发育,提高伤流强度,增强“流”系统的通畅性,进而提高夏玉米籽粒产量。展开更多
To determine the main parameters of droplet strike damage and avoid flower injury due to the unsuitable practices during sprinkler irrigation, an indoor experiment of irrigation droplet impact on cyclamen was conducte...To determine the main parameters of droplet strike damage and avoid flower injury due to the unsuitable practices during sprinkler irrigation, an indoor experiment of irrigation droplet impact on cyclamen was conducted.The influences of different parameters such as droplet diameter, application intensity, specific power on flower strike damage was analyzed using Image Pro-Plus software to compute strike damage area and define damage level by sense-analysis. The results showed that a damage area of < 1% represents a safe irrigation level, 1%–3% slight damage level, 3%–6% moderate damage level, and > 6%heavy damage level. Equations of application intensity,specific power with sprinkler irrigation time and flower injury ratio were regressed against parameters which cause impact damages. The results indicated that specific power has a significant correlation with injury, and flower damage area increased as the increasing of the value of specific power for the same irrigation time. Application intensity was also correlated with injury when the droplet diameter was larger than 1 mm. When the duration of sprinkler irrigation was 1, 5 and 10 min, the threshold of impinging damage of application intensity was 25.30, 5.01 and1.64 mm·h^(–1) and the specific power was 0.467×10^(–3),9.340×10^(–3) and 3.110×10^(–3)W·m^(–2). These results provide a reference for determining the suitable values of sprinkler properties in operation design.展开更多
文摘大田试验于2020和2021年在山东省泰安市东平农科所进行,以登海605 (Denghai 605, DH605)为试验材料,在统一的氮、磷肥用量(N 225 kg hm^(-2)、P_(2)O_(5) 110 kg hm^(-2))条件下开展钾肥梯度试验,分别设置K_(0) (0 kg hm^(-2))、K_(1) (150 kg hm^(-2))、K_(2) (225 kg hm^(-2))、K_(3) (300 kg hm^(-2))和K_(4) (375 kg hm^(-2)) 5个钾肥(K_(2)O)施用量,研究施钾量对夏玉米维管系统结构和物质运输性能的影响。结果表明,玉米叶片厚度、叶脉横截面积和木质部面积随施钾量的增加先升高后降低, 2020年和2021年分别在K_(2)和K_(3)时达到最大。施钾显著提高了玉米基部茎节和穗柄的横截面积、大小维管束数目和面积,茎秆维管束面积占横截面积之比在K_(2)处理最大,而穗柄维管束面积占比则以K_(2)、K_(4)处理显著高于其他处理。穗轴维管束数目和面积随钾肥的施入呈先升高后降低的趋势,K_(2)、K_(3)处理的维管束总面积显著高于其他处理。施钾显著提高了茎秆、穗柄伤流强度,灌浆期在K_(2)处理下最高。相关分析表明,茎秆维管束总数及其总面积、穗柄维管束总数及其总面积与籽粒产量显著正相关;穗轴大维管束数目和穗轴维管束总面积与千粒重显著正相关。综合上述结果,本试验条件下施钾量为225 kg K_(2)O hm^(-2)时可促进玉米叶、茎、穗中维管系统的发育,提高伤流强度,增强“流”系统的通畅性,进而提高夏玉米籽粒产量。
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Program in Rural Areas during the Twelfth Fiveyear Plan Period (2015BAD22B01-02)
文摘To determine the main parameters of droplet strike damage and avoid flower injury due to the unsuitable practices during sprinkler irrigation, an indoor experiment of irrigation droplet impact on cyclamen was conducted.The influences of different parameters such as droplet diameter, application intensity, specific power on flower strike damage was analyzed using Image Pro-Plus software to compute strike damage area and define damage level by sense-analysis. The results showed that a damage area of < 1% represents a safe irrigation level, 1%–3% slight damage level, 3%–6% moderate damage level, and > 6%heavy damage level. Equations of application intensity,specific power with sprinkler irrigation time and flower injury ratio were regressed against parameters which cause impact damages. The results indicated that specific power has a significant correlation with injury, and flower damage area increased as the increasing of the value of specific power for the same irrigation time. Application intensity was also correlated with injury when the droplet diameter was larger than 1 mm. When the duration of sprinkler irrigation was 1, 5 and 10 min, the threshold of impinging damage of application intensity was 25.30, 5.01 and1.64 mm·h^(–1) and the specific power was 0.467×10^(–3),9.340×10^(–3) and 3.110×10^(–3)W·m^(–2). These results provide a reference for determining the suitable values of sprinkler properties in operation design.
