Lactate, as a metabolite of easy and quick assessment, has been studied over time in critically ill patients in order to evaluate its prognostic ability. The present review is focused on the prognostic role of lactate...Lactate, as a metabolite of easy and quick assessment, has been studied over time in critically ill patients in order to evaluate its prognostic ability. The present review is focused on the prognostic role of lactate levels in acute cardiac patients(that is with acute coronary syndrome, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, non including post cardiac surgery patients). In patients with STelevation myocardial infarction treated with mechanical revascularization, hyperlactatemia identified a subset of patients at higher risk for early death and in-hospital complications, being strictly related mainly to hemodynamic derangement. The prognostic impact of hyperlactatemia on mortality has been documented in patients with cardiogenic shock and in those with cardiac arrest even if there is no cut-off value of lactate to be associated with worse outcome or to guide resuscitation or hemodynamic management. Therapeutic hypothermia seems to affect per se lactate values which have been shown to progressively decrease during hypothermia. The mechanism(s) accounting for lactate levels during hypothemia seem to be multiple ranging from the metabolic effects of reduced temperatures to the hemodynamic effects of hypothermia(i.e., reduced need of vasopressor agents). Serial lactate measurements over time, or lactate clearance, have been reported to be clinically more reliable than lactate absolute value also in acute cardiac patients. Despite differences in study design, timing of lactate measurements and type of acute cardiac conditions(i.e., cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, refractory cardiac arrest), available evidence strongly suggests that higher lactate levels can be observed on admission in non-survivors and that higher lactate clearance is associated with better outcome.展开更多
Background： Acute kidney injury （AKI） frequently occurs in cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients. Studies comparing the effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation （ECMO） with conventional cardiopuhnonary res...Background： Acute kidney injury （AKI） frequently occurs in cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients. Studies comparing the effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation （ECMO） with conventional cardiopuhnonary resuscitation （CCPR） on AKI were rare. This study aimed to compare the effects of ECMO with those of CCPR on survival rate and AKI and explore the underlying mechanisms in a swine model of cardiac arrest （CA）. Methods： Sixteen male pigs were treated with ventricular fibrillation to establish CA model and then underwent CCPR （CCPR group, n = 8） or ECMO during cardiopulmonary resuscitation （ECPR group, n = 8）. The study endpoints were 6 h after return of spontaneous circulation （ROSC） or death. Serum and urine samples were collected at baseline and during the 6 h after ROSC. The biomarkers of AKI were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells was discovered by transmission electron microscope （TEM） and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Apoptosis-related genes were detected by immune-staining and Western blotting. Data were compared by Student＇s t-test. Results： All pigs in ECPR group were successfully resuscitated with a higher 6-h survival rate （8/8） compared to CCPR group （6/8）. The expressions ofAKl biomarkers including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin （NGAL）, tissue inhibitor ofmetalloproteinase2 （TIMP2）, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 （IGFBP7）, liver fatty acid-binding protein （LFABP）, and kidney injury molecule l （Kim-1） were all increased along with the time after ROSC in both groups and lower in ECPR group compared with CCPR group. Especially, products of urinary T1MP and IGFBP levels （TIMP＊IGFBP） were significantly lower at ROSC4 （0.58 ± 0.10 ng^2/ml^2 vs. 1.18 ± 0.38 ng^2/ml^2, t = 4.33, P =0.003） and ROSC6 （1.79 ±0.45 ng2^/ml^2 vs. 3.00 ±0.44 ng^2/ml^2, t = 5.49, P 〈 0.001）; urinary LFABP was significant展开更多
目的观察心肺复苏患者液体控制对肺损伤的影响。方法将心脏骤停患者分为严格控制液体组(A组n=26)和非严格控制液体组(B组n=20),均按照2005年心肺复苏指南推荐的方法进行CPR。气管插管,呼吸机辅助呼吸,并采用肺保护通气策略(适当PEEP加...目的观察心肺复苏患者液体控制对肺损伤的影响。方法将心脏骤停患者分为严格控制液体组(A组n=26)和非严格控制液体组(B组n=20),均按照2005年心肺复苏指南推荐的方法进行CPR。气管插管,呼吸机辅助呼吸,并采用肺保护通气策略(适当PEEP加小潮气量),两组患者均严密监测心电、血压、经皮血氧饱和度和血气分析,动态观察胸部CT。结果复苏成功后B组患者动脉血氧分压明显低于A组(45.6±32.5VS56.8±29.8,P<0.001),以后随着呼吸末正压得应用,逐渐缓慢提高至正常。B组患者机械通气时间明显长于A组(86±16.5h VS 58±18.8h P<0.001)。心肺复苏患者心脏按压时间越长,肺部CT表现为肺内肺挫伤、局部渗出性实变越严重。B组双侧胸腔积液的量明显多于A组。结论复苏时控制液体入量可以减少肺部渗出、减少胸腔积液的产生,缩短机械通气时间。展开更多
文摘Lactate, as a metabolite of easy and quick assessment, has been studied over time in critically ill patients in order to evaluate its prognostic ability. The present review is focused on the prognostic role of lactate levels in acute cardiac patients(that is with acute coronary syndrome, cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, non including post cardiac surgery patients). In patients with STelevation myocardial infarction treated with mechanical revascularization, hyperlactatemia identified a subset of patients at higher risk for early death and in-hospital complications, being strictly related mainly to hemodynamic derangement. The prognostic impact of hyperlactatemia on mortality has been documented in patients with cardiogenic shock and in those with cardiac arrest even if there is no cut-off value of lactate to be associated with worse outcome or to guide resuscitation or hemodynamic management. Therapeutic hypothermia seems to affect per se lactate values which have been shown to progressively decrease during hypothermia. The mechanism(s) accounting for lactate levels during hypothemia seem to be multiple ranging from the metabolic effects of reduced temperatures to the hemodynamic effects of hypothermia(i.e., reduced need of vasopressor agents). Serial lactate measurements over time, or lactate clearance, have been reported to be clinically more reliable than lactate absolute value also in acute cardiac patients. Despite differences in study design, timing of lactate measurements and type of acute cardiac conditions(i.e., cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, refractory cardiac arrest), available evidence strongly suggests that higher lactate levels can be observed on admission in non-survivors and that higher lactate clearance is associated with better outcome.
基金The study was supported by me National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81372025） and the 2015 Annual Special Cultivation and Development Project for the Technology Innovation Base of the Beijing Key Laboratory Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation （No.Z 151100001615056）.
文摘Background： Acute kidney injury （AKI） frequently occurs in cardiopulmonary resuscitation patients. Studies comparing the effects of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation （ECMO） with conventional cardiopuhnonary resuscitation （CCPR） on AKI were rare. This study aimed to compare the effects of ECMO with those of CCPR on survival rate and AKI and explore the underlying mechanisms in a swine model of cardiac arrest （CA）. Methods： Sixteen male pigs were treated with ventricular fibrillation to establish CA model and then underwent CCPR （CCPR group, n = 8） or ECMO during cardiopulmonary resuscitation （ECPR group, n = 8）. The study endpoints were 6 h after return of spontaneous circulation （ROSC） or death. Serum and urine samples were collected at baseline and during the 6 h after ROSC. The biomarkers of AKI were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells was discovered by transmission electron microscope （TEM） and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Apoptosis-related genes were detected by immune-staining and Western blotting. Data were compared by Student＇s t-test. Results： All pigs in ECPR group were successfully resuscitated with a higher 6-h survival rate （8/8） compared to CCPR group （6/8）. The expressions ofAKl biomarkers including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin （NGAL）, tissue inhibitor ofmetalloproteinase2 （TIMP2）, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 （IGFBP7）, liver fatty acid-binding protein （LFABP）, and kidney injury molecule l （Kim-1） were all increased along with the time after ROSC in both groups and lower in ECPR group compared with CCPR group. Especially, products of urinary T1MP and IGFBP levels （TIMP＊IGFBP） were significantly lower at ROSC4 （0.58 ± 0.10 ng^2/ml^2 vs. 1.18 ± 0.38 ng^2/ml^2, t = 4.33, P =0.003） and ROSC6 （1.79 ±0.45 ng2^/ml^2 vs. 3.00 ±0.44 ng^2/ml^2, t = 5.49, P 〈 0.001）; urinary LFABP was significant
文摘目的观察心肺复苏患者液体控制对肺损伤的影响。方法将心脏骤停患者分为严格控制液体组(A组n=26)和非严格控制液体组(B组n=20),均按照2005年心肺复苏指南推荐的方法进行CPR。气管插管,呼吸机辅助呼吸,并采用肺保护通气策略(适当PEEP加小潮气量),两组患者均严密监测心电、血压、经皮血氧饱和度和血气分析,动态观察胸部CT。结果复苏成功后B组患者动脉血氧分压明显低于A组(45.6±32.5VS56.8±29.8,P<0.001),以后随着呼吸末正压得应用,逐渐缓慢提高至正常。B组患者机械通气时间明显长于A组(86±16.5h VS 58±18.8h P<0.001)。心肺复苏患者心脏按压时间越长,肺部CT表现为肺内肺挫伤、局部渗出性实变越严重。B组双侧胸腔积液的量明显多于A组。结论复苏时控制液体入量可以减少肺部渗出、减少胸腔积液的产生,缩短机械通气时间。
