The karyotype of two Chinese species in Orius were studied in male germ cells prepared on air dried slides stained with Giemsa. It is reported that two species have 24 chromosomes in diploid and X Y sex chromoso...The karyotype of two Chinese species in Orius were studied in male germ cells prepared on air dried slides stained with Giemsa. It is reported that two species have 24 chromosomes in diploid and X Y sex chromosomal mechanism. But the beha vior of chromosomes during meiosis between two species is different. Which show in the arrangment and location of the X chromosome and autosome at the late diakinesis as well as metaphase stage respectively and so on. These characteristics may be used in ta xonomy among species of Orius .展开更多
Several factitious foods were assessed for rearing the anthocorid predators Orius thripoborus （Hesse） and Orius naivashae （Poppius） （Hemiptera： Anthocoridae） in the laboratory. Developmental and reproductive tr...Several factitious foods were assessed for rearing the anthocorid predators Orius thripoborus （Hesse） and Orius naivashae （Poppius） （Hemiptera： Anthocoridae） in the laboratory. Developmental and reproductive traits of both Orius species were examined when offered frozen eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, frozen processed eggs of the medfly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, or mixed motile stages of the astigmatid mites Tyrophagusputrescentiae （Schrank） or Carpoglyphus lactis （L）. Whereas C. lactis and T. putresecentiae proved to be an inferior food for rearing O. thripoborus and O. naivashae, eggs of C. capitata fully supported development and reproduction of both predators. Results on medfly eggs were similar or slightly inferior to those on E. kuehniella eggs, which is the standard food for culturing these anthocorid bugs. O. thripoborus could be maintained for 4 consecutive generations on C. capitata eggs indicating that processed medfly eggs can be a suitable and cheaper alternative to E. kuehniella eggs for prolonged rearing of these Orius spp.展开更多
Karyotype of 3 species of the genus Orius Wolff were firstly studied using the Giemsa staining and squashing slides method in male germ cell. It is reported that number of chromosome and system of sex chromosome of ha...Karyotype of 3 species of the genus Orius Wolff were firstly studied using the Giemsa staining and squashing slides method in male germ cell. It is reported that number of chromosome and system of sex chromosome of haploid chromosome complement of these species is n=11A＋X （Y） in the first meiotic stage. However, the behavior of chromosomes among the species are different distinctly, thus cytotaxonomic character can be adopted to the identification among the three species.展开更多
Cardiastethus exiguus Poppius is an indigenous anthocorid predator of eggs and neonates of the notorious pest,coconut black-headed caterpillar Opisina arenosella Walker in India.At the National Bureau of Agriculturall...Cardiastethus exiguus Poppius is an indigenous anthocorid predator of eggs and neonates of the notorious pest,coconut black-headed caterpillar Opisina arenosella Walker in India.At the National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects(Indian Council of Agricultural Research),Bangalore,India,a simple mass production protocol was developed for multiplying C.exiguus using UV-irradiated eggs of alternate laboratory host Corcyra cephalonica Stainton.Field evaluation of the predator in the states of Kerala and Karnataka indicated that this predator could bring about a significant reduction in the pest population.Subsequently,the need was felt to investigate the storage efficacy of the eggs and adults of C.exiguus so that sufficient numbers could be accumulated and transportation of the predator could be planned for field releases.Low temperature storage studies indicated that C.exiguus eggs can be safely stored for up to 5 days at 10℃ and 10 days at 15℃ and incubation period could be staggered for up to 10 and 13 days,respectively.The longevity of the C.exiguus adults was significantly reduced due to low temperature storage.However,for adult females,a storage temperature of 15℃ for 15 days could be recommended as they could live for a more than a month after removal from storage and their progeny production was comparable to that of the control adults.展开更多
Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius (Heteroptera:Anthocoridae),which is amenable to mass rearing,has proved to be a potential predator of sucking pests like mites and thrips.Recently,the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solen...Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius (Heteroptera:Anthocoridae),which is amenable to mass rearing,has proved to be a potential predator of sucking pests like mites and thrips.Recently,the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley emerged as a serious pest on cotton in India.Laboratory studies indicated that B.pallescens could feed on the cotton mealybug.Hence,further investigations were conducted to understand the stage of the predator which is most potential and the pest stage preferred by the predator.Mature nymphs and adults of B.pallescens could predate equally well on the neonates of cotton mealybug.Young (three to four-day-old) nymphs of the predator could not feed on any stage of the cotton mealybug.Mature nymphs (seven-day-old and above) and adults could effectively predate on both young and mature cotton mealybug crawlers,though preference was more for the younger crawlers.However,nymphs and adults of B.pallescens could not predate on the adult stage of the mealybug.Different predator:pest ratios were tested in cage studies and it emerged that B.pallescens adults released against the mealybug crawlers at a ratio of 1:5 and nymphal release at 1:10 caused maximum mortality of the mealybug crawlers.Considering the fast multiplication rate of cotton mealybug and the large number of predators which have to be released to manage them,further detailed studies are necessary on utilizing B.pallescens to target the neonates and younger stages of the cotton mealybug in field conditions.展开更多
Genetically engineered(GE)cotton,MON 88702,is protected against cer-tain sucking pests,such as plant bugs and thrips,by producing mCry51Aa2,a mod-ified protein from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt).Predatory pirate bugs(Ori...Genetically engineered(GE)cotton,MON 88702,is protected against cer-tain sucking pests,such as plant bugs and thrips,by producing mCry51Aa2,a mod-ified protein from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt).Predatory pirate bugs(Orius spp.),natural enemies contributing to biological pest control,are also sensitive to the insecti-cidal protein when exposed continuously to high concentrations.We evaluated effects of MON 88702 on Orius majusculus when fed prey types with different mCry51Aa2 concen-trations.When neonates were provided exclusively Tetranychus urticae spider mites reared on MON 88702(high mCry51Aa2 content),adverse effects on predator survival and de-velopment were confirmed,compared with specimens fed prey from near-isogenic non-Bt cotton.When fed a mixture of T.urticae and Ephestia kuehniella eggs(mCry51Aa2-free),predator life table parameters were similar to the treatment where eggs were fed exclu-sively.When mCry51Aa2-containing spider mites were provided for a limited time at the beginning or the end of juvenile development,effects were less pronounced.While pirate bug nymphs showed similar consumption rates for prey from Bt and non-Bt cotton,choice experiments revealed a preference for E.kuehniella eggs over spider mites.Lepidopteran larvae(Spodoptera littoralis,high mCry51Aa2 content)or cotton aphids(Aphis gossypii,mCry51Aa2-free)reared on MON 88702 as alternative prey did not result in adverse ef-fects on O.majusculus.Our study suggests limited risk of mCry51Aa2-producing cotton for O.majusculus,because its sensitivity for the Bt protein is relatively low and its natural food consists of diverse prey species with varying concentrations of Bt protein.展开更多
基金The work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China( 395 70 1 0 8) for second author and Zhejiang Forestry College Science Foundation
文摘The karyotype of two Chinese species in Orius were studied in male germ cells prepared on air dried slides stained with Giemsa. It is reported that two species have 24 chromosomes in diploid and X Y sex chromosomal mechanism. But the beha vior of chromosomes during meiosis between two species is different. Which show in the arrangment and location of the X chromosome and autosome at the late diakinesis as well as metaphase stage respectively and so on. These characteristics may be used in ta xonomy among species of Orius .
文摘Several factitious foods were assessed for rearing the anthocorid predators Orius thripoborus （Hesse） and Orius naivashae （Poppius） （Hemiptera： Anthocoridae） in the laboratory. Developmental and reproductive traits of both Orius species were examined when offered frozen eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, frozen processed eggs of the medfly, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, or mixed motile stages of the astigmatid mites Tyrophagusputrescentiae （Schrank） or Carpoglyphus lactis （L）. Whereas C. lactis and T. putresecentiae proved to be an inferior food for rearing O. thripoborus and O. naivashae, eggs of C. capitata fully supported development and reproduction of both predators. Results on medfly eggs were similar or slightly inferior to those on E. kuehniella eggs, which is the standard food for culturing these anthocorid bugs. O. thripoborus could be maintained for 4 consecutive generations on C. capitata eggs indicating that processed medfly eggs can be a suitable and cheaper alternative to E. kuehniella eggs for prolonged rearing of these Orius spp.
基金The work was supported by Zhejiang Forestry College Science Foundation
文摘Karyotype of 3 species of the genus Orius Wolff were firstly studied using the Giemsa staining and squashing slides method in male germ cell. It is reported that number of chromosome and system of sex chromosome of haploid chromosome complement of these species is n=11A＋X （Y） in the first meiotic stage. However, the behavior of chromosomes among the species are different distinctly, thus cytotaxonomic character can be adopted to the identification among the three species.
文摘Cardiastethus exiguus Poppius is an indigenous anthocorid predator of eggs and neonates of the notorious pest,coconut black-headed caterpillar Opisina arenosella Walker in India.At the National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects(Indian Council of Agricultural Research),Bangalore,India,a simple mass production protocol was developed for multiplying C.exiguus using UV-irradiated eggs of alternate laboratory host Corcyra cephalonica Stainton.Field evaluation of the predator in the states of Kerala and Karnataka indicated that this predator could bring about a significant reduction in the pest population.Subsequently,the need was felt to investigate the storage efficacy of the eggs and adults of C.exiguus so that sufficient numbers could be accumulated and transportation of the predator could be planned for field releases.Low temperature storage studies indicated that C.exiguus eggs can be safely stored for up to 5 days at 10℃ and 10 days at 15℃ and incubation period could be staggered for up to 10 and 13 days,respectively.The longevity of the C.exiguus adults was significantly reduced due to low temperature storage.However,for adult females,a storage temperature of 15℃ for 15 days could be recommended as they could live for a more than a month after removal from storage and their progeny production was comparable to that of the control adults.
基金financial support extended by the Cotton Mission Mode project TMC MM1 3. 3
文摘Blaptostethus pallescens Poppius (Heteroptera:Anthocoridae),which is amenable to mass rearing,has proved to be a potential predator of sucking pests like mites and thrips.Recently,the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley emerged as a serious pest on cotton in India.Laboratory studies indicated that B.pallescens could feed on the cotton mealybug.Hence,further investigations were conducted to understand the stage of the predator which is most potential and the pest stage preferred by the predator.Mature nymphs and adults of B.pallescens could predate equally well on the neonates of cotton mealybug.Young (three to four-day-old) nymphs of the predator could not feed on any stage of the cotton mealybug.Mature nymphs (seven-day-old and above) and adults could effectively predate on both young and mature cotton mealybug crawlers,though preference was more for the younger crawlers.However,nymphs and adults of B.pallescens could not predate on the adult stage of the mealybug.Different predator:pest ratios were tested in cage studies and it emerged that B.pallescens adults released against the mealybug crawlers at a ratio of 1:5 and nymphal release at 1:10 caused maximum mortality of the mealybug crawlers.Considering the fast multiplication rate of cotton mealybug and the large number of predators which have to be released to manage them,further detailed studies are necessary on utilizing B.pallescens to target the neonates and younger stages of the cotton mealybug in field conditions.
文摘Genetically engineered(GE)cotton,MON 88702,is protected against cer-tain sucking pests,such as plant bugs and thrips,by producing mCry51Aa2,a mod-ified protein from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt).Predatory pirate bugs(Orius spp.),natural enemies contributing to biological pest control,are also sensitive to the insecti-cidal protein when exposed continuously to high concentrations.We evaluated effects of MON 88702 on Orius majusculus when fed prey types with different mCry51Aa2 concen-trations.When neonates were provided exclusively Tetranychus urticae spider mites reared on MON 88702(high mCry51Aa2 content),adverse effects on predator survival and de-velopment were confirmed,compared with specimens fed prey from near-isogenic non-Bt cotton.When fed a mixture of T.urticae and Ephestia kuehniella eggs(mCry51Aa2-free),predator life table parameters were similar to the treatment where eggs were fed exclu-sively.When mCry51Aa2-containing spider mites were provided for a limited time at the beginning or the end of juvenile development,effects were less pronounced.While pirate bug nymphs showed similar consumption rates for prey from Bt and non-Bt cotton,choice experiments revealed a preference for E.kuehniella eggs over spider mites.Lepidopteran larvae(Spodoptera littoralis,high mCry51Aa2 content)or cotton aphids(Aphis gossypii,mCry51Aa2-free)reared on MON 88702 as alternative prey did not result in adverse ef-fects on O.majusculus.Our study suggests limited risk of mCry51Aa2-producing cotton for O.majusculus,because its sensitivity for the Bt protein is relatively low and its natural food consists of diverse prey species with varying concentrations of Bt protein.
