The Earth was born as a dry planet without atmosphere and ocean components at 4.56 Ga,with subsequent secondary accretion of bio-elements,such as carbon（C）,hydrogen（H）,oxygen（O）,and nitrogen（N） which peaked at...The Earth was born as a dry planet without atmosphere and ocean components at 4.56 Ga,with subsequent secondary accretion of bio-elements,such as carbon（C）,hydrogen（H）,oxygen（O）,and nitrogen（N） which peaked at 4.37-4.20 Ga.This two-step formation model of the Earth we refer to as the advent of bio-elements model（ABEL Model） and the event of the advent of bio-elements（water component） as ABEL Bombardment.It is clear that the solid Earth originated from enstatite chondrite-like dry material based on the similarity in oxygen isotopic composition and among other isotopes.On the other hand,Earth＇s water derives primarily from carbonaceous chondrite material based on the hydrogen isotopic ratio.We present our ABEL model to explain this enigma between solid Earth and water,as well as secondary accretion of oxidizing bio-elements,which became a precursor to initiate metabolism to emerge life on a highly reductive planet.If ABEL Bombardment had not occurred,life never would have emerged on the Earth.Therefore,ABEL Bombardment is one of the most important events for this planet to evolve into a habitable planet.The chronology of ABEL Bombardment is informed through previous researches of the late heavy bombardment and the late veneer model.ABEL Bombardment is considered to have occurred during 4.37-4.20 Ga,which is the concept to redefine the standard late heavy bombardment and the late veneer models.Also,ABEL Bombardment is the trigger of the transition from stagnant lid tectonics to plate tectonics on this planet because of the injection of volatiles into the initial dry Earth.展开更多
Dear Editor,Technology enhanced learning has made many advances in the field of medical education over the past twenty years.There has been the advent of e-learning,simulation,and multimedia resources to name but a fe...Dear Editor,Technology enhanced learning has made many advances in the field of medical education over the past twenty years.There has been the advent of e-learning,simulation,and multimedia resources to name but a few＂.Many of the advances made in technology enhanced learning,however,have followed traditional technologies in media and education.Thus,展开更多
Endoscopic techniques in gastroenterology have been developing rapidly over the past two decades.Advances in minimally invasive endoscopic techniques allow for the detection and treatment of more gastrointestinal（GI...Endoscopic techniques in gastroenterology have been developing rapidly over the past two decades.Advances in minimally invasive endoscopic techniques allow for the detection and treatment of more gastrointestinal（GI）diseases than ever.In a manner of speaking,the advent of miniature ultrasound device coupled with endoscopy展开更多
以Alice’s Adventure Wonderland一书闻名于世的牛津大学数学讲师Lewis Carroll于1871年写成另一篇脍炙人口的童话小说Alice Through the Looking-glass.小说中有一首独出心裁、别有情趣的诗歌Jabberwocky.该诗的第一节是这样的:Twas b...以Alice’s Adventure Wonderland一书闻名于世的牛津大学数学讲师Lewis Carroll于1871年写成另一篇脍炙人口的童话小说Alice Through the Looking-glass.小说中有一首独出心裁、别有情趣的诗歌Jabberwocky.该诗的第一节是这样的:Twas brilling,and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe;All mimsy were the borogroves,And mome raths outgrabe.展开更多
I.Introduction Since the advent of nuclear weapons,especially after the United States dropped atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki,the capacity of massive and indiscriminate annihilation of nuclear weapons have made...I.Introduction Since the advent of nuclear weapons,especially after the United States dropped atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki,the capacity of massive and indiscriminate annihilation of nuclear weapons have made people of insight across the world realize that such weapons cannot be used arbitrarily.In the 1960s,the then Chinese leader Mao Zedong said that to throw them(nuclear weapons)about at will is committing展开更多
Every family has special holiday traditions.Whether your holiday is almost fully planned,or you are still working to develop some of your own family traditions,here are three fun Christmas activities for everybody in ...Every family has special holiday traditions.Whether your holiday is almost fully planned,or you are still working to develop some of your own family traditions,here are three fun Christmas activities for everybody in the family.每家每户都有自己的节日风俗。无论你已经把节日的活动安排得满满,抑或你仍在绞尽脑汁挖掘些只属于你们自己的风俗,这里列举了三个适合家人一起庆祝圣诞节的有趣的活动。展开更多
Individuals,Internet companies and the government work together to promote science‘Knowledge is power＂was one of Sir Francis Bacon’s most powerful sayings,one that is resonating even stronger today thanks to the ad...Individuals,Internet companies and the government work together to promote science‘Knowledge is power＂was one of Sir Francis Bacon’s most powerful sayings,one that is resonating even stronger today thanks to the advent of the Internet,and its ability to empower individuals.展开更多
阴阳之隔。他和她是一对伴侣,并没有结婚(不同姓),他已去世,她还活着,她的浅色墓碑上写着:'爱仍在'(Und die Liebe bleibt)。德国也有清明节?是的,德国有一个类似清明节的'亡灵星期日'(Totensonntag),1816年,普鲁士国...阴阳之隔。他和她是一对伴侣,并没有结婚(不同姓),他已去世,她还活着,她的浅色墓碑上写着:'爱仍在'(Und die Liebe bleibt)。德国也有清明节?是的,德国有一个类似清明节的'亡灵星期日'(Totensonntag),1816年,普鲁士国王弗里德里希·威廉三世(Friedrich WilhelmⅢ.)为哀思在反拿破仑统治的解放战争中(Befreiungskriege)阵亡的士兵而定下这个纪念日,每年的这一天——圣灵将临期的第一个主日(1.Advent)展开更多
In human and other mammalian populations there are many inheritable traits that do not appear to have gross phenotypic effects. These normal variations occur more frequently than that as expected from recurrent mutati...In human and other mammalian populations there are many inheritable traits that do not appear to have gross phenotypic effects. These normal variations occur more frequently than that as expected from recurrent mutation rates alone. With the展开更多
With the advent of globalization era, diflerent countries, nations and cultures all face some escalated common problems. By using interactive experience, China Pavilion hopes to highlight the humane spirit of commonal...With the advent of globalization era, diflerent countries, nations and cultures all face some escalated common problems. By using interactive experience, China Pavilion hopes to highlight the humane spirit of commonality and artistic ontology and tries to integrate results of diflerent fields into works and exhibitions and achieve perfect harmony between the east and west, traditional era and contemporary era and between virtual and reality, so as to build up a perceptive field for visitors and better reflect on themselves, the world and this"interesting times"?展开更多
基金supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas(Grant Nos.26106002 and 26106006)
文摘The Earth was born as a dry planet without atmosphere and ocean components at 4.56 Ga,with subsequent secondary accretion of bio-elements,such as carbon（C）,hydrogen（H）,oxygen（O）,and nitrogen（N） which peaked at 4.37-4.20 Ga.This two-step formation model of the Earth we refer to as the advent of bio-elements model（ABEL Model） and the event of the advent of bio-elements（water component） as ABEL Bombardment.It is clear that the solid Earth originated from enstatite chondrite-like dry material based on the similarity in oxygen isotopic composition and among other isotopes.On the other hand,Earth＇s water derives primarily from carbonaceous chondrite material based on the hydrogen isotopic ratio.We present our ABEL model to explain this enigma between solid Earth and water,as well as secondary accretion of oxidizing bio-elements,which became a precursor to initiate metabolism to emerge life on a highly reductive planet.If ABEL Bombardment had not occurred,life never would have emerged on the Earth.Therefore,ABEL Bombardment is one of the most important events for this planet to evolve into a habitable planet.The chronology of ABEL Bombardment is informed through previous researches of the late heavy bombardment and the late veneer model.ABEL Bombardment is considered to have occurred during 4.37-4.20 Ga,which is the concept to redefine the standard late heavy bombardment and the late veneer models.Also,ABEL Bombardment is the trigger of the transition from stagnant lid tectonics to plate tectonics on this planet because of the injection of volatiles into the initial dry Earth.
文摘Dear Editor,Technology enhanced learning has made many advances in the field of medical education over the past twenty years.There has been the advent of e-learning,simulation,and multimedia resources to name but a few＂.Many of the advances made in technology enhanced learning,however,have followed traditional technologies in media and education.Thus,
文摘Endoscopic techniques in gastroenterology have been developing rapidly over the past two decades.Advances in minimally invasive endoscopic techniques allow for the detection and treatment of more gastrointestinal（GI）diseases than ever.In a manner of speaking,the advent of miniature ultrasound device coupled with endoscopy
文摘以Alice’s Adventure Wonderland一书闻名于世的牛津大学数学讲师Lewis Carroll于1871年写成另一篇脍炙人口的童话小说Alice Through the Looking-glass.小说中有一首独出心裁、别有情趣的诗歌Jabberwocky.该诗的第一节是这样的:Twas brilling,and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe;All mimsy were the borogroves,And mome raths outgrabe.
文摘I.Introduction Since the advent of nuclear weapons,especially after the United States dropped atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki,the capacity of massive and indiscriminate annihilation of nuclear weapons have made people of insight across the world realize that such weapons cannot be used arbitrarily.In the 1960s,the then Chinese leader Mao Zedong said that to throw them(nuclear weapons)about at will is committing
文摘Every family has special holiday traditions.Whether your holiday is almost fully planned,or you are still working to develop some of your own family traditions,here are three fun Christmas activities for everybody in the family.每家每户都有自己的节日风俗。无论你已经把节日的活动安排得满满,抑或你仍在绞尽脑汁挖掘些只属于你们自己的风俗,这里列举了三个适合家人一起庆祝圣诞节的有趣的活动。
文摘Individuals,Internet companies and the government work together to promote science‘Knowledge is power＂was one of Sir Francis Bacon’s most powerful sayings,one that is resonating even stronger today thanks to the advent of the Internet,and its ability to empower individuals.
文摘阴阳之隔。他和她是一对伴侣,并没有结婚(不同姓),他已去世,她还活着,她的浅色墓碑上写着:'爱仍在'(Und die Liebe bleibt)。德国也有清明节?是的,德国有一个类似清明节的'亡灵星期日'(Totensonntag),1816年,普鲁士国王弗里德里希·威廉三世(Friedrich WilhelmⅢ.)为哀思在反拿破仑统治的解放战争中(Befreiungskriege)阵亡的士兵而定下这个纪念日,每年的这一天——圣灵将临期的第一个主日(1.Advent)
文摘In human and other mammalian populations there are many inheritable traits that do not appear to have gross phenotypic effects. These normal variations occur more frequently than that as expected from recurrent mutation rates alone. With the
文摘With the advent of globalization era, diflerent countries, nations and cultures all face some escalated common problems. By using interactive experience, China Pavilion hopes to highlight the humane spirit of commonality and artistic ontology and tries to integrate results of diflerent fields into works and exhibitions and achieve perfect harmony between the east and west, traditional era and contemporary era and between virtual and reality, so as to build up a perceptive field for visitors and better reflect on themselves, the world and this"interesting times"?
