Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a major public healthproblem worldwide. HBV is not directly cytotoxic to infected hepatocytes; the clinical outcome of infection results from complicated interactions between the vi...Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a major public healthproblem worldwide. HBV is not directly cytotoxic to infected hepatocytes; the clinical outcome of infection results from complicated interactions between the virus and the host immune system. In acute HBV infection, initiation of a broad, vigorous immune response is res-ponsible for viral clearance and self-limited inflammatory liver disease. Effective and coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses are critical for viral clearance and the development of long-lasting immunity. Chronic hepatitis B patients fail to mount efficient innate and adaptive immune responses to the virus. In particular, HBV-specific cytotoxic T cells, which are crucial for HBV clearance, are hyporesponsiveness to HBV infection. Accumulating experimental evidence obtained from the development of animal and cell line models has highlighted the importance of innate immunity in the early control of HBV spread. The virus has evolved immune escape strategies, with higher HBV loads and HBV protein concentrations associated with increasing impairment of immune function. Therefore, treatment of HBV infection requires inhibition of HBV replication and protein expression to restore the suppressed host immunity. Complicated interactions exist not only between innate and adaptive responses, but also among innate immune cells and different components of adaptive responses. Improved insight into these complex interactions are important in designing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment HBV infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune responses and among different immunocytes in HBV infection.展开更多
针对公共重点区域的智能监视问题,研究了一种基于运动历史图像(motion history image,MHI)的行人异常行为检测方法。利用运动图像序列得到的MHI获取视频帧中运动目标的运动方向,由运动方向的变化分类确定人体运动模式和行为是否异常,同...针对公共重点区域的智能监视问题,研究了一种基于运动历史图像(motion history image,MHI)的行人异常行为检测方法。利用运动图像序列得到的MHI获取视频帧中运动目标的运动方向,由运动方向的变化分类确定人体运动模式和行为是否异常,同时给出相应的实验结果。结果表明,该方法实现简单,具有较好的实时性与鲁棒性,可以作为实时监控系统中异常行为检测的有效方法。展开更多
基金Supported by Grants of Yantai Science and Technology Plan Project,No.2012116
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is a major public healthproblem worldwide. HBV is not directly cytotoxic to infected hepatocytes; the clinical outcome of infection results from complicated interactions between the virus and the host immune system. In acute HBV infection, initiation of a broad, vigorous immune response is res-ponsible for viral clearance and self-limited inflammatory liver disease. Effective and coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses are critical for viral clearance and the development of long-lasting immunity. Chronic hepatitis B patients fail to mount efficient innate and adaptive immune responses to the virus. In particular, HBV-specific cytotoxic T cells, which are crucial for HBV clearance, are hyporesponsiveness to HBV infection. Accumulating experimental evidence obtained from the development of animal and cell line models has highlighted the importance of innate immunity in the early control of HBV spread. The virus has evolved immune escape strategies, with higher HBV loads and HBV protein concentrations associated with increasing impairment of immune function. Therefore, treatment of HBV infection requires inhibition of HBV replication and protein expression to restore the suppressed host immunity. Complicated interactions exist not only between innate and adaptive responses, but also among innate immune cells and different components of adaptive responses. Improved insight into these complex interactions are important in designing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment HBV infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the cross-talk between the innate and adaptive immune responses and among different immunocytes in HBV infection.
文摘针对公共重点区域的智能监视问题,研究了一种基于运动历史图像(motion history image,MHI)的行人异常行为检测方法。利用运动图像序列得到的MHI获取视频帧中运动目标的运动方向,由运动方向的变化分类确定人体运动模式和行为是否异常,同时给出相应的实验结果。结果表明,该方法实现简单,具有较好的实时性与鲁棒性,可以作为实时监控系统中异常行为检测的有效方法。
