Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles(Zn O-NPs) has received significant interest worldwide particularly by the implementation of nanotechnology to synthesize particles in the nanometer region. Many micro...Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles(Zn O-NPs) has received significant interest worldwide particularly by the implementation of nanotechnology to synthesize particles in the nanometer region. Many microorganisms exist in the range from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers. Zn O-NPs exhibit attractive antibacterial properties due to increased specific surface area as the reduced particle size leading to enhanced particle surface reactivity. Zn O is a bio-safe material that possesses photo-oxidizing and photocatalysis impacts on chemical and biological species. This review covered Zn O-NPs antibacterial activity including testing methods, impact of UV illumination, Zn O particle properties(size, concentration, morphology, and defects), particle surface modification, and minimum inhibitory concentration. Particular emphasize was given to bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms with focus on generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) including hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), OH-(hydroxyl radicals), and O2-2(peroxide). ROS has been a major factor for several mechanisms including cell wall damage due to Zn O-localized interaction, enhanced membrane permeability, internalization of NPs due to loss of proton motive force and uptake of toxic dissolved zinc ions.These have led to mitochondria weakness, intracellular outflow, and release in gene expression of oxidative stress which caused eventual cell growth inhibition and cell death. In some cases, enhanced antibacterial activity can be attributed to surface defects on Zn O abrasive surface texture. One functional application of the Zn O antibacterial bioactivity was discussed in food packaging industry where Zn O-NPs are used as an antibacterial agent toward foodborne diseases. Proper incorporation of Zn O-NPs into packaging materials can cause interaction with foodborne pathogens, thereby releasing NPs onto food surface where they come in contact with bad bacteria and cause the bacterial death and/or inhibition.展开更多
目的:研究石榴皮鞣质(tannins from Pericarpium Granati,TPG)的抗菌活性及对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,SA)的抗菌机制。方法:实验采用牛津杯法和试管二倍稀释法研究了石榴皮鞣质对5种不同细菌的抗菌活性,并以药物敏感性最...目的:研究石榴皮鞣质(tannins from Pericarpium Granati,TPG)的抗菌活性及对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,SA)的抗菌机制。方法:实验采用牛津杯法和试管二倍稀释法研究了石榴皮鞣质对5种不同细菌的抗菌活性,并以药物敏感性最强的金黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌,通过测定菌体胞外碱性磷酸酶(AKP)含量、胞外钾离子(K+)浓度、大分子核酸的吸光度值、胞内和胞外总三磷酸腺苷酶(T-ATPase)、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和透射电镜(TEM)观察,研究了石榴皮鞣质对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌机制。结果:石榴皮鞣质对革兰阳性菌具有较强的抗菌活性,而对革兰阴性菌抗菌活性较弱,经药物作用后金黄色葡萄球菌菌体胞外AKP、K+和核酸含量与对照组相比均升高,胞内ATP酶浓度显著降低。SDSPAGE分析表明石榴皮鞣质能够抑制菌体蛋白质合成,尤其是大相对分子质量蛋白。透射电镜表明菌体细胞膜结构和完整性被破坏。结论:石榴皮鞣质对革兰阳性菌具有较强的抗菌活性,能够显著影响金黄色葡萄球菌的细胞壁和细胞膜结构,且对菌体内蛋白合成具有一定的抑制作用。展开更多
基金support from a research university Grant number 1001/PFIZIK/814174 of Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM)
文摘Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles(Zn O-NPs) has received significant interest worldwide particularly by the implementation of nanotechnology to synthesize particles in the nanometer region. Many microorganisms exist in the range from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers. Zn O-NPs exhibit attractive antibacterial properties due to increased specific surface area as the reduced particle size leading to enhanced particle surface reactivity. Zn O is a bio-safe material that possesses photo-oxidizing and photocatalysis impacts on chemical and biological species. This review covered Zn O-NPs antibacterial activity including testing methods, impact of UV illumination, Zn O particle properties(size, concentration, morphology, and defects), particle surface modification, and minimum inhibitory concentration. Particular emphasize was given to bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms with focus on generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) including hydrogen peroxide(H2O2), OH-(hydroxyl radicals), and O2-2(peroxide). ROS has been a major factor for several mechanisms including cell wall damage due to Zn O-localized interaction, enhanced membrane permeability, internalization of NPs due to loss of proton motive force and uptake of toxic dissolved zinc ions.These have led to mitochondria weakness, intracellular outflow, and release in gene expression of oxidative stress which caused eventual cell growth inhibition and cell death. In some cases, enhanced antibacterial activity can be attributed to surface defects on Zn O abrasive surface texture. One functional application of the Zn O antibacterial bioactivity was discussed in food packaging industry where Zn O-NPs are used as an antibacterial agent toward foodborne diseases. Proper incorporation of Zn O-NPs into packaging materials can cause interaction with foodborne pathogens, thereby releasing NPs onto food surface where they come in contact with bad bacteria and cause the bacterial death and/or inhibition.
文摘目的:研究石榴皮鞣质(tannins from Pericarpium Granati,TPG)的抗菌活性及对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,SA)的抗菌机制。方法:实验采用牛津杯法和试管二倍稀释法研究了石榴皮鞣质对5种不同细菌的抗菌活性,并以药物敏感性最强的金黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌,通过测定菌体胞外碱性磷酸酶(AKP)含量、胞外钾离子(K+)浓度、大分子核酸的吸光度值、胞内和胞外总三磷酸腺苷酶(T-ATPase)、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和透射电镜(TEM)观察,研究了石榴皮鞣质对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌机制。结果:石榴皮鞣质对革兰阳性菌具有较强的抗菌活性,而对革兰阴性菌抗菌活性较弱,经药物作用后金黄色葡萄球菌菌体胞外AKP、K+和核酸含量与对照组相比均升高,胞内ATP酶浓度显著降低。SDSPAGE分析表明石榴皮鞣质能够抑制菌体蛋白质合成,尤其是大相对分子质量蛋白。透射电镜表明菌体细胞膜结构和完整性被破坏。结论:石榴皮鞣质对革兰阳性菌具有较强的抗菌活性,能够显著影响金黄色葡萄球菌的细胞壁和细胞膜结构,且对菌体内蛋白合成具有一定的抑制作用。
