Insertion sequences(ISs)promote the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs)across bacterial populations.However,their contributions and dynamics during the transmission of resistance remain unclear.In thi...Insertion sequences(ISs)promote the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs)across bacterial populations.However,their contributions and dynamics during the transmission of resistance remain unclear.In this study,we selected is26 as a representative transposable element to decipher the relationship between ISs and ARGs and to investigate their transfer features and transmission trends.We retrieved 2656 translocatable IS26-bounded units with ARGs(tiS26-bUs-ARGs)in complete bacterial genomes from the NCBI RefSeq database.In total,124 ARGs spanning 12 classes of antibiotics were detected,and the average contribution rate of IS26 to these genes was 41.2%.We found that IS26-bounded units(IS26-bUs)mediated extensive ARG dissemination within the bacteria of the Gammaproteobacteria class,showing strong transfer po-tential between strains,species,and even phyla.The Is26-bUs expanded in bacterial populations over time,and their temporal expansion trend was significantly correlated with antibiotic usage.This wide dissemination could be due to the nonspecific target site preference of is26.Finally,we experimentally confirmed that the introduction of a single copy of is26 could lead to the formation of a composite transposon mediating the transmission of“passenger”genes.These observations extend our knowledge of the IS26 and provide new insights into the mediating role of ISs in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.展开更多
The accelerated weight gain in productive animals as a result of feeding antibiotic enriched fodder has been well known for decades. The better energy harvest is the result of modified gut microbiota as a consequence ...The accelerated weight gain in productive animals as a result of feeding antibiotic enriched fodder has been well known for decades. The better energy harvest is the result of modified gut microbiota as a consequence of applied antibiotics. Similar mechanisms might result obesity in humans as well. Objectives: Finding associations between global antibiotic consumption of different classes in EU countries and obesity data in adults and children prove that antibiotics might play a significant role in the development of obesity “epidemics” and related illnesses. Methods: Antibiotic consumption data were compared with obesity figures in adults and children in European countries and statistically analyzed for significance. Results: Significant correlation was found between the average yearly consumption of cephalosporins (p = 0.007), quinolones (p = 0.031), macrolides (p = 0.000083) and childhood obesity data, but no significant association was observed with the average penicillin consumption. No association was observed between adult obesity and any of the antibiotic classes studied. Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that different types of antibiotics might influence the development of obesity among children, and this finding can serve as a unified explanation for the development of obesity “epidemics”, similarly to the obesity and gut flora alteration-related diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus, autism, etc.).展开更多
The relationship between antibiotic consumption and resistance has been widely evaluated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens in the nosocomial setting, and its resistance to an...The relationship between antibiotic consumption and resistance has been widely evaluated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens in the nosocomial setting, and its resistance to antibiotics is increaseing. Production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is currently the most fearful resistance mechanism due to the potential of dissemination. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between antibiotic consumption (expressed in DDD/100 bed days) and resistance (expressed in % of isolates and patients) in different time periods for P. aeruginosa between 2006 and 2009 at Saint George Hospital University Medical Center (SGH-UMC), Beirut. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated and linear regression was performed. Detection of MBL-producing Imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa (IRPA) isolates between 2008 and 2009 was performed using three MBL screening methods: MBL Etest?, Imipenem/EDTA combined disk test and EDTA disk potentiation with four cephalosporins. The modified Hodge test was also performed. From 2006 till 2009, there was a trend of increasing resistance of P. aeruginosa to all antibiotics, and the highest % of resistance was for Ofloxacin. Concerning resistance expressed by isolates, high correlation coefficients resulted among Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin and Tazobactam consumption and resistance to these agents in the same year correlation;Ceftazidime and Ofloxacin consumption and resistance in the next year correlation;Gentamicin and Ofloxacin consumption and the change in resistance (ΔR). Concerning resistance expressed by patients, results were similar except for Ceftazidime and Ofloxacin correlation in the next year correlation. In MBL screening, three isolates gave accordance among 4 methods which showed a positive result. The correlation between antibiotic consumption and resistance is highly dependent on the kind of antibiotic, the organism and the time of correlation. Various MBL screening phenotypic methods on one isolate can increase accuracy and eliminate展开更多
Introduction: The prevalence of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> has rapidly incr...Introduction: The prevalence of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> has rapidly increased in recent years and the distribution differed greatly by region, We aimed to study the relationship between antibiotic resistance and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">K. pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, especially carbapenem-resistant </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (CRKP) in our tertiary hospitals from 2014 to 2018.</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology: The antibiotic consumption data of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">K. pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were expressed as the defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 inpatient days</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(DDDs). </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">K. pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> which isolated from clinical samples in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> hospital between January 2014 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and the correlation between antibiotic resistance rate and antibiotic frequency was analyzed.</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: From 2014 to 2018, a total of 2295 strains of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">K. pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were isolated, with the detection rates of 8.2%, 9.2%, 11.9%, 13.4% and 14.0%. There were 423 strains of CRKP, with the detection rates of 7.5%, 5.8%, 17</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">8% 24.2% and 25.2% respectively. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">K. pne展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effect of pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship based on value-based healthcare in a tertiary hospital in China.Methods The application of plan-do-check-action(PDCA)cycle and antimicrob...Objective To evaluate the effect of pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship based on value-based healthcare in a tertiary hospital in China.Methods The application of plan-do-check-action(PDCA)cycle and antimicrobial stewardship(AMS)were respectively used to improve the rational use of antimicrobial agents in prophylactic and therapeutic.Data were collected and the effect was assessed during the management period(2016-2019).Results and Conclusion From 2016(before implementation)to 2019(after implementation),the rational use of antibiotics were obviously enhanced in outpatients,inpatients,and emergency department.For instance,the utilization rate in type I incision operation was decreased from 26.42%to 14.60%(P=0.000),the daily doses of antibiotic per 100 patient-days decreased from 49.34±2.97 to 35.89±4.96(P=0.000),and the average antibiotic expenditures dropped from 948.53 yuan to 526.30 yuan(P=0.000).There was no significant change in infection rate,nosocomial mortality rate,and the length of hospital stay.After the implementation of clinical pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship based on value-based healthcare,the consumption and cost of antibacterial have been greatly reduced.Therefore,the pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship increases its value。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant No.2021YFC2302005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.32300162 and 32070075).
文摘Insertion sequences(ISs)promote the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes(ARGs)across bacterial populations.However,their contributions and dynamics during the transmission of resistance remain unclear.In this study,we selected is26 as a representative transposable element to decipher the relationship between ISs and ARGs and to investigate their transfer features and transmission trends.We retrieved 2656 translocatable IS26-bounded units with ARGs(tiS26-bUs-ARGs)in complete bacterial genomes from the NCBI RefSeq database.In total,124 ARGs spanning 12 classes of antibiotics were detected,and the average contribution rate of IS26 to these genes was 41.2%.We found that IS26-bounded units(IS26-bUs)mediated extensive ARG dissemination within the bacteria of the Gammaproteobacteria class,showing strong transfer po-tential between strains,species,and even phyla.The Is26-bUs expanded in bacterial populations over time,and their temporal expansion trend was significantly correlated with antibiotic usage.This wide dissemination could be due to the nonspecific target site preference of is26.Finally,we experimentally confirmed that the introduction of a single copy of is26 could lead to the formation of a composite transposon mediating the transmission of“passenger”genes.These observations extend our knowledge of the IS26 and provide new insights into the mediating role of ISs in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.
文摘The accelerated weight gain in productive animals as a result of feeding antibiotic enriched fodder has been well known for decades. The better energy harvest is the result of modified gut microbiota as a consequence of applied antibiotics. Similar mechanisms might result obesity in humans as well. Objectives: Finding associations between global antibiotic consumption of different classes in EU countries and obesity data in adults and children prove that antibiotics might play a significant role in the development of obesity “epidemics” and related illnesses. Methods: Antibiotic consumption data were compared with obesity figures in adults and children in European countries and statistically analyzed for significance. Results: Significant correlation was found between the average yearly consumption of cephalosporins (p = 0.007), quinolones (p = 0.031), macrolides (p = 0.000083) and childhood obesity data, but no significant association was observed with the average penicillin consumption. No association was observed between adult obesity and any of the antibiotic classes studied. Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis that different types of antibiotics might influence the development of obesity among children, and this finding can serve as a unified explanation for the development of obesity “epidemics”, similarly to the obesity and gut flora alteration-related diseases (type 2 diabetes mellitus, autism, etc.).
文摘The relationship between antibiotic consumption and resistance has been widely evaluated. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens in the nosocomial setting, and its resistance to antibiotics is increaseing. Production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is currently the most fearful resistance mechanism due to the potential of dissemination. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between antibiotic consumption (expressed in DDD/100 bed days) and resistance (expressed in % of isolates and patients) in different time periods for P. aeruginosa between 2006 and 2009 at Saint George Hospital University Medical Center (SGH-UMC), Beirut. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated and linear regression was performed. Detection of MBL-producing Imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa (IRPA) isolates between 2008 and 2009 was performed using three MBL screening methods: MBL Etest?, Imipenem/EDTA combined disk test and EDTA disk potentiation with four cephalosporins. The modified Hodge test was also performed. From 2006 till 2009, there was a trend of increasing resistance of P. aeruginosa to all antibiotics, and the highest % of resistance was for Ofloxacin. Concerning resistance expressed by isolates, high correlation coefficients resulted among Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin and Tazobactam consumption and resistance to these agents in the same year correlation;Ceftazidime and Ofloxacin consumption and resistance in the next year correlation;Gentamicin and Ofloxacin consumption and the change in resistance (ΔR). Concerning resistance expressed by patients, results were similar except for Ceftazidime and Ofloxacin correlation in the next year correlation. In MBL screening, three isolates gave accordance among 4 methods which showed a positive result. The correlation between antibiotic consumption and resistance is highly dependent on the kind of antibiotic, the organism and the time of correlation. Various MBL screening phenotypic methods on one isolate can increase accuracy and eliminate
文摘Introduction: The prevalence of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> has rapidly increased in recent years and the distribution differed greatly by region, We aimed to study the relationship between antibiotic resistance and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">K. pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, especially carbapenem-resistant </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (CRKP) in our tertiary hospitals from 2014 to 2018.</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology: The antibiotic consumption data of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">K. pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were expressed as the defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 inpatient days</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(DDDs). </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">K. pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> which isolated from clinical samples in</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> hospital between January 2014 and December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and the correlation between antibiotic resistance rate and antibiotic frequency was analyzed.</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results: From 2014 to 2018, a total of 2295 strains of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">K. pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were isolated, with the detection rates of 8.2%, 9.2%, 11.9%, 13.4% and 14.0%. There were 423 strains of CRKP, with the detection rates of 7.5%, 5.8%, 17</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">8% 24.2% and 25.2% respectively. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">K. pne
基金the project:the Science and Technology Planning Project of Zhuhai City of China(No.20191206F060001)。
文摘Objective To evaluate the effect of pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship based on value-based healthcare in a tertiary hospital in China.Methods The application of plan-do-check-action(PDCA)cycle and antimicrobial stewardship(AMS)were respectively used to improve the rational use of antimicrobial agents in prophylactic and therapeutic.Data were collected and the effect was assessed during the management period(2016-2019).Results and Conclusion From 2016(before implementation)to 2019(after implementation),the rational use of antibiotics were obviously enhanced in outpatients,inpatients,and emergency department.For instance,the utilization rate in type I incision operation was decreased from 26.42%to 14.60%(P=0.000),the daily doses of antibiotic per 100 patient-days decreased from 49.34±2.97 to 35.89±4.96(P=0.000),and the average antibiotic expenditures dropped from 948.53 yuan to 526.30 yuan(P=0.000).There was no significant change in infection rate,nosocomial mortality rate,and the length of hospital stay.After the implementation of clinical pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship based on value-based healthcare,the consumption and cost of antibacterial have been greatly reduced.Therefore,the pharmacist-driven antimicrobial stewardship increases its value。
