The report describes the use of solid-phase extraction(SPE)and LC/MS/MS to investigate the occurrence and distribution of 4 estrogens(estrone,17 β-estradiol,estriol,and 17 α-ethynylestradiol)and 3 anti-inflammatorie...The report describes the use of solid-phase extraction(SPE)and LC/MS/MS to investigate the occurrence and distribution of 4 estrogens(estrone,17 β-estradiol,estriol,and 17 α-ethynylestradiol)and 3 anti-inflammatories(ibuprofen,ketoprofen and naproxen)in the Zhangweinanyun River System(China).Relatively higher concentrations were observed for estrone,17 α-ethynylestradiol,and ketoprofen in the Wei Canal than in the Wei River and in the Zhangweixin River.The study suggested that there is a potential ecological risk of male fish feminization from estrogens in the Zhangweinanyun River System.展开更多
The inflammato ry response plays an important role in neuroprotection and regeneration after ischemic insult.The use of non-ste roidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been a matter of debate as to whether they have benefi...The inflammato ry response plays an important role in neuroprotection and regeneration after ischemic insult.The use of non-ste roidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been a matter of debate as to whether they have beneficial or detrimental effects.In this context,the effects of the anti-inflammatory agent meloxicam have been scarcely documented after stro ke,but its ability to inhibit both cyclooxygenase isoforms(1 and 2) could be a promising strategy to modulate postischemic inflammation.This study analyzed the effect of meloxicam in a transient focal cerebral ischemia model in rats,measuring its neuroprotective effect after 48 hours and 7 days of reperfusion and the effects of the treatment on the glial scar and regenerative events such as the generation of new progenitors in the subventricular zone and axonal sprouting at the edge of the damaged area.We show that meloxicam’s neuroprotective effects remained after 7 days of reperfusion even if its administration was restricted to the two first days after ischemia.Moreover,meloxicam treatment modulated glial scar reactivity,which matched with an increase in axonal sprouting.However,this treatment decreased the formation of neuronal progenitor cells.This study discusses the dual role of anti-inflammatory treatments after stro ke and encourages the careful analysis of both the neuroprotective and the regenerative effects in preclinical studies.展开更多
AIM: To determine the effect of discontinuing nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) on recurrence in long-term follow-up patients with colonic diverticular bleeding(CDB).METHODS: A cohort of 132 patients hospita...AIM: To determine the effect of discontinuing nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) on recurrence in long-term follow-up patients with colonic diverticular bleeding(CDB).METHODS: A cohort of 132 patients hospitalized for CDB examined by colonoscopy was prospectively enrolled. Comorbidities, lifestyle, and medications(NSAIDs, low-dose aspirin, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, acetaminophen, and corticosteroids) were assessed. After discharge, patients were requested to visit the hospital on scheduled days during the followup period. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate recurrence.RESULTS: Median follow-up was 15 mo. The probability of recurrence at 1, 6, 12, and 24 mo was 3.1%, 19%, 27%, and 38%, respectively. Of the 41 NSAID users on admission, 26(63%) discontinued NSAID use at discharge. Many of the patients who could discontinue NSAIDs were intermittent users, and could be switched to alternative therapies, such as acetaminophen or an antiinflammatory analgesic plaster. The probability of recurrence at 12 mo was 9.4% in discontinuing NSAID users compared with 77% in continuing users(P < 0.01, log-rank test). The hazard ratio for recurrence in the discontinuing NSAIDs users was 0.06 after adjusting for age > 70 years, right-sided diverticula, history of hypertension, and hemodialysis. No patients developed cerebrocardiovascular events during follow-up.CONCLUSION: There is a substantial recurrence rate after discharge among patients hospitalized for diverticular bleeding. Discontinuation of NSAIDs is an effective preventive measure against recurrence. This study provides new information on risk reduction strategies for diverticular bleeding.展开更多
Objective： This study evaluates the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, cytotoxicity, and inhibitory activity against carbohydrate metabolism of extracts from Ocotea bullata stem b...Objective： This study evaluates the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, cytotoxicity, and inhibitory activity against carbohydrate metabolism of extracts from Ocotea bullata stem bark. Methods： Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were used to extract the air-dried sample. The phytochemical investigation and antioxidant assays were carried out on the extracts using standard procedures. The antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potentials were evaluated using α-amylase, α-glucosidase and 5-1ipoxygenase enzymes respectively. Vero cells were employed to determine the cytotoxicity of the extracts. Results： The ethyl acetate extract showed higher phenolic contents （8.97 mg/g gallic acid） while metha- nol displayed higher flavonoid （36.06 mg/g quercetin） and flavonol （153.44 mg/g rutin） contents than other extracts. Hexane extract had the greatest capacity to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl （0.19mg/mL）, hydroxyl （25.77mg/mL） and 2,2-azino-bisC3-ethylbenzothiazoline）-6-sulfonic acid （0.07 mg/mL） radicals, while ethyl acetate extract exhibited stronger inhibition （P 〈 0.05） against superoxide anion （0.41 mg/mL） and ferric ion-reducing power （2.36 mg/mL） compared to other extracts and standards. Aqueous extract （27.02 mg/mL） exhibited strong metal-chelating activity （P 〈 0.05） compared to other extracts and gallic acid. The aqueous extract demonstrated the greatest inhibition of α-glucosidase （1.45 mg/mL） and α-amylase （2.43 mg/mL） compared to other extracts and acarbose. There were no significant differences （P 〈 0.05） in half-maximum inhibitory concentration （ICso） values of all tested extracts and indomethacin in the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase activity. The aqueous extract was nontoxic to Vero cells with an IC50 value of 0.38 mg/mL. Conclusion： O. bullata stem bark contains active phytochemicals with diverse pharmacological potentials that could be beneficial in managing diabetes and inflammat展开更多
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2006CB403403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20877009)the Scientific Research Foundation of the State Human Resource Ministry and the Ministry of Education for Returned Chinese Scholars,China(213009)
文摘The report describes the use of solid-phase extraction(SPE)and LC/MS/MS to investigate the occurrence and distribution of 4 estrogens(estrone,17 β-estradiol,estriol,and 17 α-ethynylestradiol)and 3 anti-inflammatories(ibuprofen,ketoprofen and naproxen)in the Zhangweinanyun River System(China).Relatively higher concentrations were observed for estrone,17 α-ethynylestradiol,and ketoprofen in the Wei Canal than in the Wei River and in the Zhangweixin River.The study suggested that there is a potential ecological risk of male fish feminization from estrogens in the Zhangweinanyun River System.
基金supported by MINECO and FEDER funds:ref CPP2021-008855 and RTC-2015-4094-1,Junta de Castilla y León ref.LE025P1 7Neural Therapies SLref.NTDev-01 (all to AFL and JMGO)。
文摘The inflammato ry response plays an important role in neuroprotection and regeneration after ischemic insult.The use of non-ste roidal anti-inflammatory drugs has been a matter of debate as to whether they have beneficial or detrimental effects.In this context,the effects of the anti-inflammatory agent meloxicam have been scarcely documented after stro ke,but its ability to inhibit both cyclooxygenase isoforms(1 and 2) could be a promising strategy to modulate postischemic inflammation.This study analyzed the effect of meloxicam in a transient focal cerebral ischemia model in rats,measuring its neuroprotective effect after 48 hours and 7 days of reperfusion and the effects of the treatment on the glial scar and regenerative events such as the generation of new progenitors in the subventricular zone and axonal sprouting at the edge of the damaged area.We show that meloxicam’s neuroprotective effects remained after 7 days of reperfusion even if its administration was restricted to the two first days after ischemia.Moreover,meloxicam treatment modulated glial scar reactivity,which matched with an increase in axonal sprouting.However,this treatment decreased the formation of neuronal progenitor cells.This study discusses the dual role of anti-inflammatory treatments after stro ke and encourages the careful analysis of both the neuroprotective and the regenerative effects in preclinical studies.
基金Supported by A Grant-in-Aid for Research from the National Center for Global Health and Medicine No.26A-201
文摘AIM: To determine the effect of discontinuing nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) on recurrence in long-term follow-up patients with colonic diverticular bleeding(CDB).METHODS: A cohort of 132 patients hospitalized for CDB examined by colonoscopy was prospectively enrolled. Comorbidities, lifestyle, and medications(NSAIDs, low-dose aspirin, antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, acetaminophen, and corticosteroids) were assessed. After discharge, patients were requested to visit the hospital on scheduled days during the followup period. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate recurrence.RESULTS: Median follow-up was 15 mo. The probability of recurrence at 1, 6, 12, and 24 mo was 3.1%, 19%, 27%, and 38%, respectively. Of the 41 NSAID users on admission, 26(63%) discontinued NSAID use at discharge. Many of the patients who could discontinue NSAIDs were intermittent users, and could be switched to alternative therapies, such as acetaminophen or an antiinflammatory analgesic plaster. The probability of recurrence at 12 mo was 9.4% in discontinuing NSAID users compared with 77% in continuing users(P < 0.01, log-rank test). The hazard ratio for recurrence in the discontinuing NSAIDs users was 0.06 after adjusting for age > 70 years, right-sided diverticula, history of hypertension, and hemodialysis. No patients developed cerebrocardiovascular events during follow-up.CONCLUSION: There is a substantial recurrence rate after discharge among patients hospitalized for diverticular bleeding. Discontinuation of NSAIDs is an effective preventive measure against recurrence. This study provides new information on risk reduction strategies for diverticular bleeding.
文摘Objective： This study evaluates the phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, cytotoxicity, and inhibitory activity against carbohydrate metabolism of extracts from Ocotea bullata stem bark. Methods： Hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were used to extract the air-dried sample. The phytochemical investigation and antioxidant assays were carried out on the extracts using standard procedures. The antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory potentials were evaluated using α-amylase, α-glucosidase and 5-1ipoxygenase enzymes respectively. Vero cells were employed to determine the cytotoxicity of the extracts. Results： The ethyl acetate extract showed higher phenolic contents （8.97 mg/g gallic acid） while metha- nol displayed higher flavonoid （36.06 mg/g quercetin） and flavonol （153.44 mg/g rutin） contents than other extracts. Hexane extract had the greatest capacity to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl （0.19mg/mL）, hydroxyl （25.77mg/mL） and 2,2-azino-bisC3-ethylbenzothiazoline）-6-sulfonic acid （0.07 mg/mL） radicals, while ethyl acetate extract exhibited stronger inhibition （P 〈 0.05） against superoxide anion （0.41 mg/mL） and ferric ion-reducing power （2.36 mg/mL） compared to other extracts and standards. Aqueous extract （27.02 mg/mL） exhibited strong metal-chelating activity （P 〈 0.05） compared to other extracts and gallic acid. The aqueous extract demonstrated the greatest inhibition of α-glucosidase （1.45 mg/mL） and α-amylase （2.43 mg/mL） compared to other extracts and acarbose. There were no significant differences （P 〈 0.05） in half-maximum inhibitory concentration （ICso） values of all tested extracts and indomethacin in the inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase activity. The aqueous extract was nontoxic to Vero cells with an IC50 value of 0.38 mg/mL. Conclusion： O. bullata stem bark contains active phytochemicals with diverse pharmacological potentials that could be beneficial in managing diabetes and inflammat
