Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline byproduct which is routinely discarded at residue disposal areas. Improving soil formation process to revegetate the special degraded lands is a promising strategy for sustainable ...Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline byproduct which is routinely discarded at residue disposal areas. Improving soil formation process to revegetate the special degraded lands is a promising strategy for sustainable management of the refining industry. A laboratory incubation experiment was used to evaluate the effects of gypsum and vermicompost on stable aggregate formation of bauxite residue. Aggregate size distribution was quantified by fractal theory, whilst residue microstructure was determined by scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography. Amendments addition increased the content of macro-aggregates(> 250 μm) and enhanced aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Following gypsum and vermicompost addition, fractal dimension decreased from 2.84 to 2.77, which indicated a more homogeneous distribution of aggregate particles. Images from scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional microstructure demonstrated that amendments stimulate the formation of improved structure in residue aggregates. Pore parameters including porosity, pore throat surface area, path length, and path tortuosity increased under amendment additions. Changes in aggregate size distribution and microstructure of bauxite residue indicated that additions of gypsum and vermicompost were beneficial to physical condition of bauxite residue which may enhance the ease of vegetation.展开更多
利用湿筛法进行土壤团聚体分组(>2、2～0.25、0.25～0.053、<0.053 mm粒级),研究了其添加不同用量玉米秸秆,25℃恒温室内培养对团聚体中胡敏酸数量和结构特征的影响。结果表明:添加玉米秸秆培养后,土壤团聚体2～0.25 mm和>2 m...利用湿筛法进行土壤团聚体分组(>2、2～0.25、0.25～0.053、<0.053 mm粒级),研究了其添加不同用量玉米秸秆,25℃恒温室内培养对团聚体中胡敏酸数量和结构特征的影响。结果表明:添加玉米秸秆培养后,土壤团聚体2～0.25 mm和>2 mm粒级成为优势粒级,平均含量分别占51.41%和34.12%,其全碳含量为10.15～25.74 g kg-1,胡敏酸(HA)绝对含量为4.06～5.79 g kg-1,明显高于对照CK的9.79～10.48 g kg-1和3.70 g kg-1,并随玉米秸秆用量的增加而增大;各处理胡敏酸C/H及高温/中温比值均低于CK处理,并随玉米秸秆用量的增加逐渐减小,说明随玉米秸秆用量的增加使HA分子缩合度降低,结构趋于简单化。展开更多
Soil aggregation,microbial community,and functions(i.e.,extracellular enzyme activities;EEAs)are critical factors affecting soil C dynamics and nutrient cycling.We assessed soil aggregate distribution,stability,nutrie...Soil aggregation,microbial community,and functions(i.e.,extracellular enzyme activities;EEAs)are critical factors affecting soil C dynamics and nutrient cycling.We assessed soil aggregate distribution,stability,nutrients,and microbial characteristics within>2,0.25-2,0.053-0.25,and<0.053 mm aggregates,based on an eight-year field experiment in a greenhouse vegetable field in China.The field experiment includes four treatments:100%N fertilizer(CF),50%substitution of N frtilizer with manure(M),straw(S),and manure plus straw(MS).The amounts of nutrient(N,P20,and K20)input were equal in each treatment.Results showed higher values of mean weight diameter in organic amended soils(M,MS,and S,2.43-2.97)vs.CF-amended soils(1.99).Relative to CF treatment,organic amendments had positive effects on nutrient(i.e.,available N,P,and soil organic C(SOC))conditions,microbial(e.g,bacterial and fungal)growth,and EEAs in the>0.053 mm aggregates,but not in the<0.053 mm aggregates.The 0.25-0.053 mm aggregates exhibited better nutrient conditions and hydrolytic activity,while the<0.053 mm aggregates had poor nutrient conditions and higher oxidative activity among aggregates,per SOC,available N,available P,and a series of enzyme activities.These results indicated that the 0.25-0.053 mm(<0.053 mm)aggregates provide suitable microhabitats for hydrolytic(oxidative)activity.Interestingly,we found that hydrolytic and oxidative activities were mainly impacted by fertilization(58.5%,P<0.01)and aggregate fractions(50.5%,P<0.01),respectively.The hydrolytic and oxidative activities were significantly(P<0.01)associated with nutrients(SOC and available N)and pH,electrical conductivity,respectively.Furthermore,SOC,available N,and available P closely(P<0.05)afected microbial communities within>0.25,0.25-0.053,and<0.053 mm aggregates,respectively.These findings provide several insights into microbial characteristics within aggregates under dfferent frilization modes in the greenhouse vegetable production system in China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41701587)
文摘Bauxite residue is a highly alkaline byproduct which is routinely discarded at residue disposal areas. Improving soil formation process to revegetate the special degraded lands is a promising strategy for sustainable management of the refining industry. A laboratory incubation experiment was used to evaluate the effects of gypsum and vermicompost on stable aggregate formation of bauxite residue. Aggregate size distribution was quantified by fractal theory, whilst residue microstructure was determined by scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography. Amendments addition increased the content of macro-aggregates(> 250 μm) and enhanced aggregate stability of bauxite residue. Following gypsum and vermicompost addition, fractal dimension decreased from 2.84 to 2.77, which indicated a more homogeneous distribution of aggregate particles. Images from scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional microstructure demonstrated that amendments stimulate the formation of improved structure in residue aggregates. Pore parameters including porosity, pore throat surface area, path length, and path tortuosity increased under amendment additions. Changes in aggregate size distribution and microstructure of bauxite residue indicated that additions of gypsum and vermicompost were beneficial to physical condition of bauxite residue which may enhance the ease of vegetation.
文摘利用湿筛法进行土壤团聚体分组(>2、2～0.25、0.25～0.053、<0.053 mm粒级),研究了其添加不同用量玉米秸秆,25℃恒温室内培养对团聚体中胡敏酸数量和结构特征的影响。结果表明:添加玉米秸秆培养后,土壤团聚体2～0.25 mm和>2 mm粒级成为优势粒级,平均含量分别占51.41%和34.12%,其全碳含量为10.15～25.74 g kg-1,胡敏酸(HA)绝对含量为4.06～5.79 g kg-1,明显高于对照CK的9.79～10.48 g kg-1和3.70 g kg-1,并随玉米秸秆用量的增加而增大;各处理胡敏酸C/H及高温/中温比值均低于CK处理,并随玉米秸秆用量的增加逐渐减小,说明随玉米秸秆用量的增加使HA分子缩合度降低,结构趋于简单化。
基金Fund for China Agriculture Research 3ystem(CAR3-23-B02)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0201001)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,China(2017CXGC0206).
文摘Soil aggregation,microbial community,and functions(i.e.,extracellular enzyme activities;EEAs)are critical factors affecting soil C dynamics and nutrient cycling.We assessed soil aggregate distribution,stability,nutrients,and microbial characteristics within>2,0.25-2,0.053-0.25,and<0.053 mm aggregates,based on an eight-year field experiment in a greenhouse vegetable field in China.The field experiment includes four treatments:100%N fertilizer(CF),50%substitution of N frtilizer with manure(M),straw(S),and manure plus straw(MS).The amounts of nutrient(N,P20,and K20)input were equal in each treatment.Results showed higher values of mean weight diameter in organic amended soils(M,MS,and S,2.43-2.97)vs.CF-amended soils(1.99).Relative to CF treatment,organic amendments had positive effects on nutrient(i.e.,available N,P,and soil organic C(SOC))conditions,microbial(e.g,bacterial and fungal)growth,and EEAs in the>0.053 mm aggregates,but not in the<0.053 mm aggregates.The 0.25-0.053 mm aggregates exhibited better nutrient conditions and hydrolytic activity,while the<0.053 mm aggregates had poor nutrient conditions and higher oxidative activity among aggregates,per SOC,available N,available P,and a series of enzyme activities.These results indicated that the 0.25-0.053 mm(<0.053 mm)aggregates provide suitable microhabitats for hydrolytic(oxidative)activity.Interestingly,we found that hydrolytic and oxidative activities were mainly impacted by fertilization(58.5%,P<0.01)and aggregate fractions(50.5%,P<0.01),respectively.The hydrolytic and oxidative activities were significantly(P<0.01)associated with nutrients(SOC and available N)and pH,electrical conductivity,respectively.Furthermore,SOC,available N,and available P closely(P<0.05)afected microbial communities within>0.25,0.25-0.053,and<0.053 mm aggregates,respectively.These findings provide several insights into microbial characteristics within aggregates under dfferent frilization modes in the greenhouse vegetable production system in China.
