Parasite infections of humans and animals remain a major global health problem, with limited choice of drugs being available to the treatment of parasitosis in the clinic. Sophora moorcroftiana(S. moorcroftiana) is a ...Parasite infections of humans and animals remain a major global health problem, with limited choice of drugs being available to the treatment of parasitosis in the clinic. Sophora moorcroftiana(S. moorcroftiana) is a shrub that grows in Tibet Plateau of China. Decoction of the seeds has been used as a traditional Tibetan medicine to treat parasitosis for years. But the anti-parasitic effects of water-soluble fractions in the seeds need further investigation. In the present study, the water-soluble alkaloid fractions(E2) were obtained from S. moorcroftiana seeds by refluxing extraction with 60% ethanol and low polarity fraction(E2-a) and high polarity fraction(E2-b) were subsequently isolated from E2 using column chromatography. As a parasite model, Caenorhabditis elegans(C. elegans) were treated with different fractions and their survivals were recorded. The results showed that that E2-a induced a lower survival rate in C. elegans than E2-b and E2. The protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus(E. granulosus) were cultured in the presence of E2-a. Compared with E2-b and E2, protoscoleces exhibited decreased survival rate following E2-a treatment. Furtherly, the effects of E2-a on the behavior, brood size, and lifespan of the worms were investigated. Body bend frequencies of the worms treated with the high concentration of E2-a were reduced by two-thirds compared with the control group(P < 0.01). Compared with non-E2-a-treated group, exposure of nematodes to E2-a led to a decrease in head thrashes and pharyngeal pumps frequency(P < 0.01). E2-a treatment resulted in a significantly lower brood size(P < 0.01). Additional E2-a treatment induced a significantly shortened lifespan, compared with the control(P < 0.05). These findings indicated that water-soluble fraction E2-a from S. moorcroftiana seeds was a potential helminthic agent.展开更多
The WHO reports that billions of people and animals in tropical and subtropical regions are affected by helminthiasis as neglected tropical disease. It is predominant in underdeveloped areas;nevertheless, the increase...The WHO reports that billions of people and animals in tropical and subtropical regions are affected by helminthiasis as neglected tropical disease. It is predominant in underdeveloped areas;nevertheless, the increase in the number of travelers and migrants has made this infection more common. The current mass drug treatment produces severe side effects and many strains of helminths are resistant to them. None of the chemotherapeutic drugs meets the ideal requirements of anthelmintics, such as broad spectrum of activity, single dose cure, free from side effect and cost-effectiveness. Today, many researchers are screening the traditional herbal system in search of the anthelmintic herbal constituents which overcome all the problems of synthetic drugs. Several researchers proclaim anthelmintic activity of herbal medicines by using different experimental models. The present review demonstrates natural product drug discovery, outlining potential of herbal constituents from natural sources as natural leads against helminthiasis.展开更多
In this study,we developed a simple screening procedure for the determination of 18 anthelmintics(including benzimidazoles,macrocyclic lactones,salicylanilides,substituted phenols,tetrahydropyrimidines,and imidazothia...In this study,we developed a simple screening procedure for the determination of 18 anthelmintics(including benzimidazoles,macrocyclic lactones,salicylanilides,substituted phenols,tetrahydropyrimidines,and imidazothiazoles)in five animal-derived food matrices(chicken muscle,pork,beef,milk,and egg)using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Analytes were extracted using acetonitrile/1% acetic acid(milk and egg)and acetonitrile/1% acetic acid with 0.5 mL of distilled water(chicken muscle,pork,and beef),and purified using saturated n-hexane/acetonitrile.A reversed-phase analytical column and a mobile phase consisting of(A)10 mM ammonium formate in distilled water and(B)methanol were used to achieve optimal chromatographic separation.Matrix-matched standard calibration curves(R^(2)≥0.9752)were obtained for concentration equivalent to ×1/2,×1,×2,×3,×4,and×5 fold the maximum residue limit(MRL)stipulated by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.Recoveries of 61.2e118.4%,with relative standard deviations(RSDs)of ≤19.9%(intraday and interday),were obtained for each sample at three spiking concentrations(×1/2,×1,and ×2 the MRL values).Limits of detection,limits of quantification,and matrix effects were 0.02e5.5 mg/kg,0.06e10 mg/kg,and -98.8 to 13.9%(at 20 μg/kg),respectively.In five samples of each food matrix(chicken muscle,pork,beef,milk,and egg)purchased from large retailers in Seoul that were tested,none of the target analytes were detected.It has therefore been shown that this protocol is adaptable,accurate,and precise for the quantification of anthelmintic residues in foods of animal origin.展开更多
Helminths or Parasitic worms of humans may cause chronic and sometimes deadly diseases,considered as neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)that infect around two billion people worldwide.Plants have been used as anthelmint...Helminths or Parasitic worms of humans may cause chronic and sometimes deadly diseases,considered as neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)that infect around two billion people worldwide.Plants have been used as anthelmintics from ancient times.This review is a compilation of plants as source of anthelmintic drug.All information presented in this review article regarding the anthelmintic activities of plants from 2005 and has been acquired by approaching various electronic databases,including Scopus,Google scholar,Web of science and PubMed.Literature was surveyed for anthelmintic activity of plants which showed that secondary metabolites of plants like terpenes,glycosides,saponins,flavonoids,tannins and alkaloids were having anthelmintic activity.Since this review is a compilation of anthelmintic activity of plants from the year 2005,it will definitely be a fruitful study for researchers working in this field.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31360604)Lanzhou University Innovation and Entrepreneurship Fund for College Students(No.2015073001362)
文摘Parasite infections of humans and animals remain a major global health problem, with limited choice of drugs being available to the treatment of parasitosis in the clinic. Sophora moorcroftiana(S. moorcroftiana) is a shrub that grows in Tibet Plateau of China. Decoction of the seeds has been used as a traditional Tibetan medicine to treat parasitosis for years. But the anti-parasitic effects of water-soluble fractions in the seeds need further investigation. In the present study, the water-soluble alkaloid fractions(E2) were obtained from S. moorcroftiana seeds by refluxing extraction with 60% ethanol and low polarity fraction(E2-a) and high polarity fraction(E2-b) were subsequently isolated from E2 using column chromatography. As a parasite model, Caenorhabditis elegans(C. elegans) were treated with different fractions and their survivals were recorded. The results showed that that E2-a induced a lower survival rate in C. elegans than E2-b and E2. The protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus(E. granulosus) were cultured in the presence of E2-a. Compared with E2-b and E2, protoscoleces exhibited decreased survival rate following E2-a treatment. Furtherly, the effects of E2-a on the behavior, brood size, and lifespan of the worms were investigated. Body bend frequencies of the worms treated with the high concentration of E2-a were reduced by two-thirds compared with the control group(P < 0.01). Compared with non-E2-a-treated group, exposure of nematodes to E2-a led to a decrease in head thrashes and pharyngeal pumps frequency(P < 0.01). E2-a treatment resulted in a significantly lower brood size(P < 0.01). Additional E2-a treatment induced a significantly shortened lifespan, compared with the control(P < 0.05). These findings indicated that water-soluble fraction E2-a from S. moorcroftiana seeds was a potential helminthic agent.
文摘The WHO reports that billions of people and animals in tropical and subtropical regions are affected by helminthiasis as neglected tropical disease. It is predominant in underdeveloped areas;nevertheless, the increase in the number of travelers and migrants has made this infection more common. The current mass drug treatment produces severe side effects and many strains of helminths are resistant to them. None of the chemotherapeutic drugs meets the ideal requirements of anthelmintics, such as broad spectrum of activity, single dose cure, free from side effect and cost-effectiveness. Today, many researchers are screening the traditional herbal system in search of the anthelmintic herbal constituents which overcome all the problems of synthetic drugs. Several researchers proclaim anthelmintic activity of herbal medicines by using different experimental models. The present review demonstrates natural product drug discovery, outlining potential of herbal constituents from natural sources as natural leads against helminthiasis.
基金supported by a grant(18162MFDS523)from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety Administration in 2019.
文摘In this study,we developed a simple screening procedure for the determination of 18 anthelmintics(including benzimidazoles,macrocyclic lactones,salicylanilides,substituted phenols,tetrahydropyrimidines,and imidazothiazoles)in five animal-derived food matrices(chicken muscle,pork,beef,milk,and egg)using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Analytes were extracted using acetonitrile/1% acetic acid(milk and egg)and acetonitrile/1% acetic acid with 0.5 mL of distilled water(chicken muscle,pork,and beef),and purified using saturated n-hexane/acetonitrile.A reversed-phase analytical column and a mobile phase consisting of(A)10 mM ammonium formate in distilled water and(B)methanol were used to achieve optimal chromatographic separation.Matrix-matched standard calibration curves(R^(2)≥0.9752)were obtained for concentration equivalent to ×1/2,×1,×2,×3,×4,and×5 fold the maximum residue limit(MRL)stipulated by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.Recoveries of 61.2e118.4%,with relative standard deviations(RSDs)of ≤19.9%(intraday and interday),were obtained for each sample at three spiking concentrations(×1/2,×1,and ×2 the MRL values).Limits of detection,limits of quantification,and matrix effects were 0.02e5.5 mg/kg,0.06e10 mg/kg,and -98.8 to 13.9%(at 20 μg/kg),respectively.In five samples of each food matrix(chicken muscle,pork,beef,milk,and egg)purchased from large retailers in Seoul that were tested,none of the target analytes were detected.It has therefore been shown that this protocol is adaptable,accurate,and precise for the quantification of anthelmintic residues in foods of animal origin.
文摘Helminths or Parasitic worms of humans may cause chronic and sometimes deadly diseases,considered as neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)that infect around two billion people worldwide.Plants have been used as anthelmintics from ancient times.This review is a compilation of plants as source of anthelmintic drug.All information presented in this review article regarding the anthelmintic activities of plants from 2005 and has been acquired by approaching various electronic databases,including Scopus,Google scholar,Web of science and PubMed.Literature was surveyed for anthelmintic activity of plants which showed that secondary metabolites of plants like terpenes,glycosides,saponins,flavonoids,tannins and alkaloids were having anthelmintic activity.Since this review is a compilation of anthelmintic activity of plants from the year 2005,it will definitely be a fruitful study for researchers working in this field.
