探明南极冰盖物质平衡状况,对研究全球变暖背景下海平面变化具有重要意义,也是南极冰川学的重要基础工作.在ITASE计划(International Trans Antarctic Scientific Expedition)和ISMASS计划(Ice Sheet MassBalance and Sea Level)的指导...探明南极冰盖物质平衡状况,对研究全球变暖背景下海平面变化具有重要意义,也是南极冰川学的重要基础工作.在ITASE计划(International Trans Antarctic Scientific Expedition)和ISMASS计划(Ice Sheet MassBalance and Sea Level)的指导下,各国科学家对南极几个主要流域进行了大范围的实地观测,获取了一些重要成果.此外,由于极地测高卫星和重力卫星的应用,南极冰盖整体物质平衡状况评估在近期得到长足发展.无论是实地研究还是卫星遥感,都有其局限性,两者结合可以弥补各自的缺陷,是未来研究的主要发展方向,但目前仍未引起足够的重视.因此,本文综述了南极冰盖物质平衡研究的最新研究进展,将有关研究分局域和洲际尺度进行了介绍,并对国内的研究提出建议.展开更多
Chinese radioglaciological studies on the Antarctic ice sheet(AIS) began in 2004/05 when the 21 st Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE 21) team arrived at Dome A for the first time and radio echo so...Chinese radioglaciological studies on the Antarctic ice sheet(AIS) began in 2004/05 when the 21 st Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE 21) team arrived at Dome A for the first time and radio echo sounding(RES) was conducted along the inland traverse and in the Dome A region. Subsequently, more field surveys were conducted along the traverse and in the Dome A region using different radar systems targeting different scientific purposes, such as revealing the landscape of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains by detailed grid RES, or locating a deep ice core drilling site by mapping and studying internal structures, bedrock topography and subglacial conditions in the Dome A region. Furthermore, the evolution of the AIS was inferred from the typical mountain glaciation topography beneath Dome A, and the age of the deep ice core at Kunlun Station was estimated through numerical modeling. Recently, the Snow Eagle 601 airplane was acquired and an airborne geophysical system was constructed to survey the AIS in Princess Elizabeth Land during CHINARE 32(2015/16) and CHINARE 33(2016/17) in order to fill the large data gap there. In this paper, we review both the recent progress of Chinese radioglaciological science in Antarctica and future proposed work.展开更多
A vertical one-dimensional numerical model for heat transferring within the near-surface snow layer of the Antarctic Ice Sheet was developed based on simplified parameterizations of associated physical processes for t...A vertical one-dimensional numerical model for heat transferring within the near-surface snow layer of the Antarctic Ice Sheet was developed based on simplified parameterizations of associated physical processes for the atmosphere, radiation, and snow/ice systems. Using the meteorological data of an automatic weather station (AWS) at Dome A (80°22′S, 70°22′E), we applied the model to simulate the seasonal temperature variation within a depth of 20 m. Comparison of modeled results with observed snow temperatures at 4 measurement depths (0.1, 1, 3, 10 m) shows good agreement and consistent seasonal variations. The model results reveal the vertical temperature structure within the near-surface snow layer and its seasonal variance with more details than those by limited measurements. Analyses on the model outputs of the surface energy fluxes show that: 1) the surface energy balance at Dome A is characterized by the compensation between negative net radiation and the positive sensible fluxes, and 2) the sensible heat is on average transported from the atmosphere to the snow, and has an evident increase in spring. The results are considered well representative for the highest interior Antarctic Plateau.展开更多
文摘探明南极冰盖物质平衡状况,对研究全球变暖背景下海平面变化具有重要意义,也是南极冰川学的重要基础工作.在ITASE计划(International Trans Antarctic Scientific Expedition)和ISMASS计划(Ice Sheet MassBalance and Sea Level)的指导下,各国科学家对南极几个主要流域进行了大范围的实地观测,获取了一些重要成果.此外,由于极地测高卫星和重力卫星的应用,南极冰盖整体物质平衡状况评估在近期得到长足发展.无论是实地研究还是卫星遥感,都有其局限性,两者结合可以弥补各自的缺陷,是未来研究的主要发展方向,但目前仍未引起足够的重视.因此,本文综述了南极冰盖物质平衡研究的最新研究进展,将有关研究分局域和洲际尺度进行了介绍,并对国内的研究提出建议.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant nos. 41776186, 41730102 and 41571407)the Chinese Polar Environmental Comprehensive Investigation and Assessment Programs (Grant no. CHINARE-02-02)
文摘Chinese radioglaciological studies on the Antarctic ice sheet(AIS) began in 2004/05 when the 21 st Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition(CHINARE 21) team arrived at Dome A for the first time and radio echo sounding(RES) was conducted along the inland traverse and in the Dome A region. Subsequently, more field surveys were conducted along the traverse and in the Dome A region using different radar systems targeting different scientific purposes, such as revealing the landscape of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains by detailed grid RES, or locating a deep ice core drilling site by mapping and studying internal structures, bedrock topography and subglacial conditions in the Dome A region. Furthermore, the evolution of the AIS was inferred from the typical mountain glaciation topography beneath Dome A, and the age of the deep ice core at Kunlun Station was estimated through numerical modeling. Recently, the Snow Eagle 601 airplane was acquired and an airborne geophysical system was constructed to survey the AIS in Princess Elizabeth Land during CHINARE 32(2015/16) and CHINARE 33(2016/17) in order to fill the large data gap there. In this paper, we review both the recent progress of Chinese radioglaciological science in Antarctica and future proposed work.
基金supported by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program of China (Grant No. 2006BAC06B05)the Treasury Special Program of China (Grant No. GYHY200706005)+1 种基金National Natural Sciecne Foundation of China (Grant No. 40921003)the International S & T Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2009DFA21430)
文摘A vertical one-dimensional numerical model for heat transferring within the near-surface snow layer of the Antarctic Ice Sheet was developed based on simplified parameterizations of associated physical processes for the atmosphere, radiation, and snow/ice systems. Using the meteorological data of an automatic weather station (AWS) at Dome A (80°22′S, 70°22′E), we applied the model to simulate the seasonal temperature variation within a depth of 20 m. Comparison of modeled results with observed snow temperatures at 4 measurement depths (0.1, 1, 3, 10 m) shows good agreement and consistent seasonal variations. The model results reveal the vertical temperature structure within the near-surface snow layer and its seasonal variance with more details than those by limited measurements. Analyses on the model outputs of the surface energy fluxes show that: 1) the surface energy balance at Dome A is characterized by the compensation between negative net radiation and the positive sensible fluxes, and 2) the sensible heat is on average transported from the atmosphere to the snow, and has an evident increase in spring. The results are considered well representative for the highest interior Antarctic Plateau.
