With the development of the society,the function of the building also becomes rich from single refuge,and modern architects can’t satisfy the pursuit of traditional architectural form,and design goal is transformed i...With the development of the society,the function of the building also becomes rich from single refuge,and modern architects can’t satisfy the pursuit of traditional architectural form,and design goal is transformed into emphasizing the dialogue between architecture and people,architecture and emotions,and architecture and environment.As a kind of new building materials,fair-faced concrete expresses almost any emotion and meets people’s emotional needs with its excellent structural performance and good plasticity.In this paper,the characteristics,expressive force and application of fair-faced concrete are studied and analyzed,and the application and development prospect of fair-faced concrete in architectural design are summarized.展开更多
The people of the Tibetan Plateau have received extensive attention from scholars because of their unique adaptability to the low temperature and anoxic environments. However, the Tibetan communities and their habitat...The people of the Tibetan Plateau have received extensive attention from scholars because of their unique adaptability to the low temperature and anoxic environments. However, the Tibetan communities and their habitats in the low-altitude regions of the plateau have rarely been studied in a scientific manner. Based on the extraction of geographic information of 197 towns in the Hehuang Valley and on variance analysis, this study examines the habitats and subsistence strategies of the Tibetans and other major ethnic groups in the low-latitude region of the Tibetan Plateau. Our statistical results show that the annual average temperature of Tibetan habitats in the Hehuang Valley is relatively high. The relatively warm environment of the valley allows the Tibetans in that area to cultivate wheat and barley and raise cattle and sheep—a subsistence strategy significantly different from that of other Tibetans in the high-altitude regions in the Tibetan Plateau. In addition, the Tibetan communities in the Hehuang Valley include similar agri-pastoral ethnic groups (including Hui and Salar), both of which adopt similar subsistence strategies. The agricultural ethnic groups (Han and Tu) live in a relatively cool and humid environment facilitating agricultural production, while the agri-pastoral ethnic groups (Tibetan, Hui, and Salar) inhabit relatively warm and arid environment in the valley. Due to the lack of agricultural activities, agri-pastoral groups must also engage in animal husbandry to supplement their diet. In the Ando Tibetan region, the subsistence strategies of the ethnic groups are closely related to their physical environment.Those ethnic groups communicate among themselves, integrate, and influence each other, resulting in a diversified culture. This study proves that the habitat variation at a regional scale corresponds significantly to the variation of subsistence strategies. Our findings may further refine knowledge about the human-environmental relationships of Tibetans and lead future research towar展开更多
利用Ando催化剂合成了2-硝基噻吩乙烯。其优化条件是:催化剂的负载量为每30 g Al2O3负载15 g KF,催化剂与2-噻吩甲醛的质量比为4.80∶1,硝基甲烷与2-噻吩甲醛质量比为1.09∶1,采用甲醇作催化剂的溶剂,反应温度控制在0-5℃之间。反应时间...利用Ando催化剂合成了2-硝基噻吩乙烯。其优化条件是:催化剂的负载量为每30 g Al2O3负载15 g KF,催化剂与2-噻吩甲醛的质量比为4.80∶1,硝基甲烷与2-噻吩甲醛质量比为1.09∶1,采用甲醇作催化剂的溶剂,反应温度控制在0-5℃之间。反应时间1.4 h,产率可达95.91%。展开更多
文摘With the development of the society,the function of the building also becomes rich from single refuge,and modern architects can’t satisfy the pursuit of traditional architectural form,and design goal is transformed into emphasizing the dialogue between architecture and people,architecture and emotions,and architecture and environment.As a kind of new building materials,fair-faced concrete expresses almost any emotion and meets people’s emotional needs with its excellent structural performance and good plasticity.In this paper,the characteristics,expressive force and application of fair-faced concrete are studied and analyzed,and the application and development prospect of fair-faced concrete in architectural design are summarized.
基金supported by the State Key R & D Project of China (Grant No. 2016YFA0600503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41771223)+3 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2016M601769)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 020914380027)Sino-British Fellowship Trust, Hui Oi-Chow Trust Fund (Grant No. 201602172006)Research Grants Council of The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (Grant No. HKU745113H)
文摘The people of the Tibetan Plateau have received extensive attention from scholars because of their unique adaptability to the low temperature and anoxic environments. However, the Tibetan communities and their habitats in the low-altitude regions of the plateau have rarely been studied in a scientific manner. Based on the extraction of geographic information of 197 towns in the Hehuang Valley and on variance analysis, this study examines the habitats and subsistence strategies of the Tibetans and other major ethnic groups in the low-latitude region of the Tibetan Plateau. Our statistical results show that the annual average temperature of Tibetan habitats in the Hehuang Valley is relatively high. The relatively warm environment of the valley allows the Tibetans in that area to cultivate wheat and barley and raise cattle and sheep—a subsistence strategy significantly different from that of other Tibetans in the high-altitude regions in the Tibetan Plateau. In addition, the Tibetan communities in the Hehuang Valley include similar agri-pastoral ethnic groups (including Hui and Salar), both of which adopt similar subsistence strategies. The agricultural ethnic groups (Han and Tu) live in a relatively cool and humid environment facilitating agricultural production, while the agri-pastoral ethnic groups (Tibetan, Hui, and Salar) inhabit relatively warm and arid environment in the valley. Due to the lack of agricultural activities, agri-pastoral groups must also engage in animal husbandry to supplement their diet. In the Ando Tibetan region, the subsistence strategies of the ethnic groups are closely related to their physical environment.Those ethnic groups communicate among themselves, integrate, and influence each other, resulting in a diversified culture. This study proves that the habitat variation at a regional scale corresponds significantly to the variation of subsistence strategies. Our findings may further refine knowledge about the human-environmental relationships of Tibetans and lead future research towar
