Understanding the responses of soil organic carbon(SOC) fractions to altitudinal gradient variation is important for understanding changes in the carbon balance of forest ecosystems.In our study the SOC and its fracti...Understanding the responses of soil organic carbon(SOC) fractions to altitudinal gradient variation is important for understanding changes in the carbon balance of forest ecosystems.In our study the SOC and its fractions of readily oxidizable carbon(ROC),water-soluble carbon(WSC) and microbial biomass carbon(MBC) in the soil organic and mineral horizons were investigated for four typical forest types,including mixed coniferous broad-leaved forest(MCB),dark coniferous spruce-fir forest(DCSF),dark coniferous spruce forest(DCS),and Ermans birch forest(EB),along an altitudinal gradient in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve in Northeast China.The results showed that there was no obvious altitudinal pattern in the SOC.Similar variation trends of SOC with altitude were observed between the organic and mineral horizons.Significant differences in the contents of SOC,WSC,MBC and ROC were found among the four forest types and between horizons.The contents of ROC in the mineral horizon,WSC in the organic horizon and MBC in both horizons in the MCB and EB forests were significantly greater than those in either DCSF or DCS forest.The proportion of soil WSC to SOC was the lowest among the three main fractions.The contents of WSC,MBC and ROC were significantly correlated(P < 0.05) with SOC content.It can be concluded that vegetation types and climate were crucial factors in regulating the distribution of soil organic carbon fractions in Changbai Mountain.展开更多
城市热点的识别对于探索解决引导性的人群疏散、规避交通拥堵等问题提供新途径,并为基于位置服务(location based services,LBS)如商铺选址、旅游导航等提供重要的科学参考,具有重要的应用价值。随着个人手机终端的普及与发展,手机已经...城市热点的识别对于探索解决引导性的人群疏散、规避交通拥堵等问题提供新途径,并为基于位置服务(location based services,LBS)如商铺选址、旅游导航等提供重要的科学参考,具有重要的应用价值。随着个人手机终端的普及与发展,手机已经成为研究用户行为特征的一种理想的探测器。提出了将手机信令数据融合兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据来挖掘城市的热点区域并进行功能类型标定,重点通过手机信令数据研究人流的出行行为和在蜂窝的驻留时长情况来识别活跃蜂窝,并进一步通过基于密度的聚类算法判别热点区域。选取了重庆市较场口一定范围区域作为研究区域,数据来源于重庆某移动运营商提供的用户手机信令数据,通过实验实例验证分析,证明了该方法可快速识别出城市热点区域,并具有较高的准确性。展开更多
Effective model reduction methods are required to deal with new challenges in active distribution network simulations that are on a large scale and have complicated structures.In the development of advanced electromag...Effective model reduction methods are required to deal with new challenges in active distribution network simulations that are on a large scale and have complicated structures.In the development of advanced electromagnetic transient simulation programs,automated model reduction plays an important role.This paper proposes an automated realization algorithm for the Krylov subspace based model reduction methods of an active distribution network with which the reduced model can be automatically established according to a given threshold of reduction error.The combined state-space nodal analysis framework is employed to apply the automated model reduction algorithm in popular EMTP-type simulation programs.Simulations are performed using PSCAD and a self-developed program to show the feasibility and validity of the proposed methods.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (No.2011CB403204)the Youth Fund for Creative Research Groups,Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Understanding the responses of soil organic carbon(SOC) fractions to altitudinal gradient variation is important for understanding changes in the carbon balance of forest ecosystems.In our study the SOC and its fractions of readily oxidizable carbon(ROC),water-soluble carbon(WSC) and microbial biomass carbon(MBC) in the soil organic and mineral horizons were investigated for four typical forest types,including mixed coniferous broad-leaved forest(MCB),dark coniferous spruce-fir forest(DCSF),dark coniferous spruce forest(DCS),and Ermans birch forest(EB),along an altitudinal gradient in the Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve in Northeast China.The results showed that there was no obvious altitudinal pattern in the SOC.Similar variation trends of SOC with altitude were observed between the organic and mineral horizons.Significant differences in the contents of SOC,WSC,MBC and ROC were found among the four forest types and between horizons.The contents of ROC in the mineral horizon,WSC in the organic horizon and MBC in both horizons in the MCB and EB forests were significantly greater than those in either DCSF or DCS forest.The proportion of soil WSC to SOC was the lowest among the three main fractions.The contents of WSC,MBC and ROC were significantly correlated(P < 0.05) with SOC content.It can be concluded that vegetation types and climate were crucial factors in regulating the distribution of soil organic carbon fractions in Changbai Mountain.
文摘城市热点的识别对于探索解决引导性的人群疏散、规避交通拥堵等问题提供新途径,并为基于位置服务(location based services,LBS)如商铺选址、旅游导航等提供重要的科学参考,具有重要的应用价值。随着个人手机终端的普及与发展,手机已经成为研究用户行为特征的一种理想的探测器。提出了将手机信令数据融合兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据来挖掘城市的热点区域并进行功能类型标定,重点通过手机信令数据研究人流的出行行为和在蜂窝的驻留时长情况来识别活跃蜂窝,并进一步通过基于密度的聚类算法判别热点区域。选取了重庆市较场口一定范围区域作为研究区域,数据来源于重庆某移动运营商提供的用户手机信令数据,通过实验实例验证分析,证明了该方法可快速识别出城市热点区域,并具有较高的准确性。
基金supported in part by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(2013BAAOlB03)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51261130473).
文摘Effective model reduction methods are required to deal with new challenges in active distribution network simulations that are on a large scale and have complicated structures.In the development of advanced electromagnetic transient simulation programs,automated model reduction plays an important role.This paper proposes an automated realization algorithm for the Krylov subspace based model reduction methods of an active distribution network with which the reduced model can be automatically established according to a given threshold of reduction error.The combined state-space nodal analysis framework is employed to apply the automated model reduction algorithm in popular EMTP-type simulation programs.Simulations are performed using PSCAD and a self-developed program to show the feasibility and validity of the proposed methods.
