Boehmeria nivea（L.） Gaud. is a potential candidate for the remediation of Cd contaminated sites. The present investigation aims to explore Cd tolerance threshold and to quickly identify the role of exogenous organic...Boehmeria nivea（L.） Gaud. is a potential candidate for the remediation of Cd contaminated sites. The present investigation aims to explore Cd tolerance threshold and to quickly identify the role of exogenous organic acids in Cd uptake and abiotic metal stress damage.Elevated Cd levels（0–10 mg/L） resulted in an obvious rise in Cd accumulation, ranging from268.0 to 374.4 in root and 25.2 to 41.2 mg/kg dry weight in shoot, respectively. Citric acid at1.5 mmol/L significantly facilitated Cd uptake by 26.7% in root and by 1-fold in shoot,respectively. Cd translocation efficiency from root to shoot was improved by a maximum of66.4% under 3 mmol/L of oxalic acid. Citric acid exhibited more prominent mitigating effect than oxalic acid due to its stronger ligand affinity for chelating with metal and avoiding the toxicity injury of free Cd ions more efficiently. The present work provides a potential strategy for efficient Cd remediation with B. nivea.展开更多
目的对比胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)受体激动剂和二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-4)抑制剂分别联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的疗效及对其血清抗氧因子、炎症因子的影响。方法将2020年5月至2022年5月中国中医科学院广安门医院南区收治的120例T2DM患...目的对比胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)受体激动剂和二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-4)抑制剂分别联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的疗效及对其血清抗氧因子、炎症因子的影响。方法将2020年5月至2022年5月中国中医科学院广安门医院南区收治的120例T2DM患者纳入本次前瞻性研究,采用随机数字表法分成GLP-1联合组(n=40)、DPP-4联合组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。GLP-1联合组患者治疗方案为二甲双胍治疗+利拉鲁肽,DPP-4联合组患者治疗方案为二甲双胍+沙格列汀,对照组患者仅口服二甲双胍治疗。治疗为期6个月。比较3组患者治疗前后的血糖相关指标[空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、氧化应激指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和6-酮-前列环素F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α)]和炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]表达情况。结果GLP-1联合组治疗后的空腹血糖、2 hPPG、HbA1c和HOMA-IR分别为(5.05±0.69)mmol/L、(7.42±0.98)mmol/L、(6.11±0.70)%和(3.20±0.45),DPP-4联合组分别为(5.58±0.61)mmol/L、(8.09±1.04)mmol/L、(6.65±0.76)%和(3.78±0.50),对照组分别为(6.50±0.75)mmol/L、(10.14±1.22)mmol/L、(7.80±0.81)%和(4.61±0.59),GLP-1联合组与DPP-4联合组治疗后的上述血糖相关指标及HOMA-IR均较对照组显著下降,且GLP-1联合组显著低于DPP-4联合组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GLP-1联合组治疗后的SOD和6-Keto-PGF1α分别为(95.09±9.97)U/mL、(76.19±6.80)ng/L,DPP-4联合组分别为(85.17±10.18)U/mL、(67.32±6.39)ng/L,对照组分别为(76.89±9.06)U/mL、(60.46±6.02)ng/L,GLP-1联合组与DPP-4联合组治疗后的血清SOD、6-Keto-PGF1α均较对照组显著上升,且GLP-1联合组血清SOD、6-Keto-PGF1α均较DPP-4联合组显著上升,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GLP-1联合组TNF-α、IL-6和hs-CRP分别为(7.05±1.16)ng/L、(5.01±1.35)pg/mL、(4.04±0.51)mg/L,DPP-4联合组为(7.93±1.展开更多
Background：Glehnia littoralis,as a traditional herbal medicine to heal various health ailments in East Asia,displays various therapeutic properties including antioxidant effects.However,neuroprotective effects of G.l...Background：Glehnia littoralis,as a traditional herbal medicine to heal various health ailments in East Asia,displays various therapeutic properties including antioxidant effects.However,neuroprotective effects of G.littoralis against cerebral ischemic insults have not yet been addressed.Therefore,in this study,we first examined its neuroprotective effects in the hippocampus using a gerbil model of transient global cerebral ischemia （TGCI）.Methods：Gerbils were subjected to TGCI for 5 min.G.littoralis extract （GLE;100 and 200 mg/kg） was administrated orally once daily for 7 days before ischemic surgery.Neuroprotection was examined by neuronal nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence staining.Gliosis was observed by immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1.For neuroprotective mechanisms,immunohistochemistry for superoxide dismutase （SOD） 1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） was done.Results：Pretreatment with 200 mg/kg of GLE protected pyramidal neurons in the cornu ammonis 1 （CA1） area from ischemic insult area （F=29.770,P 〈 0.05） and significantly inhibited activationsof astrocytes （F =22.959,P 〈 0.05） and microglia （F =44.135,P 〈 0.05） in the ischemic CA1 area.In addition,pretreatment with GLE significantly increased expressions of SOD1 （F =28.561,P 〈 0.05） and BDNF （F =55.298,P 〈 0.05） in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the sham-and ischemia-operated groups.Conclusions：Our findings indicate that pretreatment with GLE can protect neurons from ischemic insults,and we suggest that its neuroprotective mechanism may be closely associated with increases of SOD 1 and BDNF expressions as well as attenuation ofglial activation.展开更多
Age-related macular degeneration is a primary cause of blindness in the older adult population. Past decades of research in the pathophysiology of the disease have resulted in breakthroughs in the form of anti-vascula...Age-related macular degeneration is a primary cause of blindness in the older adult population. Past decades of research in the pathophysiology of the disease have resulted in breakthroughs in the form of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies against neovascular age-related macular degeneration;however, effective treatment is not yet available for geographical atrophy in dry agerelated macular degeneration or for preventing the progression from early or mid to the late stage of age-related macular degeneration. Both clinical and experimental investigations involving human agerelated macular degeneration retinas and animal models point towards the atrophic alterations in retinal pigment epithelium as a key feature in age-related macular degeneration progression. Retinal pigment epithelium cells are primarily responsible for cellular-structural maintenance and nutrition supply to keep photoreceptors healthy and functional. The retinal pigment epithelium constantly endures a highly oxidative environment that is balanced with a cascade of antioxidant enzyme systems regulated by nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 as a main redox sensing transcription factor. Aging and accumulated oxidative stress triggers retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and eventually death. Exposure to both environmental and genetic factors aggravates oxidative stress damage in aging retinal pigment epithelium and accelerates retinal pigment epithelium degeneration in age-related macular degeneration pathophysiology. The present review summarizes the role of oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium degeneration, with potential impacts from both genetic and environmental factors in age-related macular degeneration development and progression. Potential strategies to counter retinal pigment epithelium damage and protect the retinal pigment epithelium through enhancing its antioxidant capacity are also discussed, focusing on existing antioxidant nutritional supplementation, and exploring nuclear factor erythroid-2-relat展开更多
BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with an unknown etiology.Alkaline sphingomyelinase(alk-SMase)is specifically expressed by intestinal epithelial cells,and has been reported ...BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with an unknown etiology.Alkaline sphingomyelinase(alk-SMase)is specifically expressed by intestinal epithelial cells,and has been reported to play an anti-inflammatory role.However,the underlying mechanism is still unclear.AIM To explore the mechanism of alk-SMase anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal barrier function and oxidative stress in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.METHODS Mice were administered 3%DSS drinking water,and disease activity index was determined to evaluate the status of colitis.Intestinal permeability was evaluated by gavage administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran,and bacterial translocation was evaluated by measuring serum lipopolysaccharide.Intestinal epithelial cell ultrastructure was observed by electron microscopy.Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of intestinal barrier proteins and mRNA,respectively.Serum oxidant and antioxidant marker levels were analyzed using commercial kits to assess oxidative stress levels.RESULTS Compared to wild-type(WT)mice,inflammation and intestinal permeability in alk-SMase knockout(KO)mice were more severe beginning 4 d after DSS induction.The mRNA and protein levels of intestinal barrier proteins,including zonula occludens-1,occludin,claudin-3,claudin-5,claudin-8,mucin 2,and secretory immunoglobulin A,were significantly reduced on 4 d after DSS treatment.Ultrastructural observations revealed progressive damage to the tight junctions of intestinal epithelial cells.Furthermore,by day 4,mitochondria appeared swollen and degenerated.Additionally,compared to WT mice,serum malondialdehyde levels in KO mice were higher,and the antioxidant capacity was significantly lower.The expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)in the colonic mucosal tissue of KO mice was significantly decreased after DSS treatment.mRNA levels of Nrf2-re展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271332)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan province(No.11JJ2031)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Hunan Province,China(No.2012SK2021)
文摘Boehmeria nivea（L.） Gaud. is a potential candidate for the remediation of Cd contaminated sites. The present investigation aims to explore Cd tolerance threshold and to quickly identify the role of exogenous organic acids in Cd uptake and abiotic metal stress damage.Elevated Cd levels（0–10 mg/L） resulted in an obvious rise in Cd accumulation, ranging from268.0 to 374.4 in root and 25.2 to 41.2 mg/kg dry weight in shoot, respectively. Citric acid at1.5 mmol/L significantly facilitated Cd uptake by 26.7% in root and by 1-fold in shoot,respectively. Cd translocation efficiency from root to shoot was improved by a maximum of66.4% under 3 mmol/L of oxalic acid. Citric acid exhibited more prominent mitigating effect than oxalic acid due to its stronger ligand affinity for chelating with metal and avoiding the toxicity injury of free Cd ions more efficiently. The present work provides a potential strategy for efficient Cd remediation with B. nivea.
文摘目的对比胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)受体激动剂和二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-4)抑制剂分别联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病(T2DM)的疗效及对其血清抗氧因子、炎症因子的影响。方法将2020年5月至2022年5月中国中医科学院广安门医院南区收治的120例T2DM患者纳入本次前瞻性研究,采用随机数字表法分成GLP-1联合组(n=40)、DPP-4联合组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。GLP-1联合组患者治疗方案为二甲双胍治疗+利拉鲁肽,DPP-4联合组患者治疗方案为二甲双胍+沙格列汀,对照组患者仅口服二甲双胍治疗。治疗为期6个月。比较3组患者治疗前后的血糖相关指标[空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)]及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、氧化应激指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和6-酮-前列环素F1α(6-Keto-PGF1α)]和炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]表达情况。结果GLP-1联合组治疗后的空腹血糖、2 hPPG、HbA1c和HOMA-IR分别为(5.05±0.69)mmol/L、(7.42±0.98)mmol/L、(6.11±0.70)%和(3.20±0.45),DPP-4联合组分别为(5.58±0.61)mmol/L、(8.09±1.04)mmol/L、(6.65±0.76)%和(3.78±0.50),对照组分别为(6.50±0.75)mmol/L、(10.14±1.22)mmol/L、(7.80±0.81)%和(4.61±0.59),GLP-1联合组与DPP-4联合组治疗后的上述血糖相关指标及HOMA-IR均较对照组显著下降,且GLP-1联合组显著低于DPP-4联合组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GLP-1联合组治疗后的SOD和6-Keto-PGF1α分别为(95.09±9.97)U/mL、(76.19±6.80)ng/L,DPP-4联合组分别为(85.17±10.18)U/mL、(67.32±6.39)ng/L,对照组分别为(76.89±9.06)U/mL、(60.46±6.02)ng/L,GLP-1联合组与DPP-4联合组治疗后的血清SOD、6-Keto-PGF1α均较对照组显著上升,且GLP-1联合组血清SOD、6-Keto-PGF1α均较DPP-4联合组显著上升,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GLP-1联合组TNF-α、IL-6和hs-CRP分别为(7.05±1.16)ng/L、(5.01±1.35)pg/mL、(4.04±0.51)mg/L,DPP-4联合组为(7.93±1.
基金This research was supported by the grants from the Bio ＆ Medical Technology Development Program of the NRF funded by the Korean government, MSIP （No. NRF-2015M3A9B6066835）, and by the Bio-Synergy Research Project （No. NRF-2015M3A9C4076322） of the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, through the National Research Foundation, and by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China （No. BK20140494）.
文摘Background：Glehnia littoralis,as a traditional herbal medicine to heal various health ailments in East Asia,displays various therapeutic properties including antioxidant effects.However,neuroprotective effects of G.littoralis against cerebral ischemic insults have not yet been addressed.Therefore,in this study,we first examined its neuroprotective effects in the hippocampus using a gerbil model of transient global cerebral ischemia （TGCI）.Methods：Gerbils were subjected to TGCI for 5 min.G.littoralis extract （GLE;100 and 200 mg/kg） was administrated orally once daily for 7 days before ischemic surgery.Neuroprotection was examined by neuronal nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry and Fluoro-Jade B histofluorescence staining.Gliosis was observed by immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1.For neuroprotective mechanisms,immunohistochemistry for superoxide dismutase （SOD） 1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） was done.Results：Pretreatment with 200 mg/kg of GLE protected pyramidal neurons in the cornu ammonis 1 （CA1） area from ischemic insult area （F=29.770,P 〈 0.05） and significantly inhibited activationsof astrocytes （F =22.959,P 〈 0.05） and microglia （F =44.135,P 〈 0.05） in the ischemic CA1 area.In addition,pretreatment with GLE significantly increased expressions of SOD1 （F =28.561,P 〈 0.05） and BDNF （F =55.298,P 〈 0.05） in CA1 pyramidal neurons of the sham-and ischemia-operated groups.Conclusions：Our findings indicate that pretreatment with GLE can protect neurons from ischemic insults,and we suggest that its neuroprotective mechanism may be closely associated with increases of SOD 1 and BDNF expressions as well as attenuation ofglial activation.
基金supported by NIH/NEI R01 grants (EY031765,EY028100EY024963)+1 种基金BrightFocus Foundation,Research to Prevent Blindness Dolly Green Special Scholar AwardBoston Children’s Hospital Ophthalmology Foundation,Mass Lions Eye Research Fund Inc.(to JC)。
文摘Age-related macular degeneration is a primary cause of blindness in the older adult population. Past decades of research in the pathophysiology of the disease have resulted in breakthroughs in the form of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies against neovascular age-related macular degeneration;however, effective treatment is not yet available for geographical atrophy in dry agerelated macular degeneration or for preventing the progression from early or mid to the late stage of age-related macular degeneration. Both clinical and experimental investigations involving human agerelated macular degeneration retinas and animal models point towards the atrophic alterations in retinal pigment epithelium as a key feature in age-related macular degeneration progression. Retinal pigment epithelium cells are primarily responsible for cellular-structural maintenance and nutrition supply to keep photoreceptors healthy and functional. The retinal pigment epithelium constantly endures a highly oxidative environment that is balanced with a cascade of antioxidant enzyme systems regulated by nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 as a main redox sensing transcription factor. Aging and accumulated oxidative stress triggers retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and eventually death. Exposure to both environmental and genetic factors aggravates oxidative stress damage in aging retinal pigment epithelium and accelerates retinal pigment epithelium degeneration in age-related macular degeneration pathophysiology. The present review summarizes the role of oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium degeneration, with potential impacts from both genetic and environmental factors in age-related macular degeneration development and progression. Potential strategies to counter retinal pigment epithelium damage and protect the retinal pigment epithelium through enhancing its antioxidant capacity are also discussed, focusing on existing antioxidant nutritional supplementation, and exploring nuclear factor erythroid-2-relat
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province,No.823MS046the Talent Program of Hainan Medical University,No.XRC2022007.
文摘BACKGROUND Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with an unknown etiology.Alkaline sphingomyelinase(alk-SMase)is specifically expressed by intestinal epithelial cells,and has been reported to play an anti-inflammatory role.However,the underlying mechanism is still unclear.AIM To explore the mechanism of alk-SMase anti-inflammatory effects on intestinal barrier function and oxidative stress in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.METHODS Mice were administered 3%DSS drinking water,and disease activity index was determined to evaluate the status of colitis.Intestinal permeability was evaluated by gavage administration of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran,and bacterial translocation was evaluated by measuring serum lipopolysaccharide.Intestinal epithelial cell ultrastructure was observed by electron microscopy.Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the expression of intestinal barrier proteins and mRNA,respectively.Serum oxidant and antioxidant marker levels were analyzed using commercial kits to assess oxidative stress levels.RESULTS Compared to wild-type(WT)mice,inflammation and intestinal permeability in alk-SMase knockout(KO)mice were more severe beginning 4 d after DSS induction.The mRNA and protein levels of intestinal barrier proteins,including zonula occludens-1,occludin,claudin-3,claudin-5,claudin-8,mucin 2,and secretory immunoglobulin A,were significantly reduced on 4 d after DSS treatment.Ultrastructural observations revealed progressive damage to the tight junctions of intestinal epithelial cells.Furthermore,by day 4,mitochondria appeared swollen and degenerated.Additionally,compared to WT mice,serum malondialdehyde levels in KO mice were higher,and the antioxidant capacity was significantly lower.The expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)in the colonic mucosal tissue of KO mice was significantly decreased after DSS treatment.mRNA levels of Nrf2-re
