INTRODUCTION Congenital vascular rings （VRs） are a group of rare cardiovascular anomalies that result from abnormal embryonic development of the paired aortic arches or branching pulmonary arteries. Clinical present...INTRODUCTION Congenital vascular rings （VRs） are a group of rare cardiovascular anomalies that result from abnormal embryonic development of the paired aortic arches or branching pulmonary arteries. Clinical presentation of VR depends on its anatomy, degree, and site of compression.展开更多
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterize the neurotransmitter systems that cause constriction of murine airways.METHODS Murine precision cut lung slices(PCLS)and trachea were prepared,placed into perf...OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterize the neurotransmitter systems that cause constriction of murine airways.METHODS Murine precision cut lung slices(PCLS)and trachea were prepared,placed into perfusion chambers equipped with platinum electrodes and stimulated transmurally(1.0 ms,50 V,0.1-30 Hz).To measure PCLS constriction,changes in airway luminal area in response to electric field stimulation(EFS)were captured as video images quantified using Image J software.For trachea,changes in isometric tension were recorded using Grass force transducers.Frequency response curves were generated in the absence and the presence of the inhibitors magnesium,atropine and capsaicin and responses analyzed and compared using a student's t-test(P<0.05).RESULTS EFS caused airway constriction in a frequency-dependent manner that was best fit by a biphasic curve.Neuron-specific stimulation was verified by Mg^(2+) blockade.Maximum airway constriction to 30 Hz EFS in PCLS was(51.8±3.0)%while tracheal constriction averaged(551±80)mg.Interestingly,in PCLS the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine(10μmol·L^(-1))blocked(99.5±7.2)%of EFS induced constriction at 1 Hz,but only blocked(23.3±3.8)%of EFS induced constriction at 30 Hz and eliminated the first phase but not the second phase of the biphasic EFS response.Treatment with capsaicin to deplete sensory neurotransmitters significantly increased EFS constriction supporting the presence of sensory neurotransmitter systems in airways.CONCLUSION These data are consistent with parasympathetic constriction of airways by acetylcholine at lower EFS frequencies while higher frequencies release sensory dilator neurotransmitters.These data provide evidence for multiple nerve types innervating airways which may provide novel targets for treatment of lung disease.展开更多
目的:通过锥体束CT研究上颌反复扩缩合并前方牵引对上气道不同部位的影响。方法:纳入安氏Ⅲ类9~12岁患者20例,在治疗前及上颌反复扩缩合并前方牵引后拍摄锥体束CT,使用Dolphin软件三维重建后测量上气道总体积、鼻咽、腭咽、舌咽、喉咽...目的:通过锥体束CT研究上颌反复扩缩合并前方牵引对上气道不同部位的影响。方法:纳入安氏Ⅲ类9~12岁患者20例,在治疗前及上颌反复扩缩合并前方牵引后拍摄锥体束CT,使用Dolphin软件三维重建后测量上气道总体积、鼻咽、腭咽、舌咽、喉咽各部分容积、分界面的截面积、最小横截面积等指标,使用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析。结果:上颌反复扩缩合并前方牵引治疗后上气道总容积、鼻咽容积、腭咽容积分别平均增加1385.39 mm 3(P=0.013)、546.74 mm 3(P=0.011)、768.03 mm 3(P=0.035);鼻咽和腭咽分界面面积增加73.79 mm 2(P=0.002)、横径增加1.41 mm(P=0.037)、矢状径增加1.52 mm(P=0.022);而舌咽、喉咽的容积、最小横截面积、分界面面积和分界面的横径、矢状径变化均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:上颌反复扩缩合并前方牵引治疗可显著增大鼻咽、腭咽容积,对气道舌咽和喉咽段无明显影响。展开更多
文摘INTRODUCTION Congenital vascular rings （VRs） are a group of rare cardiovascular anomalies that result from abnormal embryonic development of the paired aortic arches or branching pulmonary arteries. Clinical presentation of VR depends on its anatomy, degree, and site of compression.
文摘OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to characterize the neurotransmitter systems that cause constriction of murine airways.METHODS Murine precision cut lung slices(PCLS)and trachea were prepared,placed into perfusion chambers equipped with platinum electrodes and stimulated transmurally(1.0 ms,50 V,0.1-30 Hz).To measure PCLS constriction,changes in airway luminal area in response to electric field stimulation(EFS)were captured as video images quantified using Image J software.For trachea,changes in isometric tension were recorded using Grass force transducers.Frequency response curves were generated in the absence and the presence of the inhibitors magnesium,atropine and capsaicin and responses analyzed and compared using a student's t-test(P<0.05).RESULTS EFS caused airway constriction in a frequency-dependent manner that was best fit by a biphasic curve.Neuron-specific stimulation was verified by Mg^(2+) blockade.Maximum airway constriction to 30 Hz EFS in PCLS was(51.8±3.0)%while tracheal constriction averaged(551±80)mg.Interestingly,in PCLS the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine(10μmol·L^(-1))blocked(99.5±7.2)%of EFS induced constriction at 1 Hz,but only blocked(23.3±3.8)%of EFS induced constriction at 30 Hz and eliminated the first phase but not the second phase of the biphasic EFS response.Treatment with capsaicin to deplete sensory neurotransmitters significantly increased EFS constriction supporting the presence of sensory neurotransmitter systems in airways.CONCLUSION These data are consistent with parasympathetic constriction of airways by acetylcholine at lower EFS frequencies while higher frequencies release sensory dilator neurotransmitters.These data provide evidence for multiple nerve types innervating airways which may provide novel targets for treatment of lung disease.
文摘目的:通过锥体束CT研究上颌反复扩缩合并前方牵引对上气道不同部位的影响。方法:纳入安氏Ⅲ类9~12岁患者20例,在治疗前及上颌反复扩缩合并前方牵引后拍摄锥体束CT,使用Dolphin软件三维重建后测量上气道总体积、鼻咽、腭咽、舌咽、喉咽各部分容积、分界面的截面积、最小横截面积等指标,使用SPSS 26.0软件进行数据分析。结果:上颌反复扩缩合并前方牵引治疗后上气道总容积、鼻咽容积、腭咽容积分别平均增加1385.39 mm 3(P=0.013)、546.74 mm 3(P=0.011)、768.03 mm 3(P=0.035);鼻咽和腭咽分界面面积增加73.79 mm 2(P=0.002)、横径增加1.41 mm(P=0.037)、矢状径增加1.52 mm(P=0.022);而舌咽、喉咽的容积、最小横截面积、分界面面积和分界面的横径、矢状径变化均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:上颌反复扩缩合并前方牵引治疗可显著增大鼻咽、腭咽容积,对气道舌咽和喉咽段无明显影响。
