Inflammation may play a role in postoperative cognitive dysfunction. 5＇ Adenosine monophos- phate-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-kappa B, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-a are involved in inflamm...Inflammation may play a role in postoperative cognitive dysfunction. 5＇ Adenosine monophos- phate-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-kappa B, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-a are involved in inflammation. Therefore, these inflammatory mediators may be involved in postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Western immunoblot analysis revealed 5＇ adenosine mo- nophosphate-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B in the hippocampus of aged rats were increased 1-7 days after splenectomy. Moreover, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis fac- tor-α were upregulated and gradually decreased. Therefore, these inflammatory mediators may participate in the splenectomy model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.展开更多
The present study established a model of brain ischemia in aged rats using four-vessel occlusion.We observed hippocampal CA1 neuronal apoptosis and apoptosis-mediated protease caspase-3 expression following preconditi...The present study established a model of brain ischemia in aged rats using four-vessel occlusion.We observed hippocampal CA1 neuronal apoptosis and apoptosis-mediated protease caspase-3 expression following preconditioning of electroacupuncture at Baihui（GV 20）.Our results showed that the number of hippocampal CA1 normal neurons was decreased,and degenerated neurons were increased 12 hours to 3 days following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.The number of hippocampal CA1 apoptotic neurons and caspase-3-positive neurons in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was significantly decreased following acupuncture preconditioning.Acupuncture preconditioning protects aged rats against ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating caspase-3 protein expression.展开更多
The SARS-CoV-2-caused COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a devastating threat to human society in terms of health,economy,and lifestyle.Although the virus usually first invades and infects the lung and respiratory trac...The SARS-CoV-2-caused COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a devastating threat to human society in terms of health,economy,and lifestyle.Although the virus usually first invades and infects the lung and respiratory track tissue,in extreme cases,almost all major organs in the body are now known to be negatively impacted often leading to severe systemic failure in some people.Unfortunately,there is currently no effective treatment for this disease.Pre-existing pathological conditions or comorbidities such as age are a major reason for premature death and increased morbidity and mortality.The immobilization due to hospitalization and bed rest and the physical inactivity due to sustained quarantine and social distancing can downregulate the ability of organs systems to resist to viral infection and increase the risk of damage to the immune,respiratory,cardiovascular,musculoskeletal systems and the brain.The cellular mechanisms and danger of this“second wave”effect of COVID-19 to the human body,along with the effects of aging,proper nutrition,and regular physical activity,are reviewed in this article.展开更多
Lipids play crucial roles in cell signaling and various physiological processes, especially in the brain. Impaired lipid metabolism in the brain has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer＇s ...Lipids play crucial roles in cell signaling and various physiological processes, especially in the brain. Impaired lipid metabolism in the brain has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, and other central nervous system insults. The brain contains thousands of lipid species, but the complex lipid compositional diversity and the function of each of lipid species are currently poorly understood. This review integrates current knowledge about major lipid changes with the molecular mechanisms that underlie AD pathogenesis.展开更多
Effects of maternal dietary zinc deficiency on prenatal and postnatal brain development were investigated in ICR strain mice. From d 1 of pregnancy (E0) until postnatal d 20 (P20), maternal mice were fed experimental ...Effects of maternal dietary zinc deficiency on prenatal and postnatal brain development were investigated in ICR strain mice. From d 1 of pregnancy (E0) until postnatal d 20 (P20), maternal mice were fed experimental diets that contained 1 mg Zn/kg/day (severe zinc deficient, SZD), 5 mg Zn/kg/day (marginal zinc deficient, MZD), 30 mg Zn/kg/day (zinc adequately supplied, ZA) or 100 mg Zn/kg/day (zinc supplemented, ZS and pair-fed, PF). Brains of offspring from these dietary groups were examined at various developmental stages for expression of nestin, an intermediate filament protein found in neural stem cells and young neurons. Immunocytochemistry showed nestin expression in neural tube 10.5 d post citrus (dpc) as well as in the cerebral cortex and neural tube from 10.5 dpc to postnatal d 10 (P10). Nestin immunoreactivities in both brain and neural tube of those zinc-supplemented control groups (ZA, ZS, PF) were stronger than those in zinc-deficient groups (SZD and MZD). Western blot analysis confirmed that nestin levels in pooled brain extracts from each of the zinc-supplemented groups (ZA, ZS, PF) were much higher than those from the zinc-deficient groups (SZD and MZD) from 10.5 dpc to P10. Immunostaining and Western blots showed no detectable nestin in any of the experimental and control group brains after P20. These observations of an association between maternal zinc deficiency and decreased nestin protein levels in brains of offspring suggest that zinc deficiency suppresses development of neural stem cells, an effect which may lead to neuroanatomical and behavioral abnormalities in adults.展开更多
目的:观察中药天年饮(Tiannianyin,TNY-traditional chinese medicine)对D-半乳糖衰老大鼠脑单胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量的影响。方法:选用成年雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为4组,每组均为10只:正常组、...目的:观察中药天年饮(Tiannianyin,TNY-traditional chinese medicine)对D-半乳糖衰老大鼠脑单胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量的影响。方法:选用成年雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为4组,每组均为10只:正常组、衰老模型组、TNY用药组、阴性对照组。D-半乳糖连续腹腔注射制作亚急性衰老的大鼠模型,采用高效液相色谱—电化学法检测各组大鼠下丘脑、海马NE、DA、5-HT的含量。结果:D-半乳糖衰老大鼠下丘脑、海马NE、DA、5-HT的含量明显降低(与正常大鼠相比P<0.01):TNY可明显提高脑单胺类神经递质的含量(用药组与模型组相比P<0.05)。结论:TNY可有效调整中枢神经递质的合成,具有良好延缓衰老的作用。展开更多
文摘Inflammation may play a role in postoperative cognitive dysfunction. 5＇ Adenosine monophos- phate-activated protein kinase, nuclear factor-kappa B, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-a are involved in inflammation. Therefore, these inflammatory mediators may be involved in postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Western immunoblot analysis revealed 5＇ adenosine mo- nophosphate-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B in the hippocampus of aged rats were increased 1-7 days after splenectomy. Moreover, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis fac- tor-α were upregulated and gradually decreased. Therefore, these inflammatory mediators may participate in the splenectomy model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.
基金the Science and Technology Bureau of South District of Qingdao, No. 2008041
文摘The present study established a model of brain ischemia in aged rats using four-vessel occlusion.We observed hippocampal CA1 neuronal apoptosis and apoptosis-mediated protease caspase-3 expression following preconditioning of electroacupuncture at Baihui（GV 20）.Our results showed that the number of hippocampal CA1 normal neurons was decreased,and degenerated neurons were increased 12 hours to 3 days following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.The number of hippocampal CA1 apoptotic neurons and caspase-3-positive neurons in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury was significantly decreased following acupuncture preconditioning.Acupuncture preconditioning protects aged rats against ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating caspase-3 protein expression.
文摘The SARS-CoV-2-caused COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a devastating threat to human society in terms of health,economy,and lifestyle.Although the virus usually first invades and infects the lung and respiratory track tissue,in extreme cases,almost all major organs in the body are now known to be negatively impacted often leading to severe systemic failure in some people.Unfortunately,there is currently no effective treatment for this disease.Pre-existing pathological conditions or comorbidities such as age are a major reason for premature death and increased morbidity and mortality.The immobilization due to hospitalization and bed rest and the physical inactivity due to sustained quarantine and social distancing can downregulate the ability of organs systems to resist to viral infection and increase the risk of damage to the immune,respiratory,cardiovascular,musculoskeletal systems and the brain.The cellular mechanisms and danger of this“second wave”effect of COVID-19 to the human body,along with the effects of aging,proper nutrition,and regular physical activity,are reviewed in this article.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91332111 and 31371087)the National Basic Research Development Program of China(2014CB548100)+1 种基金the Thousand Young Talents Program(Q.Liu)start-up funds(Q.Liu)from the University of Science and Technology of China
文摘Lipids play crucial roles in cell signaling and various physiological processes, especially in the brain. Impaired lipid metabolism in the brain has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, and other central nervous system insults. The brain contains thousands of lipid species, but the complex lipid compositional diversity and the function of each of lipid species are currently poorly understood. This review integrates current knowledge about major lipid changes with the molecular mechanisms that underlie AD pathogenesis.
基金grants from National Basic Research Program (G 1999054000) andNational Natural Science FOundation of China (No.39770643, 398702
文摘Effects of maternal dietary zinc deficiency on prenatal and postnatal brain development were investigated in ICR strain mice. From d 1 of pregnancy (E0) until postnatal d 20 (P20), maternal mice were fed experimental diets that contained 1 mg Zn/kg/day (severe zinc deficient, SZD), 5 mg Zn/kg/day (marginal zinc deficient, MZD), 30 mg Zn/kg/day (zinc adequately supplied, ZA) or 100 mg Zn/kg/day (zinc supplemented, ZS and pair-fed, PF). Brains of offspring from these dietary groups were examined at various developmental stages for expression of nestin, an intermediate filament protein found in neural stem cells and young neurons. Immunocytochemistry showed nestin expression in neural tube 10.5 d post citrus (dpc) as well as in the cerebral cortex and neural tube from 10.5 dpc to postnatal d 10 (P10). Nestin immunoreactivities in both brain and neural tube of those zinc-supplemented control groups (ZA, ZS, PF) were stronger than those in zinc-deficient groups (SZD and MZD). Western blot analysis confirmed that nestin levels in pooled brain extracts from each of the zinc-supplemented groups (ZA, ZS, PF) were much higher than those from the zinc-deficient groups (SZD and MZD) from 10.5 dpc to P10. Immunostaining and Western blots showed no detectable nestin in any of the experimental and control group brains after P20. These observations of an association between maternal zinc deficiency and decreased nestin protein levels in brains of offspring suggest that zinc deficiency suppresses development of neural stem cells, an effect which may lead to neuroanatomical and behavioral abnormalities in adults.
文摘目的:观察中药天年饮(Tiannianyin,TNY-traditional chinese medicine)对D-半乳糖衰老大鼠脑单胺类神经递质去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量的影响。方法:选用成年雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为4组,每组均为10只:正常组、衰老模型组、TNY用药组、阴性对照组。D-半乳糖连续腹腔注射制作亚急性衰老的大鼠模型,采用高效液相色谱—电化学法检测各组大鼠下丘脑、海马NE、DA、5-HT的含量。结果:D-半乳糖衰老大鼠下丘脑、海马NE、DA、5-HT的含量明显降低(与正常大鼠相比P<0.01):TNY可明显提高脑单胺类神经递质的含量(用药组与模型组相比P<0.05)。结论:TNY可有效调整中枢神经递质的合成,具有良好延缓衰老的作用。
