The alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway was initially identified as a non-immunological defense mechanism against virus infections. It is particularly relevant to the suppression of stealth adapted viruses, whic...The alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway was initially identified as a non-immunological defense mechanism against virus infections. It is particularly relevant to the suppression of stealth adapted viruses, which are not normally recognized by the cellular immune system. Many of the methods able to enhance the ACE pathway are consistent with the transfer of a natural energy to the body’s fluids. Additional support for this premise is provided in this paper. The vapor pressure and rate of evaporation of activated water, ethanol and gasoline increase to beyond atmospheric pressure over time. The term KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) is proposed for a natural energy that increases the volatility of fluids, seemingly through the loosening of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. KELEA activated fluids have many potential health, agricultural and industrial applications, as well as providing the opportunity for fundamental research.展开更多
Modified Theories of Gravity include spin dependence in General Relativity, to account for additional sources of gravity instead of dark matter/energy approach. The spin-spin interaction is already included in the eff...Modified Theories of Gravity include spin dependence in General Relativity, to account for additional sources of gravity instead of dark matter/energy approach. The spin-spin interaction is already included in the effective nuclear force potential, and theoretical considerations and experimental evidence hint to the hypothesis that Gravity originates from such an interaction, under an averaging process over spin directions. This invites to continue the line of theory initiated by Einstein and Cartan, based on tetrads and spin effects modeled by connections with torsion. As a first step in this direction, the article considers a new modified Coulomb/Newton Law accounting for the spin-spin interaction. The physical potential is geometrized through specific affine connections and specific semi-Riemannian metrics, canonically associated to it, acting on a manifold or at the level of its tangent bundle. Freely falling particles in these “toy Universes” are determined, showing an interesting behavior and unexpected patterns.展开更多
Miniature lenses with a tunable focus are essential components for many modern applications involving compact optical systems.While several tunable lenses have been reported with various tuning mechanisms,they often f...Miniature lenses with a tunable focus are essential components for many modern applications involving compact optical systems.While several tunable lenses have been reported with various tuning mechanisms,they often face challenges with respect to power consumption,tuning speed,fabrication cost,or production scalability.In this work,we have adapted the mechanism of an Alvarez lens–a varifocal composite lens in which lateral shifts of two optical elements with cubic phase surfaces give rise to a change in the optical power–to construct a miniature,microelectromechanical system(MEMS)-actuated metasurface Alvarez lens.Implementation based on an electrostatic MEMS generates fast and controllable actuation with low power consumption.The utilization of metasurfaces–ultrathin and subwavelength-patterned diffractive optics–as optical elements greatly reduces the device volume compared to systems using conventional freeform lenses.The entire MEMS Alvarez metalens is fully compatible with modern semiconductor fabrication technologies,granting it the potential to be mass-produced at a low unit cost.In the reported prototype operating at 1550 nm wavelength,a total uniaxial displacement of 6.3µm was achieved in the Alvarez metalens with a direct-current(DC)voltage application up to 20V,which modulated the focal position within a total tuning range of 68µm,producing more than an order of magnitude change in the focal length and a 1460-diopter change in the optical power.The MEMS Alvarez metalens has a robust design that can potentially generate a much larger tuning range without substantially increasing the device volume or energy consumption,making it desirable for a wide range of imaging and display applications.展开更多
To precisely determine the integrated orbit of the Chinese manned spacecraft mission, a smoother and Bayesian filter based technique for optimum semi-codeless tracking of the P（Y） code on dual-frequency GPS signals ...To precisely determine the integrated orbit of the Chinese manned spacecraft mission, a smoother and Bayesian filter based technique for optimum semi-codeless tracking of the P（Y） code on dual-frequency GPS signals has been advanced. This signal processing technique has been proven effective and robust for affording access to dual-frequency GPS signals. This paper introduces the signal dynamics and measurement models, describes the W o D bit estimation method, and corrects the mistakes of direct estimation of W bit in current semi-codeless tracking. Median filter is chosen as a smoother to find the best measurements at the current time among the history and current information. The Bayesian filter is used to track the L2 P（Y） code phase and L2 carrier phase recursively.展开更多
In the comparison with SARS-CoVof 2003,SARS-CoV-2 is extremely well adapted to the human populations and its adaptive shift from the animal host to humans must have been even more extensive.By the blind watchmaker arg...In the comparison with SARS-CoVof 2003,SARS-CoV-2 is extremely well adapted to the human populations and its adaptive shift from the animal host to humans must have been even more extensive.By the blind watchmaker argument,such an adaptive shift can only happen prior to the onset of the current pandemic and with the aid of step-by-step selection.展开更多
The existence and uniqueness of the solutions for a class of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs for short) in a random interval are discussed.
AIM: To assess the prevalence of mild gastrointestinal disorders in milk-fed infants in paediatric practice, and to evaluate the effectiveness and satisfaction with dietetic treatment.METHODS: A cross-sectional epidem...AIM: To assess the prevalence of mild gastrointestinal disorders in milk-fed infants in paediatric practice, and to evaluate the effectiveness and satisfaction with dietetic treatment.METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was first carried out. A total of 285 paediatricians included 3487 children seen during a period of one week. In a second phase an observational, prospective and multicentre study was conducted and 2069 milk-fed infants with mild gastrointestinal disorders (colic, constipation, regurgitation and diarrhoea) were included. There was a baseline visit (start of treatment) and a final visit four weeks later. The effectiveness of the various Novalac formulas, as well as the satisfaction of the parents/tutors and paediatricians with the dietetic treatment were assessed at the final visit.RESULTS: The prevalence of mild gastrointestinal disorders was 27.8% of all paediatrician consultations (9.2%, 7.8%, 6.1% and 4.6% in relation to colic, constipation, regurgitation and diarrhoea, respectively). The several Novalac adapted milk formulas resolved 88.4% of the mild gastrointestinal disorders. Depending on the type of disorder, differences in response rate were observed. The highest effectiveness was recorded with respect to diarrhoea (92.6%), followed by constipation (91.6%), colic (87.6%) and regurgitation (81%). Overall, 91% of the paediatricians and 88.8% of the parents/tutors were satisfied or very satisfied with the Novalac adapted milk formulas.CONCLUSION: Mild gastrointestinal disorders show a high prevalence in paediatric practice. The Novalac adapted milk formulas have been shown to be effective in treating mild gastrointestinal disorders in milk-fed infants in the context of routine clinical practice.展开更多
Hong Kong novelist Yi Shu’s works are being adapted for movie and TV,but not everyone is sold on the messaging of these female-centric stories.Under a brilliant autumn sky,Huang Yimei glides down the open road.A blac...Hong Kong novelist Yi Shu’s works are being adapted for movie and TV,but not everyone is sold on the messaging of these female-centric stories.Under a brilliant autumn sky,Huang Yimei glides down the open road.A black leather jacket clings to her form.Her motorcycle hums with power.As she rides,the yellow leaves of the trees lining the street blur into a golden haze.“From now on,the world points wherever I want to go,and I embrace my being,fully and utterly,”she says.展开更多
Osteocytes act within a hypoxic environment to control key steps in bone formation.FGF23,a critical phosphate-regulating hormone,is stimulated by low oxygen/iron in acute and chronic diseases,however the molecular mec...Osteocytes act within a hypoxic environment to control key steps in bone formation.FGF23,a critical phosphate-regulating hormone,is stimulated by low oxygen/iron in acute and chronic diseases,however the molecular mechanisms directing this process remain unclear.Our goal was to identify the osteocyte factors responsible for FGF23 production driven by changes in oxygen/iron utilization.Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors(HIF-PHI)which stabilize HIF transcription factors,increased Fgf23 in normal mice,as well as in osteocyte-like cells;in mice with conditional osteocyte Fgf23 deletion,circulating i FGF23 was suppressed.An inducible MSC cell line(‘MPC2’)underwent FG-4592 treatment and ATACseq/RNAseq,and demonstrated that differentiated osteocytes significantly increased HIF genomic accessibility versus progenitor cells.Integrative genomics also revealed increased prolyl hydroxylase Egln1(Phd2)chromatin accessibility and expression,which was positively associated with osteocyte differentiation.In mice with chronic kidney disease(CKD),Phd1-3 enzymes were suppressed,consistent with FGF23 upregulation in this model.Conditional loss of Phd2 from osteocytes in vivo resulted in upregulated Fgf23,in line with our findings that the MPC2 cell line lacking Phd2(CRISPR Phd2-KO cells)constitutively activated Fgf23 that was abolished by HIF1αblockade.In vitro,Phd2-KO cells lost iron-mediated suppression of Fgf23 and this activity was not compensated for by Phd1 or-3.In sum,osteocytes become adapted to oxygen/iron sensing during differentiation and are directly sensitive to bioavailable iron.Further,Phd2 is a critical mediator of osteocyte FGF23 production,thus our collective studies may provide new therapeutic targets for skeletal diseases involving disturbed oxygen/iron sensing.展开更多
The novel narrates a captivating and imaginative story of"self-discovery and self-acceptance."Through the adventures shared by Xiao Yu and the Cat Prince,they develop profound reflections on their respective...The novel narrates a captivating and imaginative story of"self-discovery and self-acceptance."Through the adventures shared by Xiao Yu and the Cat Prince,they develop profound reflections on their respective lives,conquering fears and embracing life's imperfections,approaching each new day with a broader perspective.The work received the Eighth Good Shanghai Children's Book Award,and the adapted screenplay was nominated for the Golden Character Award by the Beijing Film Academy.展开更多
In this paper,we compute sub-Riemannian limits of Gaussian curvature associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections and the adapted connection for a Euclidean C2-smooth surface in the Heisenberg gro...In this paper,we compute sub-Riemannian limits of Gaussian curvature associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections and the adapted connection for a Euclidean C2-smooth surface in the Heisenberg group away from characteristic points and signed geodesic curvature associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections and the adapted connection for Euclidean C2-smooth curves on surfaces.We get Gauss-Bonnet theorems associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections in the Heisenberg group.展开更多
The goat(Capra hircus)is one of the oldest domesticated animal species,with archeological evidence indicating that its earliest domestication from the wild ancestor(bezoar)occurred in the Fertile Crescent 10,000 calib...The goat(Capra hircus)is one of the oldest domesticated animal species,with archeological evidence indicating that its earliest domestication from the wild ancestor(bezoar)occurred in the Fertile Crescent 10,000 calibrated calendar years ago(Zeder and Hesse,2000).A variety of well-adapted goat breeds with excellent economic traits have been selected artificially and naturally for human needs in China,Pakistan,and Nepal.For example,cashmere goat breeds produce fine cashmere wool and are mainly distributed on the Himalayan Plateau(e.g.,Nepal and Tibet)and in cold northern China(e.g.,Inner Mongolia and Liaoning).The Toggenburg dairy goat is the most productive breed of dairy goat and is distributed in at least 50 countries on all continents(Ferro et al.,2017).Pakistani ewes are reared mostly for meat and wool purposes,but some are used as dairy goats,such as the Bugi Toori goat and Pateri goat(Bilal et al.,2018).Additionally,indigenous goats of the southern Asian regions are well adapted to the local hot environment.Their unique traits and biodiversity serve as genetic resources that can be used for the artificial breeding of goats.Recently,several studies have provided patterns of genome-wide characteristics in goat populations to explore the underlying genetic basis of trait formation and environmental adaptability in China(Zhang et al.,2018),Pakistan(Kumar et al.,2018),and Nepal(Sasazaki et al.,2021),respectively.However,due to the proximity of these geographic regions,the profiles of genetic differences,gene flow,and common genes related to high trait performance between goat populations from China,Pakistan,and Nepal remain unclear.展开更多
Introduction: Neurocognitive disorders are frequent with aging and are often seen at advancing stages in our context. It is really difficult to evaluate rapidly Nigerien elderly persons according to tools available on...Introduction: Neurocognitive disorders are frequent with aging and are often seen at advancing stages in our context. It is really difficult to evaluate rapidly Nigerien elderly persons according to tools available on cognitive status while there is a great number of uneducated elderly people who suffer from cognitive deficiency. The purpose was to determine neurocognitive disorders prevalence in uneducated groups and Muslim elderly people by using the cognitive disorder examination (Codex) test adopted in the population living at home in Niamey (Niger). Materials and Methods: These are the results of a preliminary prospective study with simple three (3) random sampling concerning elderly people aged 60 and over living at home in whom the codex test adapted to Niamey was administered in uneducated Muslim elderly people for a total duration of four (4) minutes. This screen-adapted test should be completed by the mini-mental test of Senegal which is adapted globally to uneducated people in hospitals. The basic Codex test was developed in France for educated people, so we used this basic test in our educated people in the same study. Results: A total of 198 patients had been collected, of which 51.5% were female with an average age of 68 years with extremes of 60 to 84 years. 40 were educated. Among educated persons, 62.5% had a very low probability of dementia and 5% had a very high probability of dementia in the first step of the Codex. In the second step, 12.5% had a low probability of dementia and 20% had a high probability in the same group, while 51.3% had a very low probability of dementia and 21.3% had a very high probability of dementia in the first step of CODEX in uneducated elderly. In the second step in the same group, 12.6% had a low probability and 14.5% had a high probability of dementia. Conclusion: The adapted codex test of Niamey is simple and could be rapidly used to screen dementia among uneducated elderly Muslim prayers, and then could confirm it by complementary cognitive status test validated展开更多
A boundary value problem is considered for a singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion equation; we construct a finite difference scheme on α priori （sequentially） adapted meshes and study its convergence...A boundary value problem is considered for a singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion equation; we construct a finite difference scheme on α priori （sequentially） adapted meshes and study its convergence. The scheme on α priori adapted meshes is constructed using a majorant function for the singular component of the discrete solution, which allows us to find α priori a subdomain where the computed solution requires a further improvement. This subdomain is defined by the perturbation parameter ε, the step-size of a uniform mesh in χ, and also by the required accuracy of the discrete solution and the prescribed number of refinement iterations K for improving the solution. To solve the discrete problems aimed at the improvement of the solution, we use uniform meshes on the subdomains. The error of the numerical solution depends weakly on the parameter ε. The scheme converges almost ε-uniformly, precisely, under the condition N^-1 = o （ε^v）, where N denotes the number of nodes in the spatial mesh, and the value v = v（K） can be chosen arbitrarily small for suitable K.展开更多
文摘The alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway was initially identified as a non-immunological defense mechanism against virus infections. It is particularly relevant to the suppression of stealth adapted viruses, which are not normally recognized by the cellular immune system. Many of the methods able to enhance the ACE pathway are consistent with the transfer of a natural energy to the body’s fluids. Additional support for this premise is provided in this paper. The vapor pressure and rate of evaporation of activated water, ethanol and gasoline increase to beyond atmospheric pressure over time. The term KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) is proposed for a natural energy that increases the volatility of fluids, seemingly through the loosening of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. KELEA activated fluids have many potential health, agricultural and industrial applications, as well as providing the opportunity for fundamental research.
文摘Modified Theories of Gravity include spin dependence in General Relativity, to account for additional sources of gravity instead of dark matter/energy approach. The spin-spin interaction is already included in the effective nuclear force potential, and theoretical considerations and experimental evidence hint to the hypothesis that Gravity originates from such an interaction, under an averaging process over spin directions. This invites to continue the line of theory initiated by Einstein and Cartan, based on tetrads and spin effects modeled by connections with torsion. As a first step in this direction, the article considers a new modified Coulomb/Newton Law accounting for the spin-spin interaction. The physical potential is geometrized through specific affine connections and specific semi-Riemannian metrics, canonically associated to it, acting on a manifold or at the level of its tangent bundle. Freely falling particles in these “toy Universes” are determined, showing an interesting behavior and unexpected patterns.
基金This work was supported by funding provided by TunOptix IncPart of this work was conducted at the Washington Nanofabrication Facility(WNF)/Molecular Analysis Facility(MAF),a National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure(NNCI)site at the University of Washington,which was supported in part by funds from the National Science Foundation(Awards NNCI-1542101,1337840,and 0335765)the National Institutes of Health,the Molecular Engineering&Sciences Institute,the Clean Energy Institute,the Washington Research Foundation,the M.J.Murdock Charitable Trust,Altatech,ClassOne Technology,GCE Market,Google,and SPTS.
文摘Miniature lenses with a tunable focus are essential components for many modern applications involving compact optical systems.While several tunable lenses have been reported with various tuning mechanisms,they often face challenges with respect to power consumption,tuning speed,fabrication cost,or production scalability.In this work,we have adapted the mechanism of an Alvarez lens–a varifocal composite lens in which lateral shifts of two optical elements with cubic phase surfaces give rise to a change in the optical power–to construct a miniature,microelectromechanical system(MEMS)-actuated metasurface Alvarez lens.Implementation based on an electrostatic MEMS generates fast and controllable actuation with low power consumption.The utilization of metasurfaces–ultrathin and subwavelength-patterned diffractive optics–as optical elements greatly reduces the device volume compared to systems using conventional freeform lenses.The entire MEMS Alvarez metalens is fully compatible with modern semiconductor fabrication technologies,granting it the potential to be mass-produced at a low unit cost.In the reported prototype operating at 1550 nm wavelength,a total uniaxial displacement of 6.3µm was achieved in the Alvarez metalens with a direct-current(DC)voltage application up to 20V,which modulated the focal position within a total tuning range of 68µm,producing more than an order of magnitude change in the focal length and a 1460-diopter change in the optical power.The MEMS Alvarez metalens has a robust design that can potentially generate a much larger tuning range without substantially increasing the device volume or energy consumption,making it desirable for a wide range of imaging and display applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40374054).
文摘To precisely determine the integrated orbit of the Chinese manned spacecraft mission, a smoother and Bayesian filter based technique for optimum semi-codeless tracking of the P（Y） code on dual-frequency GPS signals has been advanced. This signal processing technique has been proven effective and robust for affording access to dual-frequency GPS signals. This paper introduces the signal dynamics and measurement models, describes the W o D bit estimation method, and corrects the mistakes of direct estimation of W bit in current semi-codeless tracking. Median filter is chosen as a smoother to find the best measurements at the current time among the history and current information. The Bayesian filter is used to track the L2 P（Y） code phase and L2 carrier phase recursively.
文摘In the comparison with SARS-CoVof 2003,SARS-CoV-2 is extremely well adapted to the human populations and its adaptive shift from the animal host to humans must have been even more extensive.By the blind watchmaker argument,such an adaptive shift can only happen prior to the onset of the current pandemic and with the aid of step-by-step selection.
文摘The existence and uniqueness of the solutions for a class of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs for short) in a random interval are discussed.
文摘AIM: To assess the prevalence of mild gastrointestinal disorders in milk-fed infants in paediatric practice, and to evaluate the effectiveness and satisfaction with dietetic treatment.METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was first carried out. A total of 285 paediatricians included 3487 children seen during a period of one week. In a second phase an observational, prospective and multicentre study was conducted and 2069 milk-fed infants with mild gastrointestinal disorders (colic, constipation, regurgitation and diarrhoea) were included. There was a baseline visit (start of treatment) and a final visit four weeks later. The effectiveness of the various Novalac formulas, as well as the satisfaction of the parents/tutors and paediatricians with the dietetic treatment were assessed at the final visit.RESULTS: The prevalence of mild gastrointestinal disorders was 27.8% of all paediatrician consultations (9.2%, 7.8%, 6.1% and 4.6% in relation to colic, constipation, regurgitation and diarrhoea, respectively). The several Novalac adapted milk formulas resolved 88.4% of the mild gastrointestinal disorders. Depending on the type of disorder, differences in response rate were observed. The highest effectiveness was recorded with respect to diarrhoea (92.6%), followed by constipation (91.6%), colic (87.6%) and regurgitation (81%). Overall, 91% of the paediatricians and 88.8% of the parents/tutors were satisfied or very satisfied with the Novalac adapted milk formulas.CONCLUSION: Mild gastrointestinal disorders show a high prevalence in paediatric practice. The Novalac adapted milk formulas have been shown to be effective in treating mild gastrointestinal disorders in milk-fed infants in the context of routine clinical practice.
文摘Hong Kong novelist Yi Shu’s works are being adapted for movie and TV,but not everyone is sold on the messaging of these female-centric stories.Under a brilliant autumn sky,Huang Yimei glides down the open road.A black leather jacket clings to her form.Her motorcycle hums with power.As she rides,the yellow leaves of the trees lining the street blur into a golden haze.“From now on,the world points wherever I want to go,and I embrace my being,fully and utterly,”she says.
基金NIH grants F31-DK122679 and T32-HL007910(MLN)a postdoctoral research grant from the Research Foundation–Flanders(FWO/12H5917N)(SS)+6 种基金R01-AR074473(WRT)R21-AR059278,R01-DK112958,and R01-HL145528(KEW)The David Weaver Professorship(KEW)The Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center FCRF is funded in part by NIHNational Cancer Institute(NCI)grant P30 CA082709National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases(NIDDK)grant U54DK106846supported in part by NIH instrumentation grant 1S10D012270。
文摘Osteocytes act within a hypoxic environment to control key steps in bone formation.FGF23,a critical phosphate-regulating hormone,is stimulated by low oxygen/iron in acute and chronic diseases,however the molecular mechanisms directing this process remain unclear.Our goal was to identify the osteocyte factors responsible for FGF23 production driven by changes in oxygen/iron utilization.Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors(HIF-PHI)which stabilize HIF transcription factors,increased Fgf23 in normal mice,as well as in osteocyte-like cells;in mice with conditional osteocyte Fgf23 deletion,circulating i FGF23 was suppressed.An inducible MSC cell line(‘MPC2’)underwent FG-4592 treatment and ATACseq/RNAseq,and demonstrated that differentiated osteocytes significantly increased HIF genomic accessibility versus progenitor cells.Integrative genomics also revealed increased prolyl hydroxylase Egln1(Phd2)chromatin accessibility and expression,which was positively associated with osteocyte differentiation.In mice with chronic kidney disease(CKD),Phd1-3 enzymes were suppressed,consistent with FGF23 upregulation in this model.Conditional loss of Phd2 from osteocytes in vivo resulted in upregulated Fgf23,in line with our findings that the MPC2 cell line lacking Phd2(CRISPR Phd2-KO cells)constitutively activated Fgf23 that was abolished by HIF1αblockade.In vitro,Phd2-KO cells lost iron-mediated suppression of Fgf23 and this activity was not compensated for by Phd1 or-3.In sum,osteocytes become adapted to oxygen/iron sensing during differentiation and are directly sensitive to bioavailable iron.Further,Phd2 is a critical mediator of osteocyte FGF23 production,thus our collective studies may provide new therapeutic targets for skeletal diseases involving disturbed oxygen/iron sensing.
文摘The novel narrates a captivating and imaginative story of"self-discovery and self-acceptance."Through the adventures shared by Xiao Yu and the Cat Prince,they develop profound reflections on their respective lives,conquering fears and embracing life's imperfections,approaching each new day with a broader perspective.The work received the Eighth Good Shanghai Children's Book Award,and the adapted screenplay was nominated for the Golden Character Award by the Beijing Film Academy.
文摘In this paper,we compute sub-Riemannian limits of Gaussian curvature associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections and the adapted connection for a Euclidean C2-smooth surface in the Heisenberg group away from characteristic points and signed geodesic curvature associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections and the adapted connection for Euclidean C2-smooth curves on surfaces.We get Gauss-Bonnet theorems associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections in the Heisenberg group.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31961143021)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (CARS-3901)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China (ASTIP-IAS01) to Y.M. and L.J.supported by the Elite Youth Program in Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘The goat(Capra hircus)is one of the oldest domesticated animal species,with archeological evidence indicating that its earliest domestication from the wild ancestor(bezoar)occurred in the Fertile Crescent 10,000 calibrated calendar years ago(Zeder and Hesse,2000).A variety of well-adapted goat breeds with excellent economic traits have been selected artificially and naturally for human needs in China,Pakistan,and Nepal.For example,cashmere goat breeds produce fine cashmere wool and are mainly distributed on the Himalayan Plateau(e.g.,Nepal and Tibet)and in cold northern China(e.g.,Inner Mongolia and Liaoning).The Toggenburg dairy goat is the most productive breed of dairy goat and is distributed in at least 50 countries on all continents(Ferro et al.,2017).Pakistani ewes are reared mostly for meat and wool purposes,but some are used as dairy goats,such as the Bugi Toori goat and Pateri goat(Bilal et al.,2018).Additionally,indigenous goats of the southern Asian regions are well adapted to the local hot environment.Their unique traits and biodiversity serve as genetic resources that can be used for the artificial breeding of goats.Recently,several studies have provided patterns of genome-wide characteristics in goat populations to explore the underlying genetic basis of trait formation and environmental adaptability in China(Zhang et al.,2018),Pakistan(Kumar et al.,2018),and Nepal(Sasazaki et al.,2021),respectively.However,due to the proximity of these geographic regions,the profiles of genetic differences,gene flow,and common genes related to high trait performance between goat populations from China,Pakistan,and Nepal remain unclear.
文摘Introduction: Neurocognitive disorders are frequent with aging and are often seen at advancing stages in our context. It is really difficult to evaluate rapidly Nigerien elderly persons according to tools available on cognitive status while there is a great number of uneducated elderly people who suffer from cognitive deficiency. The purpose was to determine neurocognitive disorders prevalence in uneducated groups and Muslim elderly people by using the cognitive disorder examination (Codex) test adopted in the population living at home in Niamey (Niger). Materials and Methods: These are the results of a preliminary prospective study with simple three (3) random sampling concerning elderly people aged 60 and over living at home in whom the codex test adapted to Niamey was administered in uneducated Muslim elderly people for a total duration of four (4) minutes. This screen-adapted test should be completed by the mini-mental test of Senegal which is adapted globally to uneducated people in hospitals. The basic Codex test was developed in France for educated people, so we used this basic test in our educated people in the same study. Results: A total of 198 patients had been collected, of which 51.5% were female with an average age of 68 years with extremes of 60 to 84 years. 40 were educated. Among educated persons, 62.5% had a very low probability of dementia and 5% had a very high probability of dementia in the first step of the Codex. In the second step, 12.5% had a low probability of dementia and 20% had a high probability in the same group, while 51.3% had a very low probability of dementia and 21.3% had a very high probability of dementia in the first step of CODEX in uneducated elderly. In the second step in the same group, 12.6% had a low probability and 14.5% had a high probability of dementia. Conclusion: The adapted codex test of Niamey is simple and could be rapidly used to screen dementia among uneducated elderly Muslim prayers, and then could confirm it by complementary cognitive status test validated
文摘A boundary value problem is considered for a singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion equation; we construct a finite difference scheme on α priori （sequentially） adapted meshes and study its convergence. The scheme on α priori adapted meshes is constructed using a majorant function for the singular component of the discrete solution, which allows us to find α priori a subdomain where the computed solution requires a further improvement. This subdomain is defined by the perturbation parameter ε, the step-size of a uniform mesh in χ, and also by the required accuracy of the discrete solution and the prescribed number of refinement iterations K for improving the solution. To solve the discrete problems aimed at the improvement of the solution, we use uniform meshes on the subdomains. The error of the numerical solution depends weakly on the parameter ε. The scheme converges almost ε-uniformly, precisely, under the condition N^-1 = o （ε^v）, where N denotes the number of nodes in the spatial mesh, and the value v = v（K） can be chosen arbitrarily small for suitable K.
