Moose （Alces alces cameloides） is typically representative of the fauna of the frigid temperate zone and has been put on the Chinese second priority list of protected animals. The moose of northeast China is on the ...Moose （Alces alces cameloides） is typically representative of the fauna of the frigid temperate zone and has been put on the Chinese second priority list of protected animals. The moose of northeast China is on the southern most edge of its distribution in Asia. To study resource selection characteristics of moose and their response to human distur- bances and forest resource variables, the field work was conducted in Heilongiiang Provincial Shengshan Forestry Farm, which is located in the northwestern slope of Lesser Khingan Mountains, northeastern China, from January to March in both 2006 and 2007. A total of 428 plots were examined within the study area. Signs of moose use were found in 19 plots. Based on the analysis of resource selection function, we found that moose selected areas with higher densities of mixed deciduous broadleaf patch and mixed coniferous and broad leaf patch, and a higher NDVI value. Moose avoided settlement 6 km away and remained low probability of occurrence within 3 km from roads,展开更多
Populations inhabiting the bioclimatic edges of a species＇ geographic range face an increasing amount of stress from alterations to their environment associated with climate change. Moose Alces alces are large-bodied...Populations inhabiting the bioclimatic edges of a species＇ geographic range face an increasing amount of stress from alterations to their environment associated with climate change. Moose Alces alces are large-bodied ungulates that are sensitive to heat stress and have exhibited population declines and range contractions along their southern geographic extent. Using a hidden Markov model to analyze movement and accelerometer data, we assigned behaviors （rest, forage, or travel） to all locations of global positioning system-collared moose （n = 13, moose-years = 19） living near the southern edge of the species＇ range in and around Voyageurs National Park, MN, USA. We assessed how moose behavior changed relative to weather, landscape, and the presence of predators. Moose sig- nificantly reduced travel and increased resting behaviors at ambient temperatures as low as 15~C and 24~C during the spring and summer, respectively. In general, moose behavior changed season- ally in association with distance to lakes and ponds. Moose used wetlands for travel throughout the year, rested in conifer forests, and foraged in shrublands. The influence of wolves Canis lupus varied among individual moose and season, but the largest influence was a reduction in travel during spring when near a wolf home range core, primarily by pregnant females. Our analysis goes beyond habitat selection to capture how moose alter their activities based on their environment. Our findings, along with climate change forecasts, suggest that moose in this area will be required to further alter their activity patterns and space use in order to find sufficient forage and avoid heat stress.展开更多
火对森林生态系统中大型食草动物的生境利用和种间相互作用的驱动,可能受到时空尺度变化和火干扰后植被群落演替的影响。为了揭示火干扰对同域鹿科动物的生境利用与种间互作的影响,于2018—2022年在大兴安岭汗马国家级自然保护区火干扰...火对森林生态系统中大型食草动物的生境利用和种间相互作用的驱动,可能受到时空尺度变化和火干扰后植被群落演替的影响。为了揭示火干扰对同域鹿科动物的生境利用与种间互作的影响,于2018—2022年在大兴安岭汗马国家级自然保护区火干扰区与非火干扰区域,通过网格化布设的红外相机收集狍和驼鹿活动情况,通过随机相遇停留时间模型(Random Encounter and Staying Time REST)分析火干扰与非火干扰区狍和驼鹿的种群密度的差异;基于单变量最优尺度选择与线性混合效应模型(Linear Mixed Effects Model LMM)分析狍和驼鹿生境选择策略,并运用Levins生态位重叠指数评估火干扰在时间尺度上对狍和驼鹿种间的生态位的影响。结果表明,狍与驼鹿的生境利用存在一定的差异,狍主要利用低海拔、缓坡的白桦林区域,而驼鹿主要利用靠近河流区域,但距火干扰区的距离是狍与驼鹿生境利用差异的重要因素;在火干扰区内,演替时间对狍没有明显影响,而驼鹿则偏爱火干扰后的区域,但随着距火干扰时间间隔的延长,植被演替的进行,狍和驼鹿的种间生态位重叠逐渐降低,生态位重叠指数趋于稳定,在火干扰区域中,驼鹿的空间生态位宽度显著低于狍,物种间的生态位分化更明显。火干扰会在一定程度上影响狍与驼鹿的种间竞争,进而保证它们的稳定共存,该结果将为未来开展野生有蹄类生境的林火管理与保护工作提供依据。展开更多
基金financially supported by National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China-FANEDD(No.201069)""Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University–NCET(No.10-0310)""the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DL12DA01)
文摘Moose （Alces alces cameloides） is typically representative of the fauna of the frigid temperate zone and has been put on the Chinese second priority list of protected animals. The moose of northeast China is on the southern most edge of its distribution in Asia. To study resource selection characteristics of moose and their response to human distur- bances and forest resource variables, the field work was conducted in Heilongiiang Provincial Shengshan Forestry Farm, which is located in the northwestern slope of Lesser Khingan Mountains, northeastern China, from January to March in both 2006 and 2007. A total of 428 plots were examined within the study area. Signs of moose use were found in 19 plots. Based on the analysis of resource selection function, we found that moose selected areas with higher densities of mixed deciduous broadleaf patch and mixed coniferous and broad leaf patch, and a higher NDVI value. Moose avoided settlement 6 km away and remained low probability of occurrence within 3 km from roads,
文摘Populations inhabiting the bioclimatic edges of a species＇ geographic range face an increasing amount of stress from alterations to their environment associated with climate change. Moose Alces alces are large-bodied ungulates that are sensitive to heat stress and have exhibited population declines and range contractions along their southern geographic extent. Using a hidden Markov model to analyze movement and accelerometer data, we assigned behaviors （rest, forage, or travel） to all locations of global positioning system-collared moose （n = 13, moose-years = 19） living near the southern edge of the species＇ range in and around Voyageurs National Park, MN, USA. We assessed how moose behavior changed relative to weather, landscape, and the presence of predators. Moose sig- nificantly reduced travel and increased resting behaviors at ambient temperatures as low as 15~C and 24~C during the spring and summer, respectively. In general, moose behavior changed season- ally in association with distance to lakes and ponds. Moose used wetlands for travel throughout the year, rested in conifer forests, and foraged in shrublands. The influence of wolves Canis lupus varied among individual moose and season, but the largest influence was a reduction in travel during spring when near a wolf home range core, primarily by pregnant females. Our analysis goes beyond habitat selection to capture how moose alter their activities based on their environment. Our findings, along with climate change forecasts, suggest that moose in this area will be required to further alter their activity patterns and space use in order to find sufficient forage and avoid heat stress.
文摘火对森林生态系统中大型食草动物的生境利用和种间相互作用的驱动,可能受到时空尺度变化和火干扰后植被群落演替的影响。为了揭示火干扰对同域鹿科动物的生境利用与种间互作的影响,于2018—2022年在大兴安岭汗马国家级自然保护区火干扰区与非火干扰区域,通过网格化布设的红外相机收集狍和驼鹿活动情况,通过随机相遇停留时间模型(Random Encounter and Staying Time REST)分析火干扰与非火干扰区狍和驼鹿的种群密度的差异;基于单变量最优尺度选择与线性混合效应模型(Linear Mixed Effects Model LMM)分析狍和驼鹿生境选择策略,并运用Levins生态位重叠指数评估火干扰在时间尺度上对狍和驼鹿种间的生态位的影响。结果表明,狍与驼鹿的生境利用存在一定的差异,狍主要利用低海拔、缓坡的白桦林区域,而驼鹿主要利用靠近河流区域,但距火干扰区的距离是狍与驼鹿生境利用差异的重要因素;在火干扰区内,演替时间对狍没有明显影响,而驼鹿则偏爱火干扰后的区域,但随着距火干扰时间间隔的延长,植被演替的进行,狍和驼鹿的种间生态位重叠逐渐降低,生态位重叠指数趋于稳定,在火干扰区域中,驼鹿的空间生态位宽度显著低于狍,物种间的生态位分化更明显。火干扰会在一定程度上影响狍与驼鹿的种间竞争,进而保证它们的稳定共存,该结果将为未来开展野生有蹄类生境的林火管理与保护工作提供依据。
