Obesity is recognized as the second highest risk factor for cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying tobaccorelated cancers are well characterized and efective programs have led to a decline in smoking and related...Obesity is recognized as the second highest risk factor for cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying tobaccorelated cancers are well characterized and efective programs have led to a decline in smoking and related cancers, but there is a global epidemic of obesity without a clear understanding of how obesity causes cancer. Obesity is heterogeneous, and approximately 25% of obese individuals remain healthy(metabolically healthy obese, MHO), so which fat deposition(subcutaneous versus visceral, adipose versus ectopic) is "malignant"? What is the mechanism of carcinogenesis? Is it by metabolic dysregulation or chronic inflammation? Through which chemokines/genes/signaling pathways does adipose tissue influence carcinogenesis? Can selective inhibition of these pathways uncouple obesity from cancers? Do all obesity related cancers(ORCs) share a molecular signature? Are there common(overlapping) genetic loci that make individuals susceptible to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancers? Can we identify precursor lesions of ORCs and will early intervention of high risk individuals alter the natural history? It appears unlikely that the obesity epidemic will be controlled anytime soon; answers to these questions will help to reduce the adverse efect of obesity on human condition.展开更多
Fatigue is a common sense caused by crushing labor, stressful social events and various illnesses. It is usually judged by their subjective symptoms, but it should be evaluated in an objective perspective. Here we sho...Fatigue is a common sense caused by crushing labor, stressful social events and various illnesses. It is usually judged by their subjective symptoms, but it should be evaluated in an objective perspective. Here we show that the decrease of working efficiency and sympathetic hyperactivity are associated with mental fatigue state caused by prolonged mental workload. Recently we made a new mental fatigue model of healthy volunteers caused by long-term computerized Kraepelin test (CKT) workload. CKT is our new software for automatically checking the calculation capability, with which it is easy to determine the reaction time (RT), coefficient of variance of reaction time (CV), and accuracy of the answers (AC) during tasks. We put 24 healthy volunteers into the fatigue state by subjecting them to 120 minutes’ CKT workload, and then studied the changes in fatigue sensation, RT, CV, and AC before and after the CKT workload. The fatigue sensation, RT, and CV were clearly increased by the fatigue-inducing task and recovered during the resting period. We also studied the changes in autonomic nerve activity by using heart rate variability analysis. The low/high frequency component ratio (LF/HF) was signifi-cantly increased by the fatigue-inducing task and decreased by resting, suggesting that mental stress causes a relatively sympathetic nerve activity-dominant state. Therefore, our new fatigue model involving a long-term CKT workload is a good mental fatigue model to provide much information about the fatigue state simultane-ously, and the increase of RT, CV, and proportion of sympathetic activity (LF/HF) are associated with mental fatigue state. These might be useful objective biomarkers or evaluating a mental fatigue state.展开更多
College classes are becoming increasingly large.A critical component in scaling class size is the collaboration and interactions among instructors,teaching assistants,and students.We develop a prototype of an intellig...College classes are becoming increasingly large.A critical component in scaling class size is the collaboration and interactions among instructors,teaching assistants,and students.We develop a prototype of an intelligent voice instructorassistant system for supporting large classes,in which Amazon Web Services,Alexa Voice Services,and self-developed services are used.It uses a scraping service for reading the questions and answers from the past and current course discussion boards,organizes the questions in JavaScript object notation format,and stores them in the database,which can be accessed by Amazon web services Alexa skills.When a voice question from a student comes,Alexa is used for translating the voice sentence into texts.Then,Siamese deep long short-term memory model is introduced to calculate the similarity between the question asked and the questions in the database to find the best-matched answer.Questions with no match will be sent to the instructor,and instructor’s answer will be added into the database.Experiments show that the implemented model achieves promising results that can lead to a practical system.Intelligent voice instructor-assistant system starts with a small set of questions.It can grow through learning and improving when more and more questions are asked and answered.展开更多
"答案之书"的源头英文原版书The Book Of Answers极富编撰、选题创意,为读者创造了独一无二的互动阅读体验。著名电视综艺节目的推介为此类图书在国内的畅销提供了契机。国内编辑出版人在内容的编辑加工上做了必要的本土化转..."答案之书"的源头英文原版书The Book Of Answers极富编撰、选题创意,为读者创造了独一无二的互动阅读体验。著名电视综艺节目的推介为此类图书在国内的畅销提供了契机。国内编辑出版人在内容的编辑加工上做了必要的本土化转换与改造。"答案之书"在装帧设计和营销方面也都富有创意。创意,是图书畅销的基石,是编辑出版人最永恒的价值。展开更多
文摘Obesity is recognized as the second highest risk factor for cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying tobaccorelated cancers are well characterized and efective programs have led to a decline in smoking and related cancers, but there is a global epidemic of obesity without a clear understanding of how obesity causes cancer. Obesity is heterogeneous, and approximately 25% of obese individuals remain healthy(metabolically healthy obese, MHO), so which fat deposition(subcutaneous versus visceral, adipose versus ectopic) is "malignant"? What is the mechanism of carcinogenesis? Is it by metabolic dysregulation or chronic inflammation? Through which chemokines/genes/signaling pathways does adipose tissue influence carcinogenesis? Can selective inhibition of these pathways uncouple obesity from cancers? Do all obesity related cancers(ORCs) share a molecular signature? Are there common(overlapping) genetic loci that make individuals susceptible to obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancers? Can we identify precursor lesions of ORCs and will early intervention of high risk individuals alter the natural history? It appears unlikely that the obesity epidemic will be controlled anytime soon; answers to these questions will help to reduce the adverse efect of obesity on human condition.
文摘Fatigue is a common sense caused by crushing labor, stressful social events and various illnesses. It is usually judged by their subjective symptoms, but it should be evaluated in an objective perspective. Here we show that the decrease of working efficiency and sympathetic hyperactivity are associated with mental fatigue state caused by prolonged mental workload. Recently we made a new mental fatigue model of healthy volunteers caused by long-term computerized Kraepelin test (CKT) workload. CKT is our new software for automatically checking the calculation capability, with which it is easy to determine the reaction time (RT), coefficient of variance of reaction time (CV), and accuracy of the answers (AC) during tasks. We put 24 healthy volunteers into the fatigue state by subjecting them to 120 minutes’ CKT workload, and then studied the changes in fatigue sensation, RT, CV, and AC before and after the CKT workload. The fatigue sensation, RT, and CV were clearly increased by the fatigue-inducing task and recovered during the resting period. We also studied the changes in autonomic nerve activity by using heart rate variability analysis. The low/high frequency component ratio (LF/HF) was signifi-cantly increased by the fatigue-inducing task and decreased by resting, suggesting that mental stress causes a relatively sympathetic nerve activity-dominant state. Therefore, our new fatigue model involving a long-term CKT workload is a good mental fatigue model to provide much information about the fatigue state simultane-ously, and the increase of RT, CV, and proportion of sympathetic activity (LF/HF) are associated with mental fatigue state. These might be useful objective biomarkers or evaluating a mental fatigue state.
基金The authors wish to thank their colleagues and students who were involved in this study and provided valuable implementation and technical support.The research is partly supported by general funding at IoT and Robotics Education Lab and FURI program at Arizona State University and is partly supported by China Scholarship Council,Guangdong Science and Technology Department,under Grant Number 2016A010101020,2016A010101021,and 2016A010101022Guangzhou Science and Information Bureau under Grant Number 201802010033.
文摘College classes are becoming increasingly large.A critical component in scaling class size is the collaboration and interactions among instructors,teaching assistants,and students.We develop a prototype of an intelligent voice instructorassistant system for supporting large classes,in which Amazon Web Services,Alexa Voice Services,and self-developed services are used.It uses a scraping service for reading the questions and answers from the past and current course discussion boards,organizes the questions in JavaScript object notation format,and stores them in the database,which can be accessed by Amazon web services Alexa skills.When a voice question from a student comes,Alexa is used for translating the voice sentence into texts.Then,Siamese deep long short-term memory model is introduced to calculate the similarity between the question asked and the questions in the database to find the best-matched answer.Questions with no match will be sent to the instructor,and instructor’s answer will be added into the database.Experiments show that the implemented model achieves promising results that can lead to a practical system.Intelligent voice instructor-assistant system starts with a small set of questions.It can grow through learning and improving when more and more questions are asked and answered.
文摘"答案之书"的源头英文原版书The Book Of Answers极富编撰、选题创意,为读者创造了独一无二的互动阅读体验。著名电视综艺节目的推介为此类图书在国内的畅销提供了契机。国内编辑出版人在内容的编辑加工上做了必要的本土化转换与改造。"答案之书"在装帧设计和营销方面也都富有创意。创意,是图书畅销的基石,是编辑出版人最永恒的价值。
