Germinal matrix hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of morbidity,mortality,and acquired infantile hydrocephalus in preterm infants in the United States,with little progress made in its clinical management.Blood cl...Germinal matrix hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of morbidity,mortality,and acquired infantile hydrocephalus in preterm infants in the United States,with little progress made in its clinical management.Blood clots have been shown to elicit secondary brain injury after germinal matrix hemorrhage,by disrupting normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation and absorption after germinal matrix hemorrhage causing post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus development.Current evidence suggests that rapid hematoma resolution is necessary to improve neurological outcomes after hemorrhagic stroke.Various articles have demonstrated the beneficial effects of stimulating the polarization of microglia cells into the M2 phenotype,as it has been suggested that they play an essential role in the rapid phagocytosis of the blood clot after hemorrhagic models of stroke.N-formyl peptide receptor 2(FPR2),a G-protein-coupled receptor,has been shown to be neuroprotective after stroke.FPR2 activation has been associated with the upregulation of phagocytic macrophage clearance,yet its mechanism has not been fully explored.Recent literature suggests that FPR2 may play a role in the stimulation of scavenger receptor CD36.Scavenger receptor CD36 plays a vital role in microglia phagocytic blood clot clearance after germinal matrix hemorrhage.FPR2 has been shown to phosphorylate extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),which then promotes the transcription of the dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1(DUSP1)gene.In this review,we present an intrinsic outline of the main components involved in FPR2 stimulation and hematoma resolution after germinal matrix hemorrhage.展开更多
●AIM:To investigate the underlying mechanism of dry environment(autumn dryness)affecting the lacrimal glands in rats.●METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats were fed in spe...●AIM:To investigate the underlying mechanism of dry environment(autumn dryness)affecting the lacrimal glands in rats.●METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats were fed in specific pathogen free environment as the control group(n=10),and the rats fed in dry environment as the dryness group(n=10).After 24d,lacrimal glands were collected from the rats.The tissues morphology was observed by hematoxylineosin(HE)staining.Tandem mass tags(TMT)quantitative proteomics analysis technology was used to screen the differential expressed proteins of lacrimal glands between the two groups,then bioinformatics analysis was performed.Further,the immunohistochemical(IHC)method was used to verify the target proteins.●RESULTS:In dryness group,the lacrimal glands lobule atrophied,the glandular cavities enlarged,the sparse nuclear distribution and scattered inflammatory infiltration between the acinus were observed.The proteomics exhibited that a total of 195 up-regulated and 236 downregulated differential expressed proteins screened from the lacrimal glands of rats.It was indicated that the biological processes(BP)of differential expressed proteins mainly included cell processes and single BP.The cellular compositions of differential expressed proteins mainly located in cells,organelles.The molecular functions of differential expressed proteins mainly included binding,catalytic activity.Moreover,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that the differential expressed proteins mainly involved lysosome,complement and coagulation cascade,and ribosome pathway.The IHC result verified that the up-regulated expression proteins of Protein S100A9(S100A9),Annexin A1(Anxa1),and Clusterin(Clu)in lacrimal glands of rats in dryness group were higher than control group.●CONCLUSION:The up-regulated expression proteins of S100A9,Anxa1,and Clu may be the potential mechanisms of dry eye symptoms caused by dry environment.This study provides clues of dry environments causing展开更多
A highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)and the presence of the blood‒brain barrier are the two major obstacles to eliciting an effective immune response in patients with high-grade glioma(HGG).Here,we t...A highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)and the presence of the blood‒brain barrier are the two major obstacles to eliciting an effective immune response in patients with high-grade glioma(HGG).Here,we tried to enhance the local innate immune response in relapsed HGG by intracranially injecting poly(I:C)to establish a robust antitumor immune response in this registered clinical trial(NCT03392545).During the follow-up,12/27(44.4%)patients who achieved tumor control concomitant with survival benefit were regarded as responders in our study.We found that the T-cell receptor(TCR)repertoire in the TME was reshaped after poly(I:C)treatment.Based on the RNA-seq analysis of tumor samples,the expression of annexin A1(ANXA1)was significantly upregulated in the tumor cells of nonresponders,which was further validated at the protein level.In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that ANXA1 could induce the production of M2-like macrophages and microglia via its surface receptor formyl peptide receptor 1(FPR1)to establish a Treg cell-driven immunosuppressive TME and suppress the antitumor immune response facilitated by poly(I:C).The ANXA1/FPR1 signaling axis can inhibit the innate immune response of glioma patients by promoting an anti-inflammatory and Treg-driven TME.Moreover,ANXA1 could serve as a reliable predictor of response to poly(I:C),with a notable predictive accuracy rate of 92.3%.In light of these notable findings,this study unveils a new perspective of immunotherapy for gliomas.展开更多
目的应用高通量蛋白质组学及生物信息学技术分析肺鳞癌表达蛋白质谱,筛选肺癌标志蛋白质,为肺鳞癌发病机制、早期诊断及治疗提供有价值的线索。方法 6例手术后新鲜肺鳞癌组织,通过激光捕获显微切割(laser capture microdissection,LCM)...目的应用高通量蛋白质组学及生物信息学技术分析肺鳞癌表达蛋白质谱,筛选肺癌标志蛋白质,为肺鳞癌发病机制、早期诊断及治疗提供有价值的线索。方法 6例手术后新鲜肺鳞癌组织,通过激光捕获显微切割(laser capture microdissection,LCM)分离纯化肿瘤细胞并提取可溶性总蛋白;多维液相色谱-离子阱串联质谱技术(也称鸟枪法蛋白质组学,shot gun proteomics)对蛋白质进行分离、鉴定;进一步通过生物信息学工具预测肺鳞癌细胞表达蛋白质的理化性质、分子功能、生物通路及蛋白质相互作用,并筛选潜在的标志蛋白。结果 LCM共收集了60个帽(cap)的感兴趣细胞,平均每个LCM cap捕获感兴趣细胞数约12000个,其同质性大于95%。可溶性总蛋白经多维液相色谱-离子阱串联质谱共鉴定出860个非冗余蛋白质。蛋白质的理化性质包括分子量、等电点、平均疏水性、跨膜结构域、亚细胞定位、转录后修饰和组织分布等经过在线生物信息学工具分析,并通过统计图直观显示;蛋白质生物学功能基于Gene Ontologyc(GO)软件和Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)生物学通路分析,根据其注解,筛选出3个有价值的蛋白质,即分裂素活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)、粘联素A1(annexin A1,ANXA1)、高移动组蛋白B1(high mobility group protein B1,HMGPB1)可以作为肺鳞癌候选的标志蛋白。结论鸟枪法蛋白质组学可大规模分离、鉴定肿瘤细胞表达蛋白质,基于生物信息学筛选的标志蛋白质可能成为肺癌诊断和治疗的分子靶点。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Institutes of Health grant 5R01NS117364-02(to JT)。
文摘Germinal matrix hemorrhage is one of the leading causes of morbidity,mortality,and acquired infantile hydrocephalus in preterm infants in the United States,with little progress made in its clinical management.Blood clots have been shown to elicit secondary brain injury after germinal matrix hemorrhage,by disrupting normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation and absorption after germinal matrix hemorrhage causing post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus development.Current evidence suggests that rapid hematoma resolution is necessary to improve neurological outcomes after hemorrhagic stroke.Various articles have demonstrated the beneficial effects of stimulating the polarization of microglia cells into the M2 phenotype,as it has been suggested that they play an essential role in the rapid phagocytosis of the blood clot after hemorrhagic models of stroke.N-formyl peptide receptor 2(FPR2),a G-protein-coupled receptor,has been shown to be neuroprotective after stroke.FPR2 activation has been associated with the upregulation of phagocytic macrophage clearance,yet its mechanism has not been fully explored.Recent literature suggests that FPR2 may play a role in the stimulation of scavenger receptor CD36.Scavenger receptor CD36 plays a vital role in microglia phagocytic blood clot clearance after germinal matrix hemorrhage.FPR2 has been shown to phosphorylate extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2),which then promotes the transcription of the dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1(DUSP1)gene.In this review,we present an intrinsic outline of the main components involved in FPR2 stimulation and hematoma resolution after germinal matrix hemorrhage.
基金Supported by Regional Science Foundation Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82060827,No.82260891)The Key Discipline of Universities in the“14th Five-Year Plan”Autonomous Region-Traditional Chinese Medicine at Xinjiang Medical University.
文摘●AIM:To investigate the underlying mechanism of dry environment(autumn dryness)affecting the lacrimal glands in rats.●METHODS:Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups.The rats were fed in specific pathogen free environment as the control group(n=10),and the rats fed in dry environment as the dryness group(n=10).After 24d,lacrimal glands were collected from the rats.The tissues morphology was observed by hematoxylineosin(HE)staining.Tandem mass tags(TMT)quantitative proteomics analysis technology was used to screen the differential expressed proteins of lacrimal glands between the two groups,then bioinformatics analysis was performed.Further,the immunohistochemical(IHC)method was used to verify the target proteins.●RESULTS:In dryness group,the lacrimal glands lobule atrophied,the glandular cavities enlarged,the sparse nuclear distribution and scattered inflammatory infiltration between the acinus were observed.The proteomics exhibited that a total of 195 up-regulated and 236 downregulated differential expressed proteins screened from the lacrimal glands of rats.It was indicated that the biological processes(BP)of differential expressed proteins mainly included cell processes and single BP.The cellular compositions of differential expressed proteins mainly located in cells,organelles.The molecular functions of differential expressed proteins mainly included binding,catalytic activity.Moreover,the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis showed that the differential expressed proteins mainly involved lysosome,complement and coagulation cascade,and ribosome pathway.The IHC result verified that the up-regulated expression proteins of Protein S100A9(S100A9),Annexin A1(Anxa1),and Clusterin(Clu)in lacrimal glands of rats in dryness group were higher than control group.●CONCLUSION:The up-regulated expression proteins of S100A9,Anxa1,and Clu may be the potential mechanisms of dry eye symptoms caused by dry environment.This study provides clues of dry environments causing
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81771309,31930039 and 31821003 to Xin Lin and 82202983 to Haihui Jiang)supported by grants from the Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(2020-2-1075 to Yong Cui)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0508502 to Xin Lin).
文摘A highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment(TME)and the presence of the blood‒brain barrier are the two major obstacles to eliciting an effective immune response in patients with high-grade glioma(HGG).Here,we tried to enhance the local innate immune response in relapsed HGG by intracranially injecting poly(I:C)to establish a robust antitumor immune response in this registered clinical trial(NCT03392545).During the follow-up,12/27(44.4%)patients who achieved tumor control concomitant with survival benefit were regarded as responders in our study.We found that the T-cell receptor(TCR)repertoire in the TME was reshaped after poly(I:C)treatment.Based on the RNA-seq analysis of tumor samples,the expression of annexin A1(ANXA1)was significantly upregulated in the tumor cells of nonresponders,which was further validated at the protein level.In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that ANXA1 could induce the production of M2-like macrophages and microglia via its surface receptor formyl peptide receptor 1(FPR1)to establish a Treg cell-driven immunosuppressive TME and suppress the antitumor immune response facilitated by poly(I:C).The ANXA1/FPR1 signaling axis can inhibit the innate immune response of glioma patients by promoting an anti-inflammatory and Treg-driven TME.Moreover,ANXA1 could serve as a reliable predictor of response to poly(I:C),with a notable predictive accuracy rate of 92.3%.In light of these notable findings,this study unveils a new perspective of immunotherapy for gliomas.
文摘目的应用高通量蛋白质组学及生物信息学技术分析肺鳞癌表达蛋白质谱,筛选肺癌标志蛋白质,为肺鳞癌发病机制、早期诊断及治疗提供有价值的线索。方法 6例手术后新鲜肺鳞癌组织,通过激光捕获显微切割(laser capture microdissection,LCM)分离纯化肿瘤细胞并提取可溶性总蛋白;多维液相色谱-离子阱串联质谱技术(也称鸟枪法蛋白质组学,shot gun proteomics)对蛋白质进行分离、鉴定;进一步通过生物信息学工具预测肺鳞癌细胞表达蛋白质的理化性质、分子功能、生物通路及蛋白质相互作用,并筛选潜在的标志蛋白。结果 LCM共收集了60个帽(cap)的感兴趣细胞,平均每个LCM cap捕获感兴趣细胞数约12000个,其同质性大于95%。可溶性总蛋白经多维液相色谱-离子阱串联质谱共鉴定出860个非冗余蛋白质。蛋白质的理化性质包括分子量、等电点、平均疏水性、跨膜结构域、亚细胞定位、转录后修饰和组织分布等经过在线生物信息学工具分析,并通过统计图直观显示;蛋白质生物学功能基于Gene Ontologyc(GO)软件和Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)生物学通路分析,根据其注解,筛选出3个有价值的蛋白质,即分裂素活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)、粘联素A1(annexin A1,ANXA1)、高移动组蛋白B1(high mobility group protein B1,HMGPB1)可以作为肺鳞癌候选的标志蛋白。结论鸟枪法蛋白质组学可大规模分离、鉴定肿瘤细胞表达蛋白质,基于生物信息学筛选的标志蛋白质可能成为肺癌诊断和治疗的分子靶点。
