The control of balance is crucial for efficiently performing most of our daily motor tasks, such as those involving goal-directed arm movements or whole body displacement. The purpose of this article is twofold. First...The control of balance is crucial for efficiently performing most of our daily motor tasks, such as those involving goal-directed arm movements or whole body displacement. The purpose of this article is twofold. Firstly, it is to recall how balance can be maintained despite the different sources of postural perturbation arising during voluntary movement. The importance of the so-called "anticipatory postural adjustments"(APA), taken as a "line of defence" against the destabilizing effect induced by a predicted perturbation, is emphasized. Secondly, it is to report the results of recent studies that questioned the adaptability of APA to various constraints imposed on the postural system. The postural constraints envisaged here are classified into biomechanical(postural stability, superimposition of motor tasks),(neuro) physiological(fatigue), temporal(time pressure) and psychological(fear of falling, emotion). Overall, the results of these studies point out the capacity of the central nervous system(CNS) to adapt the spatio-temporal features of APA to each of theseconstraints. However, it seems that, depending on the constraint, the "priority" of the CNS was focused on postural stability maintenance, on body protection and/or on maintenance of focal movement performance.展开更多
It is essential to understand the water consumption characteristics and physiological adjustments of tree species under drought conditions,as well as the effects of pure and mixed plantations on these characteristics ...It is essential to understand the water consumption characteristics and physiological adjustments of tree species under drought conditions,as well as the effects of pure and mixed plantations on these characteristics in semi-arid regions.In this study,the normalized sap flow(SFn),leaf water potential,stomatal conductance(gs),and photosynthetic rate(Pr)were monitored for two dominant species,i.e.,Pinus tabuliformis and Hippophae rhamnoides,in both pure and mixed plantations in a semi-arid region of Chinese Loess Plateau.A threshold-delay model showed that the lower rainfall thresholds(RL)for P.tabuliformis and H.rhamnoides in pure plantations were 9.6 and 11.0 mm,respectively,and the time lags(τ)after rainfall were 1.15 and 1.76 d for corresponding species,respectively.The results indicated that P.tabuliformis was more sensitive to rainfall pulse than H.rhamnoides.In addition,strong stomatal control allowed P.tabuliformis to experience low gsand Prin response to drought,while maintaining a high midday leaf water potential(Ψm).However,H.rhamnoides maintained high gsand Prat a lowΨmexpense.Therefore,P.tabuliformis and H.rhamnoides can be considered as isohydric and anisohydric species,respectively.In mixed plantation,the values of RLfor P.tabuliformis and H.rhamnoides were 6.5 and 8.9 mm,respectively;and the values ofτwere 0.86 and 1.61 d for corresponding species,respectively,which implied that mixed afforestation enhanced the rainfall pulse sensitivity for both two species,especially for P.tabuliformis.In addition,mixed afforestation significantly reduced SFn,gs,and Prfor P.tabuliformis(P<0.05),while maintaining a high leaf water potential status.However,no significant effect of mixed afforestation of H.rhamnoides was observed at the expense of leaf water potential status in response to drought.Although inconsistent physiological responses were adopted by these species,the altered water consumption characteristics,especially for P.tabuliformis indicated that the mixed afforestation requires further investigati展开更多
In this work,we explore the use of an iterative Bayesian Monte Carlo(iBMC)method for nuclear data evaluation within a TALYS Evaluated Nuclear Data Library(TENDL)framework.The goal is to probe the model and parameter s...In this work,we explore the use of an iterative Bayesian Monte Carlo(iBMC)method for nuclear data evaluation within a TALYS Evaluated Nuclear Data Library(TENDL)framework.The goal is to probe the model and parameter space of the TALYS code system to find the optimal model and parameter sets that reproduces selected experimental data.The method involves the simultaneous variation of many nuclear reaction models as well as their parameters included in the TALYS code.The‘best’model set with its parameter set was obtained by comparing model calculations with selected experimental data.Three experimental data types were used:(1)reaction cross sections,(2)residual production cross sections,and(3)the elastic angular distributions.To improve our fit to experimental data,we update our‘best’parameter set—the file that maximizes the likelihood function—in an iterative fashion.Convergence was determined by monitoring the evolution of the maximum likelihood estimate(MLE)values and was considered reached when the relative change in the MLE for the last two iterations was within 5%.Once the final‘best’file is identified,we infer parameter uncertainties and covariance information to this file by varying model parameters around this file.In this way,we ensured that the parameter distributions are centered on our evaluation.The proposed method was applied to the evaluation of p+^(59)Co between 1 and 100 MeV.Finally,the adjusted files were compared with experimental data from the EXFOR database as well as with evaluations from the TENDL-2019,JENDL/He-2007 and JENDL-4.0/HE nuclear data libraries.展开更多
The world is marching into a new development period when the digital technology,physical technology,and biological technology have achieved an unprecedented development respectively in their own fields,and at the same...The world is marching into a new development period when the digital technology,physical technology,and biological technology have achieved an unprecedented development respectively in their own fields,and at the same time their applications are converging greatly.These are the three major technological drivers for the Fourth Industrial Revolution.This paper discusses the specific technology niches of each kind technological driver behind the Fourth Industrial Revolution,and then evaluates impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on global industrial,economic,and social development.At last this paper proposes possible measures and policies for both firms and governments to cope with the changes brought by the Fourth Industrial Revolution.展开更多
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, and scarring, primarily affecting areas rich in apocrine glands. Environmental and occupational risk...Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, and scarring, primarily affecting areas rich in apocrine glands. Environmental and occupational risk factors, including prolonged exposure to heat, friction, and certain chemicals, have been identified as exacerbating conditions for HS. Yet, there remains a lack of tailored recommendations for modifying work environments to alleviate these triggers. This review presents novel suggestions for work modifications to reduce HS flare-ups, such as implementing breathable, friction-reducing workwear, ergonomic adjustments to minimize pressure on affected areas, and introducing low-irritant hygiene protocols in workplaces with chemical exposure. These recommendations are grounded in emerging evidence linking specific occupational exposures to the exacerbation of HS symptoms. The novelty of this approach lies in its proactive stance, shifting from reactive management of HS symptoms to preventative environmental modifications. Future studies should explore the long-term efficacy of these modifications and investigate the potential for personalized work environment adjustments based on individual patient profiles. Targeted workplace interventions may significantly improve the quality of life for HS patients, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary collaboration between dermatologists, occupational health specialists, and employers.展开更多
In the present work, the classical Bethe–Weizs?cker(BW) mass formula with five energy terms is revisited and updated. We use the least-squares adjustments on the binding energy of 2497 different nuclides from the las...In the present work, the classical Bethe–Weizs?cker(BW) mass formula with five energy terms is revisited and updated. We use the least-squares adjustments on the binding energy of 2497 different nuclides from the last update of the atomic mass evaluation,AME2016 published in March 2017, to provide a new set of energy coefficients of the mass formula. The obtained set of formula coefficients allowed us to reproduce most of the experimental values of the binding energies for each nucleus with A ≥50. The comparison between the binding energies provided with updated mass formula and those of AME2016 on the one hand, and those of previous works,on the other hand, yields relative errors that oscillate between less than 0.05% and 1.5%. The revisited BW formula is in very good agreement with the experimental data.展开更多
The solid template CCD camera calibration method of bundle adjustments basedon collinearity equation is presented considering the characteristics of space large-dimensionon-line measurement. In the method, a more comp...The solid template CCD camera calibration method of bundle adjustments basedon collinearity equation is presented considering the characteristics of space large-dimensionon-line measurement. In the method, a more comprehensive camera model is adopted which is based onthe pinhole model extended with distortions corrections. In the process of calibration, calibrationprecision is improved by imaging at different locations in the whole measurement space,multi-imaging at the same location and bundle adjustments optimization. The calibration experimentproves that the calibration method is able to fulfill calibration requirement of CCD camera appliedto vision measurement.展开更多
Modelling of migration and accumulation of elements Au and Ag in rocks under temperatures of 350–450°C and a confining pressure of 300 MPa and axial pressure of 100–150 MPa is conducted. It is found that the co...Modelling of migration and accumulation of elements Au and Ag in rocks under temperatures of 350–450°C and a confining pressure of 300 MPa and axial pressure of 100–150 MPa is conducted. It is found that the contents of gold and silver get higher in metallic sulphides such as pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite as well as in quartz and muscovite, and get lower in chlorite, biotite, seriate, albite and calcite, showing that tectono-dynamics is one of the important factors for petrogenesis and metallogenesis.展开更多
It is well known that balance control is affected by aging, neurological and orthopedic conditions. Poor balance control during gait and postural maintenance are associated with disability, falls and increased mortali...It is well known that balance control is affected by aging, neurological and orthopedic conditions. Poor balance control during gait and postural maintenance are associated with disability, falls and increased mortality. Gait initiation-the transient period between the quiet standing posture and steady state walking-is a functional task that is classically used in the literature to investigate how the central nervous system(CNS) controls balance during a whole-body movement involving change in the base of support dimensions and center of mass progression. Understanding how the CNS in able-bodied subjects exerts this control during such a challenging task is a prerequisite to identifying motor disorders in populations with specific impairments of the postural system. It may also provide clinicians with objective measures to assess the efficiency of rehabilitation programs and better target interventions according to individual impairments. The present review thus proposes a state-of-the-art analysis on:(1) the balance control mechanisms in play during gait initiation in able bodied subjects and in the case of some frail populations; and(2) the biomechanical parameters used in the literature to quantify dynamic stability during gait initiation. Balance control mechanisms reviewed in this article included anticipatory postural adjustments, stance leg stiffness, foot placement, lateral ankle strategy, swing foot strike pattern and vertical center of mass braking. Based on this review, the following viewpoints were put forward:(1) dynamic stability during gait initiation may share a principle of homeostatic regulation similar to most physiological variables, where separate mechanisms need to be coordinated to ensure stabilization of vital variables, and consequently; and(2) rehabilitation interventions which focus on separate or isolated components of posture, balance, or gait may limit the effectiveness of current clinical practices.展开更多
基金Supported by UFR STAPS of the University of Paris 11,France
文摘The control of balance is crucial for efficiently performing most of our daily motor tasks, such as those involving goal-directed arm movements or whole body displacement. The purpose of this article is twofold. Firstly, it is to recall how balance can be maintained despite the different sources of postural perturbation arising during voluntary movement. The importance of the so-called "anticipatory postural adjustments"(APA), taken as a "line of defence" against the destabilizing effect induced by a predicted perturbation, is emphasized. Secondly, it is to report the results of recent studies that questioned the adaptability of APA to various constraints imposed on the postural system. The postural constraints envisaged here are classified into biomechanical(postural stability, superimposition of motor tasks),(neuro) physiological(fatigue), temporal(time pressure) and psychological(fear of falling, emotion). Overall, the results of these studies point out the capacity of the central nervous system(CNS) to adapt the spatio-temporal features of APA to each of theseconstraints. However, it seems that, depending on the constraint, the "priority" of the CNS was focused on postural stability maintenance, on body protection and/or on maintenance of focal movement performance.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0604801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41501576)+1 种基金the China Special Fund for Meteorological Research in the Public Interest (Major Projects) (GYHY201506001-3)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2452016105)
文摘It is essential to understand the water consumption characteristics and physiological adjustments of tree species under drought conditions,as well as the effects of pure and mixed plantations on these characteristics in semi-arid regions.In this study,the normalized sap flow(SFn),leaf water potential,stomatal conductance(gs),and photosynthetic rate(Pr)were monitored for two dominant species,i.e.,Pinus tabuliformis and Hippophae rhamnoides,in both pure and mixed plantations in a semi-arid region of Chinese Loess Plateau.A threshold-delay model showed that the lower rainfall thresholds(RL)for P.tabuliformis and H.rhamnoides in pure plantations were 9.6 and 11.0 mm,respectively,and the time lags(τ)after rainfall were 1.15 and 1.76 d for corresponding species,respectively.The results indicated that P.tabuliformis was more sensitive to rainfall pulse than H.rhamnoides.In addition,strong stomatal control allowed P.tabuliformis to experience low gsand Prin response to drought,while maintaining a high midday leaf water potential(Ψm).However,H.rhamnoides maintained high gsand Prat a lowΨmexpense.Therefore,P.tabuliformis and H.rhamnoides can be considered as isohydric and anisohydric species,respectively.In mixed plantation,the values of RLfor P.tabuliformis and H.rhamnoides were 6.5 and 8.9 mm,respectively;and the values ofτwere 0.86 and 1.61 d for corresponding species,respectively,which implied that mixed afforestation enhanced the rainfall pulse sensitivity for both two species,especially for P.tabuliformis.In addition,mixed afforestation significantly reduced SFn,gs,and Prfor P.tabuliformis(P<0.05),while maintaining a high leaf water potential status.However,no significant effect of mixed afforestation of H.rhamnoides was observed at the expense of leaf water potential status in response to drought.Although inconsistent physiological responses were adopted by these species,the altered water consumption characteristics,especially for P.tabuliformis indicated that the mixed afforestation requires further investigati
基金Funding Open Access funding provided by Lib4RI–Library for the Research Institutes within the ETH Domain:Eawag,Empa,PSI&WSLthe Paul Scherrer Institute through the NES/GFA-ABE Cross Project.
文摘In this work,we explore the use of an iterative Bayesian Monte Carlo(iBMC)method for nuclear data evaluation within a TALYS Evaluated Nuclear Data Library(TENDL)framework.The goal is to probe the model and parameter space of the TALYS code system to find the optimal model and parameter sets that reproduces selected experimental data.The method involves the simultaneous variation of many nuclear reaction models as well as their parameters included in the TALYS code.The‘best’model set with its parameter set was obtained by comparing model calculations with selected experimental data.Three experimental data types were used:(1)reaction cross sections,(2)residual production cross sections,and(3)the elastic angular distributions.To improve our fit to experimental data,we update our‘best’parameter set—the file that maximizes the likelihood function—in an iterative fashion.Convergence was determined by monitoring the evolution of the maximum likelihood estimate(MLE)values and was considered reached when the relative change in the MLE for the last two iterations was within 5%.Once the final‘best’file is identified,we infer parameter uncertainties and covariance information to this file by varying model parameters around this file.In this way,we ensured that the parameter distributions are centered on our evaluation.The proposed method was applied to the evaluation of p+^(59)Co between 1 and 100 MeV.Finally,the adjusted files were compared with experimental data from the EXFOR database as well as with evaluations from the TENDL-2019,JENDL/He-2007 and JENDL-4.0/HE nuclear data libraries.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41671120,41401125)
文摘The world is marching into a new development period when the digital technology,physical technology,and biological technology have achieved an unprecedented development respectively in their own fields,and at the same time their applications are converging greatly.These are the three major technological drivers for the Fourth Industrial Revolution.This paper discusses the specific technology niches of each kind technological driver behind the Fourth Industrial Revolution,and then evaluates impacts of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on global industrial,economic,and social development.At last this paper proposes possible measures and policies for both firms and governments to cope with the changes brought by the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
文摘Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by painful nodules, abscesses, and scarring, primarily affecting areas rich in apocrine glands. Environmental and occupational risk factors, including prolonged exposure to heat, friction, and certain chemicals, have been identified as exacerbating conditions for HS. Yet, there remains a lack of tailored recommendations for modifying work environments to alleviate these triggers. This review presents novel suggestions for work modifications to reduce HS flare-ups, such as implementing breathable, friction-reducing workwear, ergonomic adjustments to minimize pressure on affected areas, and introducing low-irritant hygiene protocols in workplaces with chemical exposure. These recommendations are grounded in emerging evidence linking specific occupational exposures to the exacerbation of HS symptoms. The novelty of this approach lies in its proactive stance, shifting from reactive management of HS symptoms to preventative environmental modifications. Future studies should explore the long-term efficacy of these modifications and investigate the potential for personalized work environment adjustments based on individual patient profiles. Targeted workplace interventions may significantly improve the quality of life for HS patients, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary collaboration between dermatologists, occupational health specialists, and employers.
文摘In the present work, the classical Bethe–Weizs?cker(BW) mass formula with five energy terms is revisited and updated. We use the least-squares adjustments on the binding energy of 2497 different nuclides from the last update of the atomic mass evaluation,AME2016 published in March 2017, to provide a new set of energy coefficients of the mass formula. The obtained set of formula coefficients allowed us to reproduce most of the experimental values of the binding energies for each nucleus with A ≥50. The comparison between the binding energies provided with updated mass formula and those of AME2016 on the one hand, and those of previous works,on the other hand, yields relative errors that oscillate between less than 0.05% and 1.5%. The revisited BW formula is in very good agreement with the experimental data.
文摘The solid template CCD camera calibration method of bundle adjustments basedon collinearity equation is presented considering the characteristics of space large-dimensionon-line measurement. In the method, a more comprehensive camera model is adopted which is based onthe pinhole model extended with distortions corrections. In the process of calibration, calibrationprecision is improved by imaging at different locations in the whole measurement space,multi-imaging at the same location and bundle adjustments optimization. The calibration experimentproves that the calibration method is able to fulfill calibration requirement of CCD camera appliedto vision measurement.
文摘Modelling of migration and accumulation of elements Au and Ag in rocks under temperatures of 350–450°C and a confining pressure of 300 MPa and axial pressure of 100–150 MPa is conducted. It is found that the contents of gold and silver get higher in metallic sulphides such as pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite as well as in quartz and muscovite, and get lower in chlorite, biotite, seriate, albite and calcite, showing that tectono-dynamics is one of the important factors for petrogenesis and metallogenesis.
文摘It is well known that balance control is affected by aging, neurological and orthopedic conditions. Poor balance control during gait and postural maintenance are associated with disability, falls and increased mortality. Gait initiation-the transient period between the quiet standing posture and steady state walking-is a functional task that is classically used in the literature to investigate how the central nervous system(CNS) controls balance during a whole-body movement involving change in the base of support dimensions and center of mass progression. Understanding how the CNS in able-bodied subjects exerts this control during such a challenging task is a prerequisite to identifying motor disorders in populations with specific impairments of the postural system. It may also provide clinicians with objective measures to assess the efficiency of rehabilitation programs and better target interventions according to individual impairments. The present review thus proposes a state-of-the-art analysis on:(1) the balance control mechanisms in play during gait initiation in able bodied subjects and in the case of some frail populations; and(2) the biomechanical parameters used in the literature to quantify dynamic stability during gait initiation. Balance control mechanisms reviewed in this article included anticipatory postural adjustments, stance leg stiffness, foot placement, lateral ankle strategy, swing foot strike pattern and vertical center of mass braking. Based on this review, the following viewpoints were put forward:(1) dynamic stability during gait initiation may share a principle of homeostatic regulation similar to most physiological variables, where separate mechanisms need to be coordinated to ensure stabilization of vital variables, and consequently; and(2) rehabilitation interventions which focus on separate or isolated components of posture, balance, or gait may limit the effectiveness of current clinical practices.
